Tumorassociated macrophages activated in the tumor environment of hepatocellular carcinoma: Characterization and treatment (Review).
Int J Oncol
; 65(4)2024 10.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-39239752
ABSTRACT
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissue is rich in dendritic cells, T cells, B cells, macrophages, natural killer cells and cellular stroma. Together they form the tumor microenvironment (TME), which is also rich in numerous cytokines. Tumorassociated macrophages (TAMs) are involved in the regulation of tumor development. TAMs in HCC receive stimuli in different directions, polarize in different directions and release different cytokines to regulate the development of HCC. TAMs are mostly divided into two cell phenotypes M1 and M2. M1 TAMs secrete proinflammatory mediators, and M2 TAMs secrete a variety of antiinflammatory and protumorigenic substances. The TAM polarization in HCC tumors is M2. Both direct and indirect methods for TAMs to regulate the development of HCC are discussed. TAMs indirectly support HCC development by promoting peripheral angiogenesis and regulating the immune microenvironment of the TME. In terms of the direct regulation between TAMs and HCC cells, the present review mainly focuses on the molecular mechanism. TAMs are involved in both the proliferation and apoptosis of HCC cells to regulate the quantitative changes of HCC, and stimulate the related invasive migratory ability and cell stemness of HCC cells. The present review aims to identify immunotherapeutic options based on the mechanisms of TAMs in the TME of HCC.
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Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Carcinoma Hepatocelular
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Microambiente Tumoral
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Macrófagos Associados a Tumor
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Neoplasias Hepáticas
Idioma:
En
Ano de publicação:
2024
Tipo de documento:
Article