[Invasive aspergillosis and bone marrow allograft]. / Aspergillose invasive et allogreffe de moelle.

Invasive aspergillosis is the most frequent cause of infectious death after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Risk factors include the patient's condition (granulocytopenia, immunosuppression) and his environment (air spores count). Pulmonary infections are prominent. Other infections usually occur in the setting of disseminated disease via hematogenous spread. Cerebral aspergillosis appears to be especially frequent and of very poor prognosis. Infections of the paranasal sinuses occur less often and are associated or not with pneumonitis. Mycologically confirmed diagnosis is difficult to obtain: treatment will often have to be instored on clinical findings alone or even on an empiric basis. However, the prognosis remains extremely poor explaining the actual physicians' concern in finding a better prophylaxis of this infection.