Biocatalysis in Non-Conventional Media: Unlocking the Potential for Sustainable Chiral Amine Synthesis.

ABSTRACT

The application of biocatalysis has become essential in both academic and industrial domains for the asymmetric synthesis of chiral amines, and it serves as an alternative tool to transition-metal catalysis and complements traditional chemical methods. It relies on the swift expansion of available processes, primarily as a result of advanced tools for enzyme discovery, combined with high-throughput laboratory evolution techniques for optimising biocatalysts. This manuscript highlights recent chemical and technological developments contributing to the sustainable applications of biocatalysis with industrial interest. Specifically, the use of non-conventional reaction media and the combination with photocatalysis can enhance production of chiral amines by allowing higher working concentrations and cascade transformations, leading to high yields and enantiomeric excesses. Furthermore, a selection of both known and modern strategies for enzyme immobilisation, along with the use of fed-batch and flow synthesis, demonstrates the potential to translate laboratory synthesis to effective scaled-up applications and improve the processing of large reaction volumes.