The no-observed-adverse-effect level of phthalates promotes proliferation and cell cycle progression in normal human breast cells.
Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol
; 62(6): 874-883, 2023 Nov.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-38008508
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:
The data on the association between phthalates and breast cancer risk remains inconsistent. This study aimed to explore the possible mechanism of low-dose exposures of phthalates, including Butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), di(n-butyl) phthalate (DBP), and di(20ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), on breast tumorigenesis. METHODS ANDMETHODS:
MCF-10A normal breast cells were treated with phthalates (10 and 100 nM) and 17ß-estradiol (E2, 10 nM), which were co-cultured with fibroblasts from normal mammary tissue. Cell viability, cycle, and apoptosis were detected by MTT assay, flow cytometry, and TUNEL assay respectively. The expression levels of related proteins were determined by Western blot.RESULTS:
Like E2, both 10 nM and 100 nM phthalates exerted significantly higher cell viability, lower apoptosis, and increased cell numbers in the S and G2/M phases with up-regulation of cyclin D/CDK4, cyclin E/CDK2, cyclin A/CDK2, cyclin A/CDK1, and cyclin B/CDK1, compared with the control group. Significant increase in PDK1, P13K, p-AKT, p-mTOR, and BCL-2 expression and a decrease in Bax protein, cytochrome C, caspase 8, and caspase 3 levels were noted in cells treated with 10 nM and 100 nM phthalates and E2, compared with the control group and MCF-10A cells co-cultured with fibroblasts. The effects of the three phthalates were noted to be dose-dependent.CONCLUSIONS:
The results indicate that phthalates at a level below its no-observed-adverse-effect concentration, as defined by the current standards, still induce cell cycle progression and proliferation as well as inhibit apoptosis of normal breast cells. Thus, the possibility of breast tumorigenesis through chronic phthalate exposure should be considered.Palavras-chave
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MEDLINE
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Ácidos Ftálicos
Idioma:
En
Ano de publicação:
2023
Tipo de documento:
Article