Flavonoids, cytotoxic, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Evax pygmaea.

CONTEXT: Phytochemical study and biological potential of Evax pygmaea (L.) Brot. (Asteraceae) are reported for the first time. OBJECTIVE: To identify the secondary metabolites of Evax pygmaea and to determine its antioxidant, antibacterial and cytotoxic activities. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Dried aerial parts (1 kg) were macerated in 70% MeOH (5 L) during 72 h. The concentrated hydromethanolic extract was subjected to extractions with chloroform (3 × 300 mL), ethyl acetate (3 × 300 mL) and n-butanol (3 × 300 mL), successively. VLC of combined ethyl acetate (EAEP) and n-butanol (BEP) fractions was followed by column purifications. Antioxidant activity was investigated using DPPH, CUPRAC, and metal chelating, ß-carotene/linoleic acid and ABTS assays. Agar method was used in the antibacterial study. Cytotoxic activity was determined by Brine shrimp lethality test in DMSO and ethanol, at varying concentrations (2, 1 and 0.2%) and (1, 0.2 and 0.1%) successively. RESULTS: Quercetin (1), isorhamnetin 3-O-ß-d-xyloside (2), isorhamnetin 3-O-ß-d-glucoside (3), quercetin 3-O-ß-d-glucoside (4), quercetin 7-O-ß-D-glucoside (5), patuletin 3-O-ß-d-glucoside (6) were isolated from for the first time from Evax genus. The EAEP was the most active in ABTS (IC50: <3.125 µg/mL) assay whereas the BEEP exhibited the highest activity in the ß-carotene/linoleic acid assay (IC50: <3.125 µg/mL). The EAEP and BEP exhibited good antibacterial activity (MIC: 40-80 µg/mL). The plant did not show any toxicity (LD50>80 µg/mL). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Six flavonoids were isolated for the first time from Evax pygmaea which exhibited good antioxidant and antibacterial activities.

Compounds from the pods of Astragalus armatus with antioxidant, anticholinesterase, antibacterial and phagocytic activities.

CONTEXT: The phytochemical study and biological activities of Astragalus armatus Willd. subsp. numidicus (Fabaceae) pods, an endemic shrub of Maghreb, are reported. OBJECTIVE: This study isolates the secondary metabolites and determines the bioactivities of Astragalus armatus pods. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts of hydro-ethanolic extracts were studied. Antioxidant activity was investigated using DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging, CUPRAC and ferrous chelating assays at concentrations ranging from 3 to 200 µg/mL. Anticholinesterase activity was determined against acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase enzymes at 50, 100 and 200 µg/mL. Antibacterial activity was performed according to minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method. Carbon clearance method in albino mice was used for the phagocytic activity at concentrations 50, 70 and 100 mg/kg body weight. Spectroscopic techniques were used to elucidate the compounds. RESULTS: Ethyl acetate extract afforded a flavonoid (1) while the n-butanol extract gave four flavonoids (2-5), a cyclitol (6) and a cycloartane-type saponin (7). The ethyl acetate extract exhibited highest antioxidant activity in DPPH (IC50: 67.90 ± 0.57 µg/mL), ABTS (IC50: 11.30 ± 0.09 µg/mL) and CUPRAC (A0.50: 50.60 ± 0.9 µg/mL) assays. The chloroform extract exhibited the best antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, each with 80 µg/mL MIC values. The n-butanol extract enhanced phagocytic activity. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Isorhamnetin (1), isorhamnetin-3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-ß-d-galactopyranoside (2), isorhamnetin-3-O-ß-d-apiofuranosyl-(1 → 2)-[α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 6)]-ß-d-galactopyranoside (3), kaempferol-3-O-(2,6-di-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl)-ß-d-galactopyranoside (4), kaempferol-3-O-(2,6-di-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl)-ß-d-glucopyranoside (5), pinitol (6) and cyclomacroside D (7) were isolated whereas 1, 2, 6 and 7 are reported for the first time from A. armatus.

Phytochemical study, antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of Pentzia monodiana Maire.

Chemical investigation of the aerial parts of Pentzia monodiana Maire led to the isolation and identification of one sesquiterpene lactone glucoside of the guaianolide type (dihydropseudoivalin-4-O-ß-d-glucopyranoside), along with nine known compounds including one diterpenoid, two sesquiterpenoids, three lignanes and three flavonoids. Their structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic analysis. All these compounds were evaluated for their DPPH radical scavenging and tyrosinase inhibitory activities. Only lignanes and flavonoids showed good to moderate DPPH radical scavenging activity with EC50 ranging from 10.6 to 47.5 µM. The new sesquiterpene lactone glucoside showed low tyrosinase inhibitory activity whereas the isolated lignanes and flavonoids exhibited a moderate activity with IC50 ranging from 45.4 to 97.2 µM).

A new flavonoid glycoside from the aerial parts of Diplotaxis erucoides (L.) DC. growing in Algeria.

The phytochemical study of the 70% ethanol extract of the aerial parts of Diplotaxis erucoides afforded one new flavonoid glycoside, namely kaempferol-3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-ß-D-xylopyranoside]-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (1), named diploerucoside A and seven known compounds including one flavonoid (2), one phenolic glycoside (3), one monoterpene (4), one triterpene (5), one sitosterol (6) and two monoglycerolipids (7, 8). Their structures were established by extensive spectroscopic analysis including 1 D- and 2 D-NMR (1H, 13C, 1H-1H COSY, HSQC and HMBC), mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS) and by comparison with the data reported in the literature.

Triterpenoid saponins from Anagallis monelli ssp. linifolia (L.) Maire and their chemotaxonomic significance.

Thirteen undescribed triterpenoid saponins named monellosides A-M, were isolated from the aerial parts of Anagallis monelli ssp. linifolia (L.) Maire, together with ten known oleanane-type glycosides. Their structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D-NMR spectroscopy (COSY, TOCSY, HSQC, HMBC and ROESY) as well as high resolution mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS) and acid hydrolysis. Monellosides A-M have a carbohydrate chain linked on the C-3 of the aglycone with a common ß-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 â†’ 4)-α-l-arabinopyranosyl sequence which was further glycosylated by a glucose and/or a xylose. The sequence ß-d-xylopyranosyl-(1 â†’ 2)-ß-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 â†’ 4)-[ß-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 â†’ 2)-]α-l-arabinopyranosyl was common to all the 13,28-epoxy-oleanane core skeleton except one compound. In order to discuss the reclassification of Anagallis in Primulaceae, we compared saponins from species of Myrsinaceae and Primulaceae families and showed that these species were characterized by a pentacyclic triterpenoid saponin with a 13,28-epoxy bridge skeleton. Our phytochemical results increase the knowledge of saponins of the genus Anagallis, their chemotaxonomy and stimulate the evaluation of the biological activities of these saponins.

Pyrroloquinolone A, a new alkaloid and other phytochemicals from Atractylis cancellata L. with antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities.

A new alkaloid pyrroloquinolone A (1), along with fifteen known compounds 2-16 were isolated from the petroleum ether, EtOAc and n-BuOH extracts of the whole plant Atractylis cancellata L. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis including 1D- and 2D-NMR and HR-ESI-MS techniques. This is the first report of alkaloids in the genus Atractylis. Some of the isolated compounds and extracts were evaluated for their antioxidant potential (scavenging activity of DPPH and ABTS radicals, and reducing Fe+3 and Cu+2 power assays) and acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activities. Compounds 8 and 11 showed good antioxidant capacity compared to ascorbic acid, BHA, and BHT used as standards, whereas compounds 1 and 2 exhibited good anticholinesterase activities compared to galantamine used as standard.

Identification and Evaluation of New Potential Inhibitors of Human Neuraminidase 1 Extracted from Olyra latifolia L.: A Preliminary Study.

Sialidases, also called neuraminidases, are involved in several human pathologies such as neurodegenerative disorders, cancers, as well as infectious and cardiovascular diseases. Several studies have shown that neuraminidases, such as neuraminidase 1 (NEU-1), may be promising pharmacological targets. Therefore, the discovery of new selective inhibitors of NEU-1 are necessary to better understand the biological functions of this sialidase. In the present study, we describe the isolation and characterization of nine known compounds from Olyra latifolia L. leaves. This plant, known to have several therapeutic properties, belongs to the family of Poaceae and is found in the neotropics and in tropical Africa and Madagascar. Among the purified compounds, feddeiketone B, 2,3-dihydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3,5-diméthoxyphényl)-l-propanone, and syringylglycerol were shown to present structural analogy with DANA, and their effects on membrane NEU-1 sialidase activity were evaluated. Our results show that they possess inhibitory effects against NEU-1-mediated sialidase activity at the plasma membrane. In conclusion, we identified new natural bioactive molecules extracted from Olyra latifolia as inhibitors of human NEU-1 of strong interest to elucidate the biological functions of this sialidase and to target this protein involved in several pathophysiological contexts.

6"'-O-acetylisospinosin, a new C-glycosylflavone and known compounds from the aerial parts of Cladanthus mixtus.

A new C-glycosylflavone, identified as 6"'-O-acetylisospinosin (1), was isolated from the aerial parts of Cladanthus mixtus together with 30 known compounds. The structures of these compounds were established by interpretation of their spectral data, mainly UV, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic methods including (1H and 13C NMR, COSY, ROESY, HSQC and HMBC experiments), ESI-MS, and by comparison with the literature data.

Triterpene saponins from Silene gallica collected in North-Eastern Algeria.

Eleven previously undescribed triterpene saponins, named silenegallisaponin A-K (1-11), were isolated from the aerial parts of Silene gallica L. Their structures were elucidated by analysis of 1D and 2D-NMR spectroscopic data and mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS). The saponins comprised caulophyllogenin, echinocystic acid, or quillaic acid substituted at C-3 by a ß-d-glucuronic acid or ß-d-galactopyranosyl-(1 â†’ 3)-ß-d-glucuronopyranoside and at C-28 by a ß-d-fucopyranose substituted at C-2 by a ß-d-glucose and at C-3 by a ß-d-glucose or a ß-d-quinovose.

Semipapposides A-M, triterpenoid bidesmosides saponins from the roots of Scabiosa semipapposa.

Phytochemical investigations of the roots of Scabiosa semipapposa Salzem ex D.C. have led to the isolation of 12 undescribed triterpenoid saponins named semipapposides A-L, one undescribed saponin semipapposide M obtained as an inseparable mixture, together with three known oleanolic acid glycosides. Their structures were elucidated by analysis of 1D and 2D-NMR (1H-1H COSY, TOCSY, HSQC-TOCSY, HSQC, ROESY or NOESY, and HMBC) spectroscopic data and mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS), and by comparison with those of related metabolites. All saponins possess a partial sequence rhamnopyranosyl-(1 â†’ 2)-xylopyranosyl or rhamnopyranosyl-(1 â†’ 2)-arabinopyranosyl- at C-3 of the aglycon and a gentiobiose unit at C-28. These results represent a contribution to the knowledge of the saponins of Scabiosa species and their chemotaxonomy.

Chemical constituents of Genista numidica Spach aerial parts and their antimicrobial, antioxidant and antityrosinase activities.

A previously undescribed triterpenoid saponin, 3-O-[α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-{ß-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-}ß-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-ß-d-glucuronopyranosyl]-sophoradiol (1), in addition to twenty-nine known constituents (2-30) were isolated from the aerial parts of Genista numidica Spach. Structures elucidation was performed by comprehensive 1D- and 2D-NMR analyses and HRESIMS. The extracts, fractions and isolated compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial, antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities. The experimental findings indicated that genistin (16), isosalipurpol (27), and koaburaside (29) have moderate to low antibacterial activity against E. faecalis, S. aureus, S. epidermidis and P. aeruginosa bacteria with MICs ranging from 31.2 to 125 µg/mL. Compounds 19 and 27 exhibited a good antiradical activity potential (IC50 11.8 and 11.1 µg/mL, respectively). Only compounds 23, 27 and 28 exhibited low inhibitory effect against mushroom tyrosinase (IC50 from 90.2 to 225.6 µg/mL).

Triterpenes from Salvia argentea var. aurasiaca and their antibacterial and cytotoxic activities.

Five undescribed ursane-type triterpenes, identified as 1ß,3ß,15α-trihydroxy-urs-9(11)-12-diene (1), 1ß,3ß,15α,28-tetrahydroxy-urs-9(11),12-diene (2), 1ß,3ß-dihydroxy-urs-9(11),12-dien-28-al (3), 1ß,3ß,7ß,15α,28-pentahydroxy-urs-12-ene (4), and 1ß,3ß,15α-trihydroxy-urs-11-en-28-al (5), together with five known compounds (6-10), were isolated from the acetone extract of the dried aerial parts of Salvia argentea L. var. aurasiaca (Pomel) Batt. et Trab. (Lamiaceae). Structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis including HR-ESI-MS, 1D- and 2D-NMR techniques and comparison with literature data. The antibacterial evaluation of compounds 1-10 of the acetone extract of the dried aerial parts, in addition to nine compounds (11-19) previously isolated from the extract of the fresh aerial parts, by bioautography on Staphylococcus aureus followed by the determination of MIC values of active compounds by serial dilution technique against five bacteria, revealed that two compounds have an antibacterial effect comparable to antibiotics. The cytotoxic activity evaluation of compounds 1-19 showed that Six compounds exhibited an antiproliferative activity against K562 and HT1080 cells with IC50 values ranging from 30.25 to 70.32 µM.

Triterpenoid saponins from Scabiosa stellata collected in North-eastern Algeria.

Eight undescribed triterpenoid saponins, scabiostellatosides A-H, together with three known compounds were isolated from the whole plant of Scabiosa stellata L. Their structures were established by spectroscopic analyses (1D, 2D-NMR and HRESIMS) and chemical methods. Scabiostellatosides A-H were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against human fibrosarcoma cell line (HT1080). Scabiostellatoside F, a heptasaccharide derivative of oleanolic acid, exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against HT1080 cell line with IC50 value of 12.0 µM.

A new 2-alkylhydroquinone glucoside from Phagnalon saxatile (L.) Cass.

A new 2-alkylhydroquinone glucoside, 1-O-ß-d-glucopyranosyl-1,4-dihydroxy-2-((E) 2-oxo-3-butenyl)benzene (1), in addition to nine known compounds were isolated from the aerial parts of Phagnalon saxatile (L.) Cass. (Asteraceae). Their structures were identified based on spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR, mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS), UV spectral analyses and by comparison with literature data. The cytotoxic activity of three isolated compounds (1-3) was evaluated against fibrosarcoma (HT1080), human lung cancer (A549) and breast cancer (MCF7) cell lines.

Antibacterial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of triterpenes and flavonoids from the aerial parts of Salvia barrelieri Etl.

From the aerial parts of Salvia barrelieri Etl. (Lamiaceae), 12 compounds including a new triterpene, 3ß-acetoxy-olean-18-ene-2α-ol, were isolated. Their structures were established by the combination analyses of spectroscopy including 1D-, 2D-NMR and HRESIMS and in comparison with the reported data in the literature. The antibacterial activity of these compounds was evaluated by bioautography on Staphylococcus aureus followed by the determination of MIC values by serial dilution technique against five bacteria. Three compounds were active against Enterococcus faecalis, S. aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC 15.1 to 125 µg/mL). Two compounds showed moderate DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC50 79.1 and 21.2 µg/mL). These compounds did not show significant tyrosinase inhibitory activities (IC50> 1.5 mg/mL). Their cytotoxic activity was evaluated against promyelocytic leukaemia (HL60), human erythromyeloblastoid leukaemia (K562) and fibrosarcoma (HT1080) cell lines and four compounds exhibited a moderate cytotoxic activity (IC50 28.75 to 85.0 µM).

Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of aerial parts of Ferula longipes Coss. ex Bonnier and Maury.

This is the first study on the phytochemistry and antioxidant activity of Ferula longipes Coss. ex Bonnier and Maury (Apiaceae). A new flavonoid quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside-7-O-ß-D-[2-O-caffeoyl]-glucopyranoside (1), along with 10 known compounds kaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (2), quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (3), kaempferol-3-O-ß-D-glucopyranoside-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (4), isorhamnetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside-7-O-ß-D-glucopyranoside (5), quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside-7-O-ß-D-glucopyranoside (6), isorhamnetin-3,7-di-O-ß-D-glucopyranoside (7), apigenin (8), apigenin-7-O-ß-D-glucopyranoside (9), 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (10), deltoin (11) were isolated from the aerial parts of Ferula longipes Coss. Structures elucidation was performed by comprehensive 1D and 2D NMR analyses, mass spectrometry and by comparison with literature data. The compounds 1, 3, 4, 6, 7 and 10 were evaluated for their antioxidant activity, compound 1 exhibited the best antiradical activity potential and showed IC50 and A0.5 values 5.70, 7.25, 5.00, and 2.63 µg/mL towards DPPH free radical-scavenging, ABTS, CUPRAC, and reducing power assays, respectively compared with BHA, BHT and ascorbic acid which were used as positive controls.

Two new bis-iridoids isolated from Scabiosa stellata and their antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase and cytotoxic activities.

This study presents the chemical profile investigation of a 70% ethanol extract obtained from Scabiosa stellata, a medicinal herbaceous traditionally used to treat heel cracks. A 13C NMR-based dereplication methodology was firstly applied on centrifugal partition chromatography-generated fractions in order to quickly identify the major compounds of the extract. The dereplication process was then completed by semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography in order to identify unknown or minor compounds. Two new bis-iridoids, namely 7-O-caffeoyl-sylvestroside I (1) and 7-O-(p-coumaroyl)-sylvestroside I (2), together with ten known compounds (3-12) were isolated. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including NMR and HR-ESI-MS. The antibacterial, anti-tyrosinase and DPPH radical scavenging activities of the crude extract, fractions, and isolated compounds were evaluated. A significant antibacterial activity was observed for nine isolated compounds, particularly 1 and 2 which yielded MIC values of 31.2µg/mL against Enterococcus faecalis and 62.5µg/mL against Staphylococcus epidermidis. The cytotoxic activity of these new bis-iridoids was evaluated on a fibrosarcoma cell line (HT1080) and only compound 1 exhibited a moderate cytotoxic activity (IC50 35.9µg/mL).

Diterpenoids and triterpenoids from Euphorbia guyoniana.

Two new compounds with tigliane and cycloartane skeletons: 4,12-dideoxy(4alpha)phorbol-13-hexadecanoate (1) and 24-methylenecycloartane-3,28-diol (2), respectively, in addition of four known diterpenoids and 13 triterpenoids: 3-benzoyloxy-5,15-diacetoxy-9,14-dioxojatropha-6(17),11-diene (4), ent-abieta-8(14),13(15)-dien-16,12-olide (5), ent-8alpha,14alpha-epoxyabieta-11,13(15)-dien-16,12-olide (6), ent-3-hydroxyatis-16(17)-ene-2,14-dione (7), 3beta-hydroxytaraxer-14-en-28-oic acid (8), beta-sitosteryl-3beta-glucopyranoside-6'-O-palmitate (9), multiflorenyl acetate (10), multiflorenyl palmitate (11), peplusol (12), 24-methylenecycloartanol (3), lanosterol (13), euferol (14), butyrospermol (15), cycloartenol (16), obtusifoliol (17), cycloeucalenol (18) and beta-sitosterol (19), were isolated from the roots of Euphorbia guyoniana. Their structures were established on the basis of physical and spectroscopic analysis, including 1D and 2D homo- and heteronuclear NMR experiments (COSY, HSQC, HMBC and NOESY) and by comparison with the literature data.

A new sulfonylated flavonoid and other bioactive compounds isolated from the aerial parts of Cotula anthemoides L.

A new sulfonyl flavonol glucoside, 5,7,4',5'-tetrahydoxyflavonol 2'-[propanoic acid-(2″'-acetoxy-1″'-sulfonyl)]-5'-O-ß-d-glucopyranoside (1) was isolated from the aerial parts of Cotula anthemoides L. in addition to 15 known compounds (2-16). The structure elucidation of these compounds was based on analyses of spectroscopic data including 1D-, 2D-NMR and HR-ESI-MS techniques and by comparing their NMR data with those reported in the literature. These compounds were evaluated for their DPPH radical scavenging and tyrosinase inhibitory activity. Compound 6 showed a high DPPH radical scavenging with EC50 value of 9.1 ± 0.4 µM. Compound 11, 9 and 1 exhibited a mild tyrosinase inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 85 ± 0.8, 95 ± 1.5 and 100 ± 0.5 µM, respectively.

Isolation and characterisation of cytotoxic compounds from Euphorbia clementei Boiss.

A new phorbol-type diterpene ester, 4,20-dideoxy-4α-phorbol-12ß-acetate-13α-isobutyrate, in addition to 11 known compounds were isolated from the latex and roots of Euphorbia clementei Boiss. Structure elucidation was performed by comprehensive 1D and 2D NMR analyses (1H and 13C NMR, COSY, ROESY, HSQC and HMBC experiments), mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS) and by comparison with literature data. The inhibitory activity of all isolated compounds was evaluated against promyelocytic leukemia HL60 and human erythromyeloblastoid leukemia K562 cell lines and seven of these compounds exhibited a weak cytotoxicity with IC50 values ranging from 40 to 97 µM.