ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND/AIMS: To date, no data is available about procalcitonin (PCT) levels and its relevance to morbidity and graft function in the early phase after pediatric liver transplantation (pLTx). The aim of this study was to analyse the prognostic relevance of early postoperative PCT elevations in pediatric liver recipients. METHODOLOGY: Thirty pediatric patients who underwent 32 liver transplantations were included into this observational single-center study. RESULTS: Patients with high PCT levels on postoperative day (POD) 2 had higher International Normalized Ratio values on POD 5 (p<0.05) and suffered more often from primary graft non-function (p<0.05). They also had a longer stay in the pediatric intensive care unit (p<0.01) and on mechanical ventilation (p=0.001). There was no correlation between PCT elevation and systemic infection. However, PCT levels were correlated with peak serum lactate levels immediately after graft reperfusion and elevation of serum aminotransferases on POD 1 (r2=0.61, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: High levels of PCT after pLTx are an early indicator of poor postoperative outcome and may reflect ischemia induced liver cell injury within the context of an ischemia- reperfusion injury.
Subject(s)
Calcitonin/blood , Liver Transplantation/adverse effects , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Protein Precursors/blood , Adolescent , Age Factors , Alanine Transaminase/blood , Aspartate Aminotransferases/blood , Biomarkers/blood , Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide , Child , Child, Preschool , Germany , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Intensive Care Units, Pediatric , International Normalized Ratio , Lactic Acid/blood , Length of Stay , Liver Transplantation/mortality , Male , Postoperative Complications/blood , Postoperative Complications/diagnosis , Postoperative Complications/mortality , Postoperative Complications/therapy , Primary Graft Dysfunction/blood , Primary Graft Dysfunction/etiology , Reperfusion Injury/blood , Reperfusion Injury/etiology , Respiration, Artificial , Risk Factors , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome , Up-RegulationABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Despite hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia being frequently observed in the early postoperative phase, information on glucose metabolism after pediatric liver transplantation (pLT) is scarce. METHODS: The goal of this retrospective single-center study, which included 46 patients who consecutively underwent 55 liver transplantations, was to gather data on glucose uptake, the prognostic relevance of hyperglycemia, and the safety of insulin administration in patients after pLT. RESULTS: In this study population, glucose intake to keep blood sugar levels (BSLs) within the targeted range of 120 to 200 mg/dL (6.7-11.1 mmol/L) increased rapidly over the first few postoperative days and was significantly correlated with graft function. There was no association between a postoperative daily mean BSL >200 mg/dL and specific posttransplant complications (acute rejection, infection, need for retransplantation, and/or death). High postoperative mean 7-day BSLs were associated with poor glucose metabolism and an increase in morbidity and 6-month posttransplant mortality. Hypoglycemia was not observed under insulin administration. CONCLUSIONS: With high BSLs being associated with poor glucose metabolism, it is likely that the critical illness itself, in addition to poor graft function, causes the increase in morbidity and mortality, with hyperglycemia serving as a marker.
Subject(s)
Blood Glucose/metabolism , Hyperglycemia/complications , Liver Transplantation , Child , Critical Illness , Female , Humans , Hyperglycemia/drug therapy , Infant , Insulin/administration & dosage , Liver Transplantation/mortality , Male , Postoperative Period , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
In the early phase after pediatric liver transplantation (pLT) several concomitant factors may reduce the performance of established sepsis markers. To date, their clinical interpretation is hindered by a lack of information on their postoperative kinetics. To gather more information on the postoperative course and their changes in bacterial sepsis, we prospectively studied C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and procalcitonin (PCT) on 9 perioperative days in 25 consecutive pLTs. After an initial postoperative peak, IL-6 and CRP levels significantly re-increased in patients with bacterial sepsis (P < .001). In contrast, PCT had very high postoperative levels; therefore severe infection was a comparatively inferior trigger for PCT elevation compared with the initial operation. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve to diagnose postoperative sepsis for PCT was only 0.52, compared with 0.95 for IL-6 and 0.89 for CRP. None of the studied biomarkers were depressed by poor graft function. In conclusion, PCT performs poorly as a biomarker for sepsis in the early phase after pLT. With a rapid decline of initially elevated levels, IL-6 provides the best kinetics for detection of postoperative bacterial sepsis.