Synergistic promotion of nitrogen vacancies and single atomic dopants on Pt/C3N4 for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.

ABSTRACT

C3N4 is widely applied in the synthesis of single-atom catalysts. However, understanding on the active site and the reaction mechanism is not fully in consensus. Especially, bare studies have considered the coordination environment of the single-atomic dopant and the effect of nitrogen vacancy on C3N4. In this study, we found that the presence of nitrogen vacancies promotes the activation of water and reduces the activation energy barrier for hydrogen generation. The results show that a synergistic effect between single-atom Pt and nitrogen vacancies enables the catalyst to achieve a superior hydrogen production rate of 3,890 µmol/g/h, which is 16.8 times higher than that of pristine C3N4. Moreover, the catalyst is also applicable for photocatalytic hydrogen production from seawater without significantly decreased hydrogen production rate. This study paves the way for the rational design and optimization of next-generation photocatalysts for sustainable energy applications, particularly in solar-driven hydrogen production.