Radiographic graft changes following maxillary sinus floor augmentation with autogenous bone compared with composite grafts: a one-year single-blind randomized controlled trial.

ABSTRACT

This study evaluated radiographic graft changes following maxillary sinus floor augmentation with (A) autogenous bone, (B) 11 autogenous bone and deproteinized porcine bone mineral, or (C) 11 autogenous bone and biphasic bone graft material. Sixty patients were randomly allocated to groups A, B, and C (20 in each). CBCT scans were obtained at enrolment, after surgery (T1), after prosthetic rehabilitation (T2), and 1 year after implant loading (T3). Significant decreases in graft volume (3D) and graft height (2D) from T1 to T3 were observed in all groups (P < 0.05). However, at T2 and T3, graft volume was significantly higher in group B than in groups A and C (P < 0.05), and graft height was significantly higher in group B than in group A (P < 0.05). Bone density increased significantly from T1 to T2 in all groups (P < 0.001). However, bone density was significantly higher in group B than in groups A and C, at T2 and T3 (P < 0.05). No significant correlation between graft volume or height and implant protrusion length or residual bone height was found. In conclusion, 11 autogenous bone and porcine bone resulted in significantly higher graft volume, height, and bone density when compared with autogenous bone or a 11 ratio of autogenous bone and biphasic bone. However the higher graft volume, height, and bone density did not appear to lead to improved outcomes at 1 year of functional loading when compared to the other groups.