Honeymoon phase in type 1 diabetes mellitus: A window of opportunity for diabetes reversal?

ABSTRACT

The knowledge of the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) continues to rapidly evolve. The natural course of the disease can be described in four clinical stages based on the autoimmune markers and glycemic status. Not all individuals of T1DM progress in that specific sequence. We hereby present a case of T1DM with a classical third phase (honeymoon phase) and discuss the intricacies of this interesting phase along with a possible future promise of "cure" with the use of immunotherapies. We now know that the course of T1DM may not be in only one direction towards further progression; rather the disease may have a waxing and waning course with even reversal of type 1 diabetes concept being discussed. The third phase popularly called the "honeymoon phase", is of special interest as this phase is complex in its pathogenesis. The honeymoon phase of T1DM seems to provide the best window of opportunity for using targeted therapies using various immunomodulatory agents leading to the possibility of achieving the elusive "diabetes reversal" in T1DM. Identifying this phase is therefore the key, with a lot of varying criteria having been proposed.