Re-evaluating the role of pelvic radiation in the age of modern precision medicine and systemic therapy.

ABSTRACT

The efficacy of pelvic radiation in the management of locally advanced stage rectal cancer has come under scrutiny in the context of modern precision medicine and systemic therapy as evidenced by recent clinical trials such as FOWARC (J Clin Oncol 2019; 37 3223-3233), NCT04165772 (N Engl J Med 2022; 386 2363-2376), and PROSPECT (N Engl J Med 2023; 389 322-334). In this review, we comprehensively assess these pivotal trials and offer additional insights into the evolving role of pelvic radiation in contemporary oncology.