New coccidian Eimeria iyoensis n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Eucoccidiorida: Eimeriidae) in farmed ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus L.) in Ehime, Japan.

ABSTRACT

Eight Eimeria spp. (Apicomplexa Eimeriidae) have been isolated from the ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus Linnaeus), native to the temperate zone of Asia and eastern regions of Europe. Enteric coccidiosis has become a major issue associated with the breeding of farmed pheasants for game bird release or meat production. In this study, 35 fecal samples were collected from two-to-three-month-old ring-necked pheasants from four pheasant-rearing farms in Ehime Prefecture, Japan. Microscopic examination using a saturated sugar solution technique detected numerous subspherical oocysts from the samples of one farm and ellipsoidal Eimeria phasiani Tyzzer, 1929 oocysts from the three other farms. The subspherical oocysts were artificially sporulated and measured 18.6 µm by 15.7 µm with a 1.18 shape index (n = 150). Each oocyst contained four 10.7 µm × 5.8 µm sporocysts (n = 30) and one coarse refractile polar granule; no micropyle or residua were detected. Each sporocysts contained two sporozoites with one large and one small refractile body and sparsely distributed residua. The complete, 1,443-bp cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (cox1) of this isolate exhibited low sequence identity with published Eimeria spp. sequences including E. phasiani that was previously recorded in the same area. Meanwhile, the oocyst morphology most closely resembled that of Eimeria tetartooimia Wacha, 1973, but with distinct refractile polar granules and sporocyst residua. The available GenBank cox1 sequence of E. tetartooimia exhibited a sequence identity of < 94.5% with the study isolate. Here, the coccidian isolate identified in this study represents a new Eimeria iyoensis n. sp. capable of infecting ring-necked pheasant.