Synthesis, characterization, and environmental applications of graphene-coated sand: A review.
Sci Total Environ
; 917: 170107, 2024 Mar 20.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-38232845
ABSTRACT
Global water quality has deteriorated, leaving over 844 million individuals without access to clean drinking water. While sand filters (SF) offer a solution, their limited surface area and adsorption capacity for emerging contaminants remain a challenge. This has prompted the development of new materials such as graphene-coated sand (GCS) to enhance the sand's adsorptive properties. Notably, GCS also possesses inherent anti-bacterial properties and can function as a photocatalyst when exposed to UV and visible light, offering enhanced water purification. This manuscript 1) reviews the synthesis of GCS, detailing the characterization techniques employed to understand its structure, composition, and multifunctional properties and 2) highlights the superior efficacy of GCS in removing contaminants, including metals (>95 % removal of Cd2+, Pb2+, Zn2+, and Cu2+ in low pH environment), sulfides (full removal compared to 26 % removal by raw sand), antibiotics (98 % removal of tetracycline), and bacteria (complete cell membrane destruction), compared to traditional SF. Due to its enhanced performance and multifaceted purification capabilities, GCS presents a promising alternative to SFs, especially in developing countries, aiming to improve water quality and ensure safe drinking water access. To the best of our knowledge, no other work groups the available research on GCS. Furthermore, future research directions should focus on reducing the overall production cost of GCS, exploring surface modification techniques, and expanding the range of contaminants tested by GCS, to fully realize its potential in water purification.
Palavras-chave
Texto completo:
1
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Poluentes Químicos da Água
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Água Potável
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Purificação da Água
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Grafite
Idioma:
En
Ano de publicação:
2024
Tipo de documento:
Article