Risk Factors of Tuberculosis Destroyed Lung in Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Structural Lung Diseases: A Retrospective Observational Study.

ABSTRACT

Background: Tuberculosis destroyed lung constitutes a significant worldwide public health challenge, little is known about its associated risk factors and prognosis. Our study aimed to identify the risk factors of tuberculosis destroyed lung among pulmonary tuberculosis and structural lung diseases. Methods: Between January 2019 and December 2021, a case-control study was conducted at the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen in China. We collected the clinical data among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and structural lung diseases. Cases were defined as patients with tuberculosis destroyed lung. Controls were not diagnosed with the tuberculosis destroyed lung. A binary logistic regression was performed. Results: In our study, a total of 341 patients met the inclusion criteria, including 182 cases and 159 controls. We found that age ranges of 46-60 years (aOR 4.879; 95% CI 2.338-10.180), >60 years (aOR 3.384; 95% CI 1.481-7.735); history of TB treatment (aOR 2.729; 95% CI 1.606-4.638); malnutrition (aOR 5.126; 95% CI 1.359-19.335); respiratory failure (aOR 5.080; 95% CI 1.491-17.306); and bronchiarctia (aOR 3.499; 95% CI 1.330-9.209) were the independent risk factors for tuberculosis destroyed lung. Conversely, having a normal (aOR 0.207; 95% CI 0.116-0.371) or overweight BMI (aOR 0.259; 95% CI 0.090-0.747) emerged as a protective factor against tuberculosis destroyed lung. Conclusion: This study indicated that tuberculosis destroyed lung is a common condition among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and structural lung diseases. The independent risk factors for tuberculosis destroyed lung were identified as being within the age groups of 46-60 and over 60 years, having a previous history of TB treatment, malnutrition, respiratory failure, and bronchiarctia. It is essential to closely monitor patients possessing these risk factors to prevent the progression towards tuberculosis destroyed lung.