Interrogating Salmonella Typhi biofilm formation and dynamics to understand antimicrobial resistance.

ABSTRACT

AIMS: Salmonella Typhi biofilm-mediated infections are globally rising. Due to the emergence of drug resistance antibiotics did not show effective results against S. Typhi biofilm. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an in-depth interrogation of S. Typhi biofilm to understand its formation kinetics, compositions, and surface charge value. METHODS: This study utilized the S. Typhi MTCC-733 strain from a microbial-type culture collection in India. The S. Typhi biofilm was formed on a glass slide in a biofilm development apparatus. Typhoidal biofilm analysis was done with the help of various assays such as a crystal violet assay, SEM analysis, FTIR analysis, Raman analysis, and zeta potential analysis. KEY FINDING: This article contained a comprehensive assessment of the typhoid biofilm formation kinetics, biofilm compositions, and surface charge which revealed that cellulose was a major molecule in the typhoidal biofilm which can be used as a major biofilm drug target against typhoidal biofilm. SIGNIFICANCE: This study provided interrogations about typhoidal biofilm kinetics which provided ideas about the biofilm composition. The cellulose molecule showed a major component of S. Typhi biofilm and it could potentially involved in drug resistance, and offer a promising avenue for developing a new antibiofilm therapeutic target to conquer the big obstacle of drug resistance. The obtained information can be instrumental in designing novel therapeutic molecules in the future to combat typhoidal biofilm conditions effectively for overcoming antibiotic resistance against bacterial infection Salmonella.