The Differential Impact of Medical Therapy and Lifestyle Modification on Cardiovascular Health and Risk of Adverse Cardiovascular Events: A Narrative Review.

ABSTRACT

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) continue to be a worldwide health concern, requiring effective strategies for risk reduction. This article explores the extensive collaboration between medical therapy and lifestyle modifications in the management of CVDs, aiming to interpret whether a single approach holds the key to reducing major cardiovascular events. In the realm of pharmaceutical therapy, statins, beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, and antiplatelet agents have shown significant effectiveness, as evidenced by landmark trials such as Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S) and Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE). Concurrently, lifestyle adjustments, encompassing physical activity, dietary changes, and management of stress, emerge as indispensable elements in cardiovascular care. The article discusses the pivotal role of patient adherence, tailored approaches, and the synergistic impact of combining medical therapy and lifestyle modifications. Challenges, such as socioeconomic disparities and uncertainties in lipid management, underscore the need for ongoing research and precision medicine. Digital health interventions offer novel avenues for personalized care. Despite advancements, uncertainties persist regarding the optimal balance between medical and lifestyle interventions in lowering major cardiovascular event risks. This article emphasizes the ongoing evolution of cardiovascular care, highlighting the imperative need for evidence-based guidelines tailored to individual patient needs.