Examining the Backpack Weight Relative to Students' Body Weight Among Urban and Rural Schoolchildren: A Cross-Sectional Study.

ABSTRACT

Background Schoolbags or backpacks have been an essential part of the education system for a long time. However, a hefty backpack causes the child to arch the back excessively or bend their head and trunk forward to withstand the weight of the schoolbag. If the student carries the backpack on one shoulder, he/she bends to the opposite side to compensate for the extra weight, which may damage the shoulders and spine. Considering these factors, the main aim of this study was to investigate the percentage of backpack weight in proportion to the student's body weight regarding the new guidelines among urban and rural schoolchildren aged 12 to 15 years in Bangalore, Karnataka. Methodology In southern India, over a year, a cross-sectional study was conducted with 500 students who voluntarily participated after providing written consent. They completed a questionnaire, underwent vital and anthropometric measurements, and had their weights measured, including the weights of their backpacks. Sample bags were inspected to determine contributing weight factors and evaluate adherence to timetables. Results The average weight carried by children of all ages was 6.53 kg, averaging 13.53% of their body weight. Among males, the percentage carrying backpacks weighing over 10% of their body weight was 80.9%, while among females, it was 85.7%. Of all the males carrying bags weighing more than 10% of their body weight, 67.7% attended government schools, while 32.3% attended private schools. Among females studying in government schools, 63.6% carried backpacks weighing more than 10% of their body weight, while among those in private schools, 36.4% carried bags exceeding that weight. Conclusions The study concluded that despite regulations being implemented on backpack weight for children, a significant number still carry bags exceeding 10% of their body weight among both urban and rural school children. This could elevate pressure on neck and back muscles, leading to excessive fatigue and potential damage to the skeletal system, ultimately contributing to spinal deformities.