5-Hydroxytryptophan acts as a gap junction inhibitor to limit the spread of chemotherapy-induced cardiomyocyte injury and mitochondrial dysfunction.

ABSTRACT

Anthracycline chemotherapeutics like doxorubicin (DOX) are widely used against various cancers but are accompanied by severe cardiotoxic effects that can lead to heart failure. Through whole transcriptome sequencing and pathological tissue analysis in a murine model, our study has revealed that DOX impairs collagen expression in the early phase, causing extracellular matrix anomalies that weaken the mechanical integrity of the heart. This results in ventricular wall thinning and dilation, exacerbating cardiac dysfunction. In this work, we have identified 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) as a potent inhibitor of gap junction communication. This inhibition is key to limiting the spread of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Treatment with 5-HTP effectively countered the adverse effects of DOX on the heart, preserving ventricular structure and ejection fraction. Moreover, 5-HTP enhanced mitochondrial respiratory function, as shown by the O2k mitochondrial function assay, by improving mitochondrial complex activity and ATP production. Importantly, the cardioprotective benefits of 5-HTP did not interfere with DOX's ability to combat cancer. These findings shed light on the cardiotoxic mechanisms of DOX and suggest that 5-HTP could be a viable strategy to prevent heart damage during chemotherapy, offering a foundation for future clinical development. This research opens the door for 5-HTP to be considered a dual-purpose agent that can protect the heart without compromising the oncological efficacy of anthracycline chemotherapy.