Molecular and Clinical Insights in the Increasing Detection of BCR::ABL1 p190+ in Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND/AIM: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm marked by abnormal clonal expansion of hematopoietic progenitor cells, displaying karyotypic aberrations and genetic mutations as prognostic indicators. The World Health Organization (WHO) and the European LeukemiaNet guidelines categorize BCRABL1 p190+ AML as high risk. This study explored the identification of the increased incidence of BCRABL1 p190+ in our AML population. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study included 96 AML patients stratified according to WHO guidelines. Subsequently, patients were screened for genetic abnormalities, such as BCRABL1 p 190+, PMLRARA, RUNX1RUNX1T1, and CBFBMYH11 by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis. RESULTS: Among 96 AML patients, 36 displayed BCRABL1 p190+, overcoming the expected global incidence. Age variations (19 to 78 years) showed no significant laboratory differences between BCRABL1 p190+ and non-BCRABL p190+ cases. The overall survival analysis revealed no statistically significant differences among the patients (p=0.786). CONCLUSION: The analyzed population presented a higher frequency of BCRABL1 p190+ detection in adult AML patients when compared to what is described in the worldwide literature. Therefore, more studies are needed to establish the reason why this incidence is higher and what the best treatment approach should be in these cases.