Evaluation of the implementation of an online psychiatric nurse practitioner program for primary care nurse practitioners: Use of a Participatory Evidence-Informed (PEPPA-Plus) framework.

To address a growing need for primary care nurse practitioners to provide mental health care, grant support was obtained to create an accelerated online post-master's psychiatric-mental health nurse practitioner (PMHNP) program. A participatory evidence-informed framework (PEPPA-Plus) was used to 1) evaluate the program structures and processes from the perspectives of program graduates, and within this context, to evaluate outcomes following graduation, and 2) to evaluate the impact of the program through the implementation of the dual nurse practitioner role. Approximately half (56%) of the graduates completed a 40-item web-based survey. Ninety-nine percent of those who had taken the PMHNP exam were certified as PMHNPs, 99% were dually certified as primary care NPs, 86% reported that their scope of practice had changed to include the delivery of more mental health care services, and 27% were providing both mental and physical health care in integrated care settings. The vast majority (90%) reported a moderate to very high level of confidence in their PMHNP competency, 60% were teaching psychiatric-mental health nursing as preceptors, educators, or new program directors and 29% were providing care in communities with <50,000 residents. Over half of the graduates were committed to staying in their current practice position for at least the next five years. These findings demonstrate the success of the online program in producing graduates who utilize dual NP competencies in practice, at least 25% of whom are treating populations in non-urban settings, in integrated care settings, and treating populations with high social and environmental risk factors.

Defining the Resident Continuity Clinic Panel Along Patient Outcomes: a Health Equity Opportunity.

BACKGROUND: Continuity clinics are a critical component of outpatient internal medicine training. Little is known about the population of patients cared for by residents and how these physicians perform. OBJECTIVES: To compare resident and faculty performance on standard population health measures. To identify potential associations with differences in performance, specifically medical complexity, psychosocial vulnerability, and rates of patient loss. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Large academic primary care clinic caring for 40,000 patients. One hundred ten internal medicine residents provide primary care for 9,000 of these patients; the remainder are cared for by faculty. STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive analysis using review of the medical record and hospital administrative data. MAIN MEASURES: We compared resident and faculty performance on standard population health measures, including cancer screening rates, chronic disease care, acute and chronic medical complexity, psychosocial vulnerability, and rates of patient loss. We evaluated the success of resident transition by measuring rates of kept continuity visits 18 months after graduation. KEY RESULTS: Performance on all clinical outcomes was significantly better for faculty compared to residents. Despite similar levels of medical complexity compared to faculty patients, resident patients had significantly higher levels of psychosocial vulnerability across all measured domains, including health literacy, economic vulnerability, psychiatric illness burden, high-risk behaviors, and patient engagement. Resident patients experienced higher rates of patient loss than faculty patients (38.5 vs. 18.8%) with only 46.5% of resident patients with a kept continuity appointment in the practice 18 months after graduation. CONCLUSIONS: In this large academic practice, resident performance on standard population health measures was significantly lower than faculty. This may be explained in part by the burden of psychosocial vulnerability of their patients and systems that do not effectively transition patients after graduation. These findings present an opportunity to improve structural equity for these vulnerable patients and developing physicians.

Frequent short sickness absence, occupational health service utilisation and long-term sickness absence due to mental disorders among young employees.

OBJECTIVES: We examined whether frequent short-term sickness absence (FSTSA) and primary care use in occupational health service (OHS) were associated with medically-certified long-term sickness absence (LTSA) due to mental disorders among young employees. METHODS: We used record-linkage data covering the young employees (< 35 years) of the City of Helsinki, Finland (n = 8,282) from 2010 to 2014. The outcome was LTSA due to mental disorders. Cox regression models were fitted. RESULTS: FSTSAs were associated with subsequent LTSA. Also OHS use predicted LTSA due to mental disorders; however, this association was not found for those with prior FSTSA. CONCLUSIONS: Both FSTSA and primary care use indicate subsequent LTSA independently, and together these indicators identify a larger proportion of individuals at risk of LTSA due to mental disorders.

People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Experiences With Telemedicine.

Preserving routine primary care for people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) has been an important challenge during the COVID-19 pandemic. Telemedicine platforms have offered novel means through which care for these individuals may be maintained. Opt-In for Life is a unique mobile health application that contains telemedicine capabilities as well as other features designed specifically for the care of PLWH. Opt-In for Life was implemented early in the pandemic at Hershey Medical Center, although the center is now using a different telemedicine platform across its health care system. Institutional decisions regarding telemedicine platforms are complex. Opt-In for Life contains features that may improve the care of PLWH where telemedicine software alone may be limited.

"They really trust us!": Medical Interpreter's Roles and Experiences in an Integrated Primary Care Clinic.

This study describes medical interpreters' experiences with behavioral health (BH) services in a primary care clinic. Focus group data with medical interpreters representing multiple languages was analyzed using hybrid inductive-deductive thematic analysis. Themes related to interpreter roles were: (1) case management, (2) patient-interpreter relationship, and (3) patient-provider liaison. Themes related to barriers and facilitators to interpreter-mediated BH care were: (1) cultural factors, (2) patient-provider interactions, (3) BH-specific considerations, and (4) clinic factors. Results illustrate ways that interpreters directly (e.g., interpreter-mediated services) and indirectly (e.g., relationship building) support care. The interpreter-patient relationship reportedly helped improve patient attitudes and buy-in for BH.

The Implementation of Integrated Behavioral Health Protocols In Primary Care Settings in Project Care.

PURPOSE: The majority of adults with mental health (MH) and substance use (SU) disorders in the United States do not receive treatment. The Affordable Care Act will create incentives for primary care centers to begin providing behavioral health (MH and SU) services, thus promising to address the MH and SU treatment gaps. This paper examines the implementation of integrated care protocols by three primary care organizations. METHODS: The Behavioral Health Integration in Medical Care (BHIMC) tool was used to evaluate the integrated care capacity of primary care organizations that chose to participate in the Kern County (California) Mental Health Department's Project Care annually for 3years. For a subsample of clinics, change over time was measured. Informed by the Conceptual Model of Evidence-Based Practice Implementation in Public Service Sectors, inner and outer contextual factors impacting implementation were identified and analyzed using multiple data sources and qualitative analytic methods. RESULTS: The primary care organizations all offered partially integrated (PI) services throughout the study period. At baseline, organizations offered minimally integrated/partially integrated (MI/PI) services in the Program Milieu, Clinical Process - Treatment, and Staffing domains of the BHIMC, and scores on all domains were at the partially integrated (PI) level or higher in the first and second follow-ups. Integrated care services emphasized the identification and management of MH more than SU in 52.2% of evaluated domains, but did not emphasize SU more than MH in any of them. Many of the gaps between MH and SU emphases were associated with limited capacities related to SU medications. Several outer (socio-political context, funding, leadership) and inner (organizational characteristics, individual adopter characteristics, leadership, innovation-values fit) contextual factors impacted the development of integrated care capacity. CONCLUSIONS: This study of a small sample of primary care organizations showed that it is possible to improve their integrated care capacity as measured by the BHIMC, though it may be difficult or unfeasible for them to provide fully integrated behavioral health services. Integrated services emphasized MH more than SU, and enhancing primary care clinic capacities related to SU medications may help close this gap. Both inner and outer contextual factors may impact integrated service capacity development in primary care clinics. Study findings may be used to inform future research on integrated care and inform the implementation of efforts to enhance integrated care capacity in primary care clinics.

Transferência de política do tratamento diretamente observado da tuberculose: discursos de profissionais da atenção primária / Policy transfer of direct observation of therapy for tuberculosis: primary health care professionals' speeches / Transferencia de política del tratamiento directamente observado de la tuberculosis: discursos de los profesionales de la atención primaria

OBJETIVO: analisar os discursos de profissionais da saúde acerca dos aspectos motivacionais relacionados à transferência de política do tratamento diretamente observado da tuberculose no município de João Pessoa, Paraíba. MÉTODO: estudo descritivo, qualitativo, desenvolvido nas Secretarias Municipal e Estadual de Saúde e em cinco distritos sanitários de saúde de João Pessoa. A amostra foi composta de 26 profissionais de saúde que participaram de uma entrevista semidirigida no período de junho a dezembro de 2013. Os dados empíricos foram analisados por meio do dispositivo teórico analítico da análise de discurso (AD) de filiação francesa pecheutiana. RESULTADOS: observaram-se como aspectos motivacionais para a transferência de política: benefícios da descentralização das ações da estratégia TDO para o serviço de atenção primária; diminuição dos índices epidemiológicos relacionados ao abandono no tratamento; aumento no percentual de cura e encerramento dos casos; o fortalecimento do vínculo terapêutico entre profissionais e usuários a partir da responsabilidade compartilhada pelo tratamento e cuidados em geral de saúde; e melhorias na acessibilidade dos usuários aos serviços de saúde. CONCLUSÃO: embora sejam visíveis esforços e vontade política dos atores-chave envolvidos na transferência da política, verificou-se que o município necessita ainda implementar estratégias a fim de superar os amplos desafios impostos pela doença e, assim, alcançar a detecção, tratamento e cura dos casos de tuberculose.(AU)

Objective: To analyze the speeches of health professionals about the motivational aspects related to the policy transfer of the direct observation of therapy for tuberculosis in the city of João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. Method: Descriptive and qualitative study developed in the Municipal and State Health Departments and in five Sanitary Districts of João Pessoa. The sample consisted of 26 health professionals who participated in a semi-directed interview from June to December 2013. The empirical material produced was analyzed according to the theoretical-analytical basis of the French discourse analysis by Pêcheux. Results: The motivational aspects for the policy transfer were benefits from the decentralization of actions of the direct observation of therapy strategy to the primary care service; reduction of epidemiological indices associated with treatment abandonment; increase in cure percentage and closure of cases; strengthening of therapeutic bond between professionals and users based on shared responsibility for general health care and treatment; and improvements in users' accessibility to health services. Conclusion: Although efforts and political will of the key actors involved in policy transfer are visible, our data tend to support that that the municipal government still needs to implement strategies to overcome the broad challenges posed by the disease and thus achieve diagnosis, treatment and cure of tuberculosis cases.(AU)

Objetivo: analizar el discurso de los profesionales de salud sobre los aspectos motivacionales vinculados con la transferencia de la política de tratamiento directamente observado de la tuberculosis en la ciudad de João Pessoa, estado de Paraíba. Método: estudio descriptivo, cuantitativo, llevado a cabo en las secretarías municipal y estatal de salud y en cinco distritos sanitarios de salud de João Pessoa. La muestra consistió en 26 profesionales de salud que participaron de una entrevista semidirigida entre junio y diciembre de 2013. Los datos empíricos fueron analizados mediante el Análisis del Discurso (AD) en la línea Francesa Pecheutiana. Resultados: se observaron los siguientes aspectos motivacionales para la transferencia de la política: beneficios de la descentralización de acciones de la estrategia TDO para los servicios de atención primaria; disminución de los índices epidemiológicos relacionados con el abandono del tratamiento; aumento en el porcentaje de cura y cierre de casos; fortalecimiento del vínculo terapéutico entre profesionales y usuarios a partir de la responsabilidad compartida del tratamiento y cuidados en general de la salud; mejora de la accesibilidad de los usuarios a los servicios de salud. Conclusión: a pesar de los visibles esfuerzos y voluntad política de los actores clave involucrados en la transferencia de la política, es necesario implementar estrategias con miras a superar los retos de la enfermedad y poder detectar, tratar y curar los casos de tuberculosis.(AU)

Supporting frail seniors through a family physician and Home Health integrated care model in Fraser Health.

BACKGROUND: A major effort is underway to integrate primary and community care in Canada's western province of British Columbia and in Fraser Health, its largest health authority. Integrated care is a critical component of Fraser Health's planning, to meet the challenges of caring for a growing, elderly population that is presenting more complex and chronic medical conditions. DESCRIPTION OF INTEGRATED PRACTICE: An integrated care model partners family physicians with community-based home health case managers to support frail elderly patients who live at home. It is resulting in faster response times to patient needs, more informed assessments of a patient's state of health and pro-active identification of emerging patient issues. EARLY RESULTS: The model is intended to improve the quality of patient care and maintain the patients' health status, to help them live at home confidently and safely, as long as possible. Preliminary pilot data measuring changes in home care services is showing positive trends when it comes to extending the length of a person's survival/tenure in the community (living in their home vs. admitted to residential care or deceased). CONCLUSION: Fraser Health's case manager-general practitioner partnership model is showing promising results including higher quality, appropriate, coordinated and efficient care; improved patient, caregiver and physician interactions with the system; improved health and prevention of acute care visits by senior adult patients.

Ações de promoção da saúde na consulta de enfermagem à criança / Health promotion actions on nursing consultation to child

Objective: to analyze the actions of health promotion implemented by the nurse in the nursing consultation to the child.Methods:This is a qualitative descriptive research with four nurses who performed this activity in family health units in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso. The data were collected through the participant observation of 21 consultations in the period from January to February 2012. The content analysis in the thematic type was used as a method of analysis, which resulted in two categories: "Constructing practices based on integrality care and health of the child" and "Development of maternal and family skills for child care". Results:it was observed that the actions of the nurses during the consultation related to some of the principles of the National Policy of Health Promotion, such as integrality, autonomy, social participation, empowerment and inter-sectoriality. Final considerations:The nurse, through attitudes based on respect, dialogue, family involvement and active participation, favors the promotion of child health, since it empowers and empowers parents and the family for the integral care of the child.

Objetivo: analisar as ações de promoção da saúde implementadas pelo enfermeiro na consulta de enfermagem à criança. Métodos: trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva de abordagem qualitativa em que participaram quatro enfermeiros que realizavam essa atividade em unidades de saúde da família em Cuiabá, Mato Grosso. Os dados foram coletados por meio da observação participante de 21 consultas no período de janeiro a fevereiro de 2012. Utilizou-se, como método de análise, a análise de conteúdo do tipo temática, que resultou em duas categorias: "Construindo práticas pautadas na integralidade do cuidado e na saúde da criança" e "Desenvolvimento de habilidades maternas e familiares para o cuidado da criança". Resultados: observou-se que as ações dos enfermeiros durante a consulta relacionaram-se a alguns dos princípios da Política Nacional de Promoção da Saúde, tais como integralidade, autonomia, participação social, empoderamento e intersetorialidade. Considerações finais:O enfermeiro, por meio de atitudes baseadas no respeito, diálogo, envolvimento familiar e participação ativa, favorece a promoção da saúde infantil, visto que capacita e empodera os pais e a família para o cuidado integral da criança

Motivações para práticas coletivas na Atenção Básica: percepção de usuários e profissionais / Motivations for collective practices in Primary Care: perception of users and professionals / Motivaciones para prácticas colectivas en la Atención Básica: percepción de usuarios y profesionales

Este estudo teve por objetivo compreender as motivações para o desenvolvimento e manutenção de ações grupais na Atenção Básica na percepção de usuários e profissionais. Trata-se de pesquisa descritiva com metodologia qualitativa desenvolvida em uma Unidade de Saúde com Estratégia de Agentes Comunitários de Saúde de um município do Sul do Brasil. Participaram 15 usuários e cinco profissionais, sendo a amostra intencional, por conveniência e saturação. Os dados foram coletados mediante entrevista narrativa semiestruturada individual e analisados por meio da análise de conteúdo. As categorias que denotaram as motivações dos sujeitos compreenderam as relações interpessoais, a construção de saberes e o cuidado integral. Os resultados encontrados retrataram a importância do trabalho grupal na Atenção Básica para a promoção da saúde, uma vez que apresentaram impacto positivo sobre as condições clínicas, sociais e afetivas dos sujeitos.(AU)

This study aimed to understand the motivations for the development and ongoing group activities in Primary Care in the perception of users and professionals. It is a descriptive research with qualitative methodology, developed in a Health Unit with a Community Health Workers Strategy in a city in southern Brazil. Fifteen patients and five professionals were included in this study, using an intentional sample plus convenience and saturation. The data were collected through individual semi-structured narrative interviews, analyzed using content analysis. The categories found that the subjects motivations comprise interpersonal relations, knowledge construction and comprehensive care. The results reveal the importance of teamwork in Primary Care to health promotion, once it has a positive impact on the clinical, social and emotional conditions of the subjects.(AU)

El objetivo de este estudio fue comprender las motivaciones para el desarrollo y el mantenimiento de acciones grupales en la Atención Básica en la percepción de usuarios y profesionales. Se trató de una encuesta descriptiva con metodología cualitativa desarrollada en una Unidad de Salud con Estrategia de Agentes Comunitarios de Salud de un municipio del Sur de Brasil. Participaron 15 usuarios y cinco profesionales, siendo la muestra intencional por conveniencia y saturación. Los datos se colectaron por medio de entrevista narrativa, semi-estructurada individual y se analizaron por medio del análisis de contenido. Las categorías que denotaron las motivaciones de los sujetos incluyeron las relaciones interpersonales, la construcción de saberes y el cuidado integral. Los resultados encontrados retrataron la importancia del trabajo grupal en la Atención Básica para la promoción de la salud, una vez que presentaron impacto positivo sobre las condiciones clínicas, sociales y afectivas de los sujetos.(AU)

Correlação entre funcionalidade e força de preensão manual e a condição de fragilidade física em idosos da atenção primária à saúde / Correlation between functionality and handgrip strength and the condition of physical frailty in elderly people in primary health care

Resumo: Trata-se de estudo quantitativo transversal cujo objetivo foi analisar a correlação entre funcionalidade e força de preensão manual e a condição de fragilidade física em idosos da atenção primária à saúde. Participaram 389 idosos (=60 anos) de ambos os sexos, cadastrados em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde de Curitiba, Paraná. A coleta de dados ocorreu de janeiro a novembro de 2019, foi precedida pela aplicação do miniexame do estado mental, seguida dos questionários sociodemográfico e clínico, escala da medida de independência funcional (MIF) e avaliação da fragilidade física. Os dados foram organizados no programa Microsoft Excel® 2007 e analisados no software R CORE TEAM, mediante estatística descritiva, análises bivariadas (p<0,05), testes de Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn, qui-quadrado e Spearman. Dos 389 idosos, 34 (8,7%) eram frágeis, 186 (47,8%) pré-frágeis, 169 (43,5%) não frágeis, 255 (65,6%) do sexo feminino e 186 (47,8%) na faixa etária entre 60 e 69 anos. A FPM reduzida foi identificada em 82 (21%) idosos e distribuída entre 27 (79,5%) frágeis e 55 (29,5%) pré-frágeis. Houve correlação significativa entre funcionalidade e força de preensão manual segundo à condição de fragilidade física (Pˆ= 0,330; p=<0,001). A média da FPM foi maior no grupo de idosos não frágeis (28,9 Kgf), comparada aos pré-frágeis (24,6 Kgf) e frágeis (17,1 Kgf). A pontuação média da funcionalidade (MIF) foi maior no grupo de idosos não frágeis (122,1 pontos) em relação aos pré-frágeis (120,6pontos) e frágeis (114,2 pontos). Quanto à tarefa da MIF "controle de urina", observou-se elevada frequência idosos frágeis completamente dependentes (n=9; 26,4%) e pré-frágeis moderadamente dependentes (n=52; 27,9%). Para a tarefa "interação social" observou-se expressiva frequência de idosos frágeis moderadamente dependentes(n=12; 35,3%). Para a tarefa "resolução de problemas" evidenciou-se a mesma frequência (n=7; 20,6%) de idosos frágeis completamente dependentes e moderadamente dependentes. Na avaliação da tarefa "memória" destacaram-se os pré-frágeis moderadamente dependentes (n=26; 14%). A correlação entre funcionalidade (MIF) e FPM se mostrou fraca, positiva e significativa entre os idosos da amostra investigada (Pˆ= 0,330; p=<0,001), entre os não frágeis (Pˆ= 0,252;p=<0,001) e entre os pré-frágeis (Pˆ= 0,236; p=0,001). O desempenho nas tarefas "controle de urina" e "subir e descer escadas" correlacionou-se significativamente à FPM (p=<0,005) entre os idosos pré-frágeis. Destacam-se, com maior coeficiente de correlação com a FPM, as tarefas "controle de urina" para os idosos não frágeis (Pˆ=0,309) e "subir e descer escadas" para os pré-frágeis (Pˆ=0,222). Já a tarefa "resolução de problemas" correlacionou-se à FPM entre os idosos pré-frágeis (p=<0,004) e frágeis (p=<0,017), sendo entre esses o maior coeficiente de correlação (Pˆ= 0,408). Verifica-se ainda a correlação entre a tarefa "expressão verbal e não verbal" e a FPM para o grupo de idosos frágeis (p=<0,025; Pˆ= 0,383). Conclui-se que houve correlação positiva entre funcionalidade e FPM entre os idosos não frágeis e pré-frágeis, indicando que quanto maior a FPM, melhor é o desempenho funcional. Destacam-se resultados expressivos para a prática clínica de enfermagem gerontológica, que podem subsidiar estratégias preventivas voltadas à manutenção da FPM e da funcionalidade, principalmente entre os idosos não frágeis e pré-frágeis.

Abstract: This is a cross-sectional quantitative study whose objective was to analyze the correlation between functionality and handgrip strength and the condition of physical frailty in elderly people in primary health care. Participants were 389 elderly people (=60 years) of both sexes, registered at a Basic Health Unit in Curitiba, Paraná. Data collection took place from January to November 2019, was preceded by the application of the mini-mental state exam, followed by sociodemographic and clinical questionnaires, functional independence measure scale (FIM), and assessment of physical frailty. Data were organized in Microsoft Excel® 2007 program and analyzed in R CORE TEAM software, using descriptive statistics, bivariate analyzes (p<0.05), Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn, chi-square, and Spearman tests. Of the 389 elderly, 34 (8.7%) were frail, 186 (47.8%) were pre-frail, 169 (43.5%) were non-frail, 255 (65.6%) were female and 186 (47.8%) in the age group between 60 and 69 years. Reduced HGS was identified in 82 (21%) elderly and distributed among 27 (79.5%) frail and 55 (29.5%) pre-frail. There was a significant correlation between functionality and handgrip strength according to the condition of physical frailty (Pˆ=0.330; p=<0.001). The average HGS was higher in the group of non-frail elderly (28.9 Kgf), compared to pre-frail (24.6 Kgf) and frail (17.1 Kgf). The mean functionality score (MIF) was higher in the group of non-frail elderly (122.1 points) compared to pre-frail (120.6 points) and frail (114.2 points). As for the FIM task "urine control", a high frequency of completely dependent frail elderly (n=9; 26.4%) and moderately dependent pre-frail (n=52; 27.9%) was observed. For the "social interaction" task, there was a significant frequency of moderately dependent frail elderly was observed (n=12; 35.3%). For the "problem solving" task, the same frequency (n=7; 20.6%) of completely dependent and moderately dependent frail elderly individuals was observed. In the evaluation of the "memory" task, the moderately dependent pre-frail stood out (n=26; 14%). The correlation between functionality (MIF) and HGS was weak, positive, and significant among the elderly in the investigated sample (Pˆ= 0.330; p=<0.001), among the nonfrail (Pˆ=0.252; p=<0.001) and among the elderly. pre-fragile (Pˆ= 0.236; p=0.001). The performance in the tasks "urine control" and "going up and down stairs" was significantly correlated with HGS (p=<0.005) among the pre-frail elderly. The tasks "urine control" for the non-frail elderly (Pˆ=0.309) and "going up and down stairs" for the pre-frail stand out, with the highest correlation coefficient with HGS (Pˆ=0.222). The "problem solving" task was correlated with HGS among pre-frail (p=<0.004) and frail (p=<0.017) elderly, with the highest correlation coefficient (Pˆ=0.408) among these. There is also a correlation between the task "verbal and non-verbal expression" and HGS for the frail elderly group (p=<0.025; Pˆ=0.383). It was concluded that there was a positive correlation between functionality and HGS among the non-frail and pre-frail elderly, indicating that the higher the HGS, the better the functional performance. Significant results for the clinical practice of gerontological nursing stand out, which can support preventive strategies aimed at maintaining HGS and functionality, especially among non-frail and pre-frail elderly people.

O discurso de pessoas acometidas por tuberculose sobre a adesão ao tratamento / The discourse of people taken ill by tuberculosis about the treatment adhesion / El discurso de personas afectadas por tuberculosis sobre la adhesión al tratamiento

RESUMO A tuberculose é uma doença infectocontagiosa que permanece com altos índices de adoecimento em vários países e a não adesão ao tratamento tem reduzido os índices de cura. Objetivo: Identificar, mediante o discurso de pessoas acometidas pela doença, fatores e significados que favorecem a adesão ao tratamento específico. Método: Para a coleta dos dados foi empregada a entrevista em profundidade. A análise foi fundamentada no dispositivo teórico-analítico da Análise de Discurso de linha Francesa. Resultados: A forma como profissionais acolhem os doentes, principalmente o enfermeiro, bem como a o apoio dos familiares, são fatores decisivos para a adesão ao tratamento. Sobre a posição do sujeito em relação ao cuidado, observa-se que se filia a concepção de integralidade quando atribuída a organização das práticas de saúde. Conclusão: Neste aspecto, ressalta-se a importância das singularidades das pessoas adoecidas por tuberculose na elaboração dos projetos terapêuticos.

ABSTRACT Tuberculosis is an infectious contagious disease that remains at a high illness rate in several countries and the non-adhesion to the treatment has reduced the healing rate. Objective: The study aimed at identifying, through the discourse of people infected by tuberculosis, factors and meanings that benefit the adhesion to the specific treatment. Method: For the data collection an in-depth interview was applied. The analysis was based on the theoretical-analytical framework of the French school of Discourse Analysis. Results: The results revealed that the manner in which professionals welcome the patient, mainly the nurse, as well as the relatives' support, are decisive factors to the adhesion of the treatment. Concerning the subject's stand regarding the care, one observes that it is linked to the concept of integrality as attributed to the organization of health practices. Conclusion: In this aspect, the importance of the singularities of the people infected by tuberculosis stands out in the elaboration of the therapeutic projects.

RESUMEN La tuberculosis es una enfermedad infectocontagiosa con altos índices de enfermos en varios países y la no adhesión al tratamiento ha reducido los índices de cura. Objetivo: Identificar, mediante el discurso de personas afectadas por la enfermedad, factores y significados que favorecen la adhesión al tratamiento específico. Méto do: Para la recolección de datos fue empleada la entrevista en profundidad. El análisis fue fundamentado en el dispositivo teórico-analítico del Análisis de Discurso de línea Francesa. Resultados: La forma como los profe sionales acogen a los enfermos, principalmente el enfermero, así como el apoyo de los familiares, son factores decisivos para la adhesión al tratamiento. Sobre la posición del sujeto en relación al cuidado, se observa que se mantiene la concepción de integralidad cuando es atribuida a la organización de las prácticas de salud. Conclusión: En este aspecto se resalta la importancia de las singularidades de las personas afectadas por tuberculosis en la elaboración de los proyectos terapéuticos.

Understanding and Navigating Mental Health Resources in the Community through a Case Study

@#This article shows how Primary Care Physicians can manage stable chronic schizophrenia with complex psycho-social issues in the community. This is made possible through improved access to mental healthcare services. The case study highlights the utilisation of the Mental Health-GP Partnership Programme and Community Mental Health Team to facilitate a smooth transition and maintenance of mental well-being in the community. Resources like Aged Psychiatry Community Assessment and Treatment Service, Assessment and Shared Care Teams, Community Intervention Teams are discussed as well as future directions to strengthen care in the community.

Persons with Intellectual Disabilities and Autism Spectrum Disorders

People with intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder are vulnerable to the same spectrum of mental and physical illness as the general population. Due to unique challenges, they remain at risk of health inequalities resulting in elevated mortality from preventable causes. This article aims to equip the primary physician with greater familiarity and understanding of the varied needs for this sub-group of patients and hence supporting them to lead healthier lives.

Liga de educação em saúde: reflexões a partir das vivências dos estudantes de medicina da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande / Health education league: reflections on the experiences of medical students at the Federal University of Rio Grande

A busca da construção do conhecimento nas comunidades s, aproximando saberes populares e experiências de vida e estimulando a discussão das práticas médicas s, contextos e crenças, levou estudantes da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG) a criar a Liga de Educação em Saúde (LES), no ano de 2010. Essa Liga Acadêmica foi criada levando em consideração as diretrizes curriculares do curso de medicina, as mudanças na organização do sistema de saúde brasileiro e a necessidade de uma maior experiência em Educação Popular em Saúde. A LES desenvolve uas atividades na cidade de Rio Grande/RS e está dividida em três eixos: alunos do Ensino Fundamental l, Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA) e idosos assistidos por uma Unidade Básica de Saúde da Família. São realizados encontros periódicos valorizando a participação opinativa e definindo temas para os encontros com os grupos. Além disso, são realizadas reuniões semanais entre os integrantes para revisar temas teóricos, planejar e discutir as atividades realizadas. Sendo assim, a LES tornou-se um espaço para os estudantes de medicina refletirem, criticarem, e construírem, junto com a comunidade, um espaço para discussão e articulação de práticas de promoção à saúde.

The quest to build knowledge in the communities, connecting popular wisdom and life experiences, and encouraging the discussion of medical practices, contexts, and beliefs, led students at the School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG) to create the Health Education League (LES), in the year 2010. This academic league was created taking into consideration the curriculum guidelines of the program in medicine, the changes in the organization of the Brazilian health system, and the need for broader experience in popular education in health. The LES is developing its activities in the city of Rio Grande, RS, and is divided into three areas: elementary school students, youth and adult education (EJA), and elderly persons receiving care from a Basic Family Health unit. Periodic meetings are held, encouraging opinionated participation and defining topics for meetings with the groups. In addition, weekly meetings among members are held to review theoretical issues, and to plan and discuss the activities they are conducting. Thus, the LES has become a place for medical students to reflect, critique, and build jointly with the community a space for discussion and articulation of practices to promote health

Fisioterapia e núcleo de apoio à saúde da famí­lia: um estudo sob a ótica dos gestores, profissionais e usuários de saúde da famí­lia / Physiotherapy and support center for family health: study from the perspective of family health managers, professionals, and users

Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar, sob a ótica dos gestores, profissionais e usuários da estratégia saúde da fa- mília, a atuação do fisioterapeuta no NASF. Metodologia: Apresenta uma abordagem qualitativa numa perspectiva histórico-social. Foram entrevistados 14 indivíduos por meio de entrevista semiestruturada. Os entrevistados fo- ram divididos em três grupos: o grupo I foi composto por Gestores, o grupo II, por Profissionais de Saúde e o grupo III, por Usuários. A análise dos dados foi realizada a partir da análise de conteúdo. Assim, foi construída a categoria denominada Resolutividade, tendo dois núcle- os de sentido: oferta/demanda e percepção dos usuários quanto à solução do seu problema de saúde. Resultados: O fisioterapeuta, quando inserido no Núcleo de Apoio à Saúde da Família, precisa enfrentar os problemas que aportam ao serviço de saúde, tendo como eixos direcio- nadores o exercício de sua autonomia profissional, o de- senvolvimento de intervenções criativas, o vínculo com a coletividade, levando em consideração os direitos do usu- ário, as opções tecnológicas disponíveis e as necessidades da comunidade de pertencimento. Conclusão: Percebe-se uma necessidade de participação efetiva da Fisioterapia nos projetos terapêuticos que atendem a população.

This study aims to analyze, from the perspective of managers, professionals, and users of the family health strategy, the role of the physiotherapist in the Family Health Support Center. Methodology: It presents a qualitative approach in a historical-social perspective. Fourteen individuals were interviewed using a semi- structured interview. Respondents were divided into three groups: Group I was composed of managers, Group II, of health professionals, and Group III, of users. Data analysis was performed based on content analysis. Thus, the Resolvability category was constructed, with two core meanings: supply / demand and user perception of health problem resolution. Results: The physiotherapist, when introduced into the Family Health Support Center, must face the problems that come up in the health service, the central factors being the exercise of their professional autonomy, the development of creative interventions, the link with the community, taking into account user rights, the technological options available, and the needs of the community. Conclusion: There is a clear need for effective participation of physiotherapy in the therapeutic projects that attend the public.

Educação alimentar e nutricional na perspectiva da atenção primária à saúde / Food and nutrition education from the perspective of primary health care

Diante da relevância da obesidade como problema de saú- de pública e sabendo que as ações de promoção da saúde e hábitos saudáveis de alimentação são condutas eficazes para prevenir a evolução desse agravo, este estudo objeti- vou identificar as mudanças no estilo de vida a partir do processo educativo na percepção de participantes de um grupo de educação nutricional. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva e explicativa, com abordagem qualitativa, sen- do constituída por seis sujeitos adultos, obesos, com ou sem comorbidades associadas que participaram do gru- po de educação nutricional desenvolvido em uma UBSF localizada na Zona Leste do município de São Paulo. As entrevistas foram guiadas por um roteiro semiestruturado e, posteriormente, transcritas na íntegra, categorizadas e analisadas a partir da técnica de análise de conteúdo pre- conizada por Bardin. Os discursos foram agrupados em seis categorias, que evidenciaram mudanças significativas e duradouras dos hábitos alimentares, com repercussão no âmbito familiar, além de novas significações para a prá- tica de atividade física. O trabalho em grupo possibilitou a troca entre os saberes formais e populares e mostrou-se um recurso interessante para se conduzir o processo de educação em saúde, favorecendo as mudanças no estilo de vida. Torna-se relevante a valorização dessa ferramenta de trabalho pelos profissionais da atenção básica a fim de tornar as ações mais efetivas.

Given the importance of obesity as a public health problem and knowing that health promotion actions and healthy eating habits are effective actions in preventing the evolution of this harmful condition, this study aimed to identify changes in lifestyle stemming from the educational process in the perception of participants of a nutrition education group. This is a descriptive and explanatory study, with a qualitative approach, and is composed of six obese adult subjects, with or without associated co-morbidities, who participated in the nutrition education group developed at a Basic Family Health Unit located in the Eastern District of the city of São Paulo. The interviews were guided by a semi- structured script, and later fully transcribed, categorized, and analyzed based on the content analysis technique proposed by Bardin. The discourses were grouped into six categories that showed significant and lasting changes in eating habits, with repercussions in the family setting, and new emphasis on the practice of physical activity. Group work facilitated exchange between formal and popular knowledge, and proved to be a useful resource in the process of health education, encouraging changes in lifestyle. The recognition of this tool by primary care professionals is relevant to increasing the effectiveness of their work.

"Por que os homens não cuidam da saúde?" A saúde masculina na perspectiva de estudantes da área da saúde / "Why men do not take care of their health?" Men's health from the perspective of students in the health area

Este relato é um recorte de ampla pesquisa que bus- cou identificar as representações sociais de masculini- dade e de saúde de homens e de estudantes de cursos da área da saúde. Centra-se nos dados resultantes das entrevistas realizadas com os estudantes, enfocando sua compreensão sobre a interrelação masculinidade-saúde. Foram entrevistados 60 estudantes, de ambos os sexos, decursosdaáreadesaúdedeumauniversidadelocalizada em Vila Velha-ES, especificamente,30 estudantes do cur- so de Medicina e 30 do curso de Enfermagem. As entre- vistas foram realizadas nas dependências da universidade ou em campos deestágio (tais comohospitais), e tiveram, como ponto de partida, um Roteiro de Entrevista que abarcouquestõessobre:dadospessoais,representaçãoso- cial de masculinidade, saúde masculina e saúde feminina, prevençãoetratamentodedoençasmasculinas,fatoresde risco, conhecimento e avaliação da Política Nacional de Atenção Integral à Saúde do Homem. Também contou com três questões de associação livre. Os dados foram analisados a partir da Análise de conteúdo e do software Evoc.Osresultados,demodogeral,indicamapermanên- cia do discurso que aproxima a mulher dos cuidados com a saúde em termos de prevenção, ao passo que o homem continua como aquele que cuida da saúde ao cuidar da doença. Também evidenciam que os serviços, da forma como estão estruturados, podem estar reforçando a di- visão tradicional de gênero, contribuindo para a exclusão masculina da esfera do cuidado.

This report is an excerpt from a wider study that sought to identify the social representation of masculinity and men's health among students in the health area. It centers on data resulting from interviews conducted with the students, focusing on their comprehension of the masculinity-health interrelation. Thirty students were interviewed, of both genders, from programs in the heath area at university located in Vila Velha, ES, specifically 30 medical students and 30 nursing students. The interviews were conducted on-campus or at internship sites (such as hospitals). They were based on an interview script that covered questions such as personal data, social representation of masculinity, men's and women's health, prevention and treatment of male diseases, risk factors, and knowledge and assessment of the National Policy on Comprehensive Care for Men’s Health. This also included three free-association questions. Data were analyzed using content analysis with Evoc software. The results, generally,indicate the persistentdiscourse that connects women to health care in terms of prevention, while men remain those who take care of health by treating illness. They also show that the way the services are structured may be reinforcing the traditional gender division, contributing to men’s exclusion from the sphere of care.

Social Representations Of Violence Against Rural Women: Unveiling Senses In Multiple Views / Representaciones Sociales De La Violencia Contra Mujeres Rurales: Desvelando Sentidos En Múltiples Miradas / Representações Sociais Da Violência Contra Mulheres Rurais: Desvelando Sentidos Em Múltiplos Olhares

We analyze the social representations of violence against women from the perspective of city managers, professionals and health workers in rural settings of the southern half of Rio Grande do Sul. The study has a qualitative approach and adds a theoretical/methodological perspective of social representations. The data were generated by means of the associative method, question-stimulus of words and expressions emergence. The analysis of word association was performed with EVOC software, considering frequency and order of association with inducing terms. Participants recognize violence against women as gender destination that induces consent, resignation, guilt and fear, and results in naturalization and trivialization of this social phenomenon. We highlight the need to produce ruptures in established and traditional forms of health care, in the conservative and stereotypical views of violence, favoring access to friendly service and avoiding the reproduction of gender inequalities.
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Se analizan las representaciones sociales de la violencia contra las mujeres desde la perspectiva de gestores municipales, profesionales y trabajadores de salud en el escenario rural de la mitad sur del Rio Grande do Sul. Este estudio con abordaje cualitativo incluye la perspectiva teórico-metodológica de las Representaciones Sociales. Los datos fueron generados por medio del método asociativo con preguntas-estímulo de evocaciones de palabras y expresiones. El análisis de la asociación de palabras fue realizada por medio del programa EVOC, considerando la frecuencia y el orden de la asociación a los términos inductores. Las evocaciones de los participantes reconocen la violencia contra las mujeres como destino de género que inducen a consentimiento, resignación, culpa y miedo resultando en naturalización y banalización del fenómeno social. Destaca la necesidad de producir rupturas en las formas tradicionales del cuidado de la salud, en las visiones conservadoras y estereotipadas de la comprensión de la violencia, favoreciendo el acceso a servicios de acogida y evitando la reproducción de inequidades de género.
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Analisam-se as representações sociais da violência contra as mulheres na perspectiva de gestores municipais, profissionais e trabalhadores da saúde em cenários rurais da metade sul do Rio Grande do Sul. O estudo tem abordagem qualitativa e agrega a perspectiva teórico-metodológica das Representações Sociais. Os dados foram gerados por meio do método associativo, com questão-estímulo de evocações de palavras e expressões. A análise da associação de palavras foi realizada com o auxílio do software EVOC, considerando a frequência e a ordem da associação aos termos indutores. Os participantes reconhecem a violência contra as mulheres como destino de gênero que induz a consentimento, resignação, culpa e medo, e resulta em naturalização e banalização do fenômeno social. Ressalta-se a necessidade de produzir rupturas nas formas instituídas e tradicionais de cuidado em saúde, nas visões conservadoras e estereotipadas da violência, favorecendo o acesso a serviços acolhedores e evitando a reprodução de iniquidades de gênero.

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Internações por condições sensíveis à atenção primária em município do sudeste do Brasil / Hospitalizations for primary care-sensitive conditions in a Southern Brazilian municipality

OBJETIVO: Analisar as causas mais frequentes de internações por condições sensíveis à atenção primária (ICSAP) em Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil, por faixa etária e sexo, nos períodos de 2002 a 2005 e 2006 a 2009. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo a partir dos dados provenientes do Sistema de Informação Hospitalar (SIH-SUS) e das projeções populacionais do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). As taxas de ICSAP foram calculadas para mil habitantes e as causas mais frequentes analisadas por sexo e faixa etária, comparando-se os dois períodos. RESULTADOS: As internações por condições sensíveis à atenção primária em Juiz de Fora apresentaram taxas de 7,74/mil hab. no período entre 2002 e 2005 e 8,81/mil hab. entre 2006 e 2009. As principais causas foram insuficiência cardíaca, doenças cerebrovasculares, angina pectoris, doenças pulmonares e infecções de rins e trato urinário que, em conjunto, representaram 4,9/mil hab. no primeiro período e 5,6/mil hab. no segundo período. A evolução das taxas entre os dois períodos ocorreu de forma distinta por faixa etária e sexo. CONCLUSÃO: O estudo não revelou diferença expressiva na taxa de ICSAP entre os dois períodos. Quanto às causas mais frequentes, foi verificada diminuição das taxas de internações por gastroenterites, asma, hipertensão e doenças cerebrovasculares e incremento das internações por insuficiência cardíaca, doenças pulmonares, epilepsias e infecções de rins e trato urinário que ocorreram de forma distinta por sexo e faixa etária. Os resultados evidenciam a necessidade de se aprofundar a reflexão sobre os determinantes das hospitalizações por causas evitáveis.

OBJECTIVE: To study the most frequent causes of hospitalizations for primary care-sensitive conditions (HPCSC) in the city of Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil, by age group and gender, over the periods of 2002 to 2005 and of 2006 to 2009. METHODS: This was a descriptive study, with data collected from the Hospital Information System of the Unified Health System (Sistema de Informação Hospitalar do Sistema Único de Saúde - SIH-SUS) and from population projections by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística - IBGE). HPCSC rates were calculated for 1,000 inhabitants, and the most frequent causes were studied by gender and age group, comparing both periods. RESULTS: HPCSP showed rates of 7.74/1,000 between 2002 and 2005 and 8.81/1,000 between 2006 and 2009. The main causes were heart failure, cerebrovascular diseases, angina pectoris, pulmonary diseases, and kidney and urinary tract infections, which together represented 4.9/1,000 in the first period and 5.6/1,000 in the second period. The evolution of the rates between both periods occurred differently by age group and gender. CONCLUSION: The study did not exhibit any remarkable differences in HPCSC rates between the periods. Regarding the most frequent causes, reduced hospitalization rates for gastroenteritis, asthma, high blood pressure, and cerebrovascular diseases were observed, as well as increased hospitalizations for heart failure, pulmonary diseases, epilepsies, and kidney and urinary tract infections; these hospitalizations occurred differently by gender and age group. The results showed that a deep reflection regarding the determinants of hospitalizations for avoidable causes is needed.