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Occurrence and environmental risks of contaminants of emerging concern across the River Athi Basin, Kenya, in dry and wet seasons.
Chebii, Faith; K'oreje, Kenneth; Okoth, Maurice; Lutta, Samuel; Masime, Philip; Demeestere, Kristof.
Afiliação
  • Chebii F; Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, School of Science, University of Eldoret, P.O. Box 1125, Eldoret, Kenya.
  • K'oreje K; Water Resources Management Authority, P.O. Box 45250, Nairobi, Kenya.
  • Okoth M; Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, School of Science, University of Eldoret, P.O. Box 1125, Eldoret, Kenya.
  • Lutta S; Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, School of Science, University of Eldoret, P.O. Box 1125, Eldoret, Kenya.
  • Masime P; Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, School of Science, University of Eldoret, P.O. Box 1125, Eldoret, Kenya.
  • Demeestere K; Research Group Environmental Organic Chemistry and Technology (EnVOC), Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. Electronic address: kristof.demeestere@ugent.be.
Sci Total Environ ; 914: 169696, 2024 Mar 01.
Article em En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38160815
ABSTRACT
Globally, the environmental occurrence of Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CECs) including pharmaceuticals (PhACs), personal care products (PCPs) and modern polar pesticides has raised ecological and human health awareness. However, as the developed world races against time to establish regulatory measures to mitigate their effects, developing nations including Kenya are lagging behind, partly due to unavailability of adequate data. In this work, a multi-residue analysis of 86 CECs was carried out on 198 surface water and 18 effluent samples collected at 24 sites across the River Athi basin area, Kenya, in both dry and rainy seasons. Overall, 57 CECs comprising 31 PhACs (0.4 ng L-1-142 µg L-1), 6 PCPs (0.7-570 ng L-1) and 20 pesticides (0.3 ng L-1-8.3 µg L-1) were detected. The maximum loads varied from 217 g day-1 (PCPs) to 46 kg day-1 (PhACs). Individually, carbamazepine, nevirapine, sulfamethoxazole and DEET were the most ubiquitous CECs, with detection frequencies (DF) higher than 80 %. The highest concentrations were observed at river sites that are heavily impacted by informal settlements, highlighting the critical role of slums in urban rivers pollution. At least 8 CECs including acetamiprid, alachlor, atrazine, diuron, nevirapine and paracetamol show potential risk to algae, Daphnia magna and fish, as exemplified by Risk Quotients (RQ) up to 174. Similarly, potential risk of antibiotic resistant bacteria development is evident (RQ up to 64), being driven by metronidazole, sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim. Ultimately, further studies on the occurrence and distribution of antibiotic resistant bacteria within the basin and among the communities consuming untreated river water for drinking is merited.
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Texto completo: 1 Base de dados: MEDLINE Assunto principal: Praguicidas / Poluentes Químicos da Água Idioma: En Ano de publicação: 2024 Tipo de documento: Article

Texto completo: 1 Base de dados: MEDLINE Assunto principal: Praguicidas / Poluentes Químicos da Água Idioma: En Ano de publicação: 2024 Tipo de documento: Article