Preventive Effect of CPP-ACPF Paste and Fluoride Toothpastes Against Erosion and Erosion Plus Abrasion In Vitro - A 3D Profilometric Analysis.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of CPP-ACPF paste and fluoride toothpastes on enamel subjected to erosion and erosion plus abrasion in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 220 human enamel blocks were divided into eleven groups (n = 20): CPP-ACPF paste (MPP), potassium nitrate/sodium fluoride toothpaste (PE), sodium fluoride toothpaste (FD), fluoride-free toothpaste (SO) and control (erosion only with no paste or toothpastes; CO) according to the experimental design: erosion or erosion plus abrasion immediately after erosion (ERO+I-ABR) or 30 min after erosion (ERO+30min-ABR). For 5 days, the specimens were subjected to: (1) erosive challenge (EC) (cola drink, 4 x 5 min/day), topical application of the undiluted paste or diluted toothpastes (1:2 w/w) (4 x 1 min/ day) plus 1 h in artificial saliva (AS) between cycles and overnight; or (2) EC plus abrasion (4 x /60 s/day) performed with the diluted toothpastes (no MMP) plus 1 h in AS between cycles and overnight. Erosion depth was quantified through a 3D profilometer. Data were analysed using Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests (p = 0.05). RESULTS: CPP-ACPF paste and NaF toothpaste showed lowest enamel wear among groups and reduced tissue loss by 89% in erosion challenge. Abrasion led to higher enamel wear than erosion only (p = 0.030). ERO+30min-ABR had no protective effect when compared to ERO+I-ABR (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: A high frequency of CPP-ACPF paste application (4x daily) is effective in reducing the effects of erosion. A waiting period before performing toothbrushing does not protect enamel against erosion regardless the composition of the toothpastes.

Evaluation of the effects of the bonding agent on acid-etched human enamel demineralization: in situ study.

This in situ study evaluated the influence of the bonding agent on demineralization of acid-etched human enamel. Enamel blocks obtained from 20 human molars (four blocks per tooth) were divided into five groups. For the control groups, healthy control (HC, no treatment) and acid-etched control (EC, etching with 35 per cent phosphoric acid for 20 seconds), the specimens were obtained by sectioning in half, one block from each tooth. For the experimental groups, experimental etched group (EE), experimental Concise™ group (CE), and experimental Transbond™ group (TE), all specimens were etched with 35 per cent phosphoric acid for 20 seconds (EE) and treated with Concise™ enamel bond (CE) and Transbond™ XT primer (TE). Specimens from the experimental groups were fixed at intra-oral appliances wore by 10 volunteers and exposed to oral environment. After 28 days, the specimens were sectioned in the mesial-distal direction and the enamel cross-sectional Knoop hardness number (KHN, 50 g, 15 seconds) was measured at the cervical and occlusal regions at 25, 50, and 75 µm from the enamel surfaces. Data were analysed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey honestly significantly different test for multiple comparisons (α = 0.05). Enamel KHN (P < 0.05) was recovered only in the Concise-treated group (CE; P < 0.05). When considering depth measurements, KHN results were 25 > 50 > 75 µm (P < 0.05). None of the groups exposed to the intra-oral environment for 28 days have recovered completely the enamel microhardness, but the order of improvement was better in the CE group than the TE group, the latter being only slightly better than the EE group.

Effect of fluoride dentifrice and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate cream with and without fluoride in preventing enamel demineralization in a pH cyclic study.

OBJECTIVE: Casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) complexes are anticariogenic and capable of remineralizing the early stages of enamel lesions. The use of fluoride prevents dental decay and the association of CPP-ACP with fluoride can increase remineralization. To evaluate the effect of CPP-ACP and CPP-ACPF creams associated with a fluoride dentifrice to prevent enamel demineralization in a pH cyclic model. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Previously selected by surface microhardness (SH) analysis, human enamel blocks (n = 56) were submitted to daily treatment with dentifrice in a pH-cycling model. The enamel blocks were divided into four groups; G1: Crest™ Cavity Protection - Procter & Gamble (1,100 ppmF of NaF); G2: Crest™ +MI Paste (MP) - Recaldent™ GC Corporation Tokyo, Japan); G3: Crest™ + MI Paste Plus (MPP) - Recaldent™ 900 ppm as NaF, GC Corporation Tokyo, Japan), and G4: control, saliva. Specimens were soaked alternatively in a demineralizing solution and in artificial saliva for 5 d. The fluoride dentifrice, with proportion of 1:3 (w/w), was applied three times for 60 s after the remineralization period. The undiluted MP and MPP creams were applied for 3 m/d. After cycling, SH was re-measured and cross section microhardness measurements were taken. RESULTS: The SH values observed for the groups G3 (257±70), G1 (205±70), and G2 (208±84) differed from the G4 group (98±110) (one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test). There were no differences between the groups G1xG2, G2xG3, and G1xG3 for demineralization inhibition. The percentage of volume mineral showed that, when applied with fluoride dentifrice, MPP was the most effective in preventing enamel demineralization at 50 µ from the outer enamel surface (Kruskal-Wallis and Mann Whitney p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Fluoride dentifrice associated with CPP-ACPF inhibited subsurface enamel demineralization.

Influence of biofilm formation on the mechanical properties of enamel after treatment with CPP-ACP crème.

The study aimed to investigate the effects of bacterial biofilms on changes in the surface microhardness of enamel treated with casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) with and without fluoride. Human enamel blocks with incipient caries-like lesions were divided into four groups of 13: G1: Saliva (Control); G2: fluoride dentifrice (Crest™, 1100 ppm as NaF); G3: CPP-ACP (MI Paste; Recaldent™); and G4: CPP-ACPF (MI Paste Plus; Recaldent™ 900 ppm as NaF). The specimens were soaked in demineralizing solution for 6 h and remineralized in artificial saliva for 18 h alternately for 10 days. The dentifrice was prepared with deionized water in a 1 : 3 ratio (w/w) or applied undiluted in the case of the CPP-ACP group. The surface microhardness (SMH) was evaluated at baseline, after artificial caries, after pH cycling and treatment with dentifrices, and after incubation in media with Streptococcus mutans for biofilm formation. The biofilms were exposed once a day to 2% sucrose and the biofilm viability was measured by MTT reduction. The percentage of change in surface microhardness (%SMHC) was calculated for each block. The data were analyzed by nonparametric test comparisons (α = 0.05). The %SMHC values observed in G2 were different from those of G1, G3, and G4 (p < 0.05). After biofilm formation, %SMHC was positive in G2 and G4 when compared to G1 and G3, but resistance to demineralization after biofilm formation was similar in all groups. In conclusion, the presence of biofilms did not influence the treatment outcomes of anticaries products.

Influence of biofilm formation on the mechanical properties of enamel after treatment with CPP-ACP crème

Abstract: The study aimed to investigate the effects of bacterial biofilms on changes in the surface microhardness of enamel treated with casein phosphopeptide—amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) with and without fluoride. Human enamel blocks with incipient caries-like lesions were divided into four groups of 13: G1: Saliva (Control); G2: fluoride dentifrice (Crest™, 1100 ppm as NaF); G3: CPP-ACP (MI Paste; Recaldent™); and G4: CPP-ACPF (MI Paste Plus; Recaldent™ 900 ppm as NaF). The specimens were soaked in demineralizing solution for 6 h and remineralized in artificial saliva for 18 h alternately for 10 days. The dentifrice was prepared with deionized water in a 1 : 3 ratio (w/w) or applied undiluted in the case of the CPP-ACP group. The surface microhardness (SMH) was evaluated at baseline, after artificial caries, after pH cycling and treatment with dentifrices, and after incubation in media with Streptococcus mutans for biofilm formation. The biofilms were exposed once a day to 2% sucrose and the biofilm viability was measured by MTT reduction. The percentage of change in surface microhardness (%SMHC) was calculated for each block. The data were analyzed by nonparametric test comparisons (α = 0.05). The %SMHC values observed in G2 were different from those of G1, G3, and G4 (p < 0.05). After biofilm formation, %SMHC was positive in G2 and G4 when compared to G1 and G3, but resistance to demineralization after biofilm formation was similar in all groups. In conclusion, the presence of biofilms did not influence the treatment outcomes of anticaries products.

Effect of fluoride dentifrice and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate cream with and without fluoride in preventing enamel demineralization in a pH cyclic study

Abstract Casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) complexes are anticariogenic and capable of remineralizing the early stages of enamel lesions. The use of fluoride prevents dental decay and the association of CPP-ACP with fluoride can increase remineralization. Objective: To evaluate the effect of CPP-ACP and CPP-ACPF creams associated with a fluoride dentifrice to prevent enamel demineralization in a pH cyclic model. Material and Methods: Previously selected by surface microhardness (SH) analysis, human enamel blocks (n = 56) were submitted to daily treatment with dentifrice in a pH-cycling model. The enamel blocks were divided into four groups; G1: Crest™ Cavity Protection - Procter & Gamble (1,100 ppmF of NaF); G2: Crest™ +MI Paste (MP) - Recaldent™ GC Corporation Tokyo, Japan); G3: Crest™ + MI Paste Plus (MPP) - Recaldent™ 900 ppm as NaF, GC Corporation Tokyo, Japan), and G4: control, saliva. Specimens were soaked alternatively in a demineralizing solution and in artificial saliva for 5 d. The fluoride dentifrice, with proportion of 1:3 (w/w), was applied three times for 60 s after the remineralization period. The undiluted MP and MPP creams were applied for 3 m/d. After cycling, SH was re-measured and cross section microhardness measurements were taken. Results: The SH values observed for the groups G3 (257±70), G1 (205±70), and G2 (208±84) differed from the G4 group (98±110) (one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test). There were no differences between the groups G1xG2, G2xG3, and G1xG3 for demineralization inhibition. The percentage of volume mineral showed that, when applied with fluoride dentifrice, MPP was the most effective in preventing enamel demineralization at 50 µ from the outer enamel surface (Kruskal-Wallis and Mann Whitney p<0.05). Conclusion: Fluoride dentifrice associated with CPP-ACPF inhibited subsurface enamel demineralization.

Avaliação do atendimento clínico às crianças portadoras de anemia falciforme pelos odontopediatras do município do Rio de Janeiro, RJ / Evaluation of the clinical care of children eith sickle cell anemia by pediatric dentists from Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brazil

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar, através de questionários, o atendimento clínico às crianças portadoras de anemia falciforme pelos odontopediatras do município do Rio de Janeiro – RJ. Foram distribuídos 300 questionários para odontopediatras escolhidos aleatoriamente dentre os especialistas inscritos no CRO-RJ. Destes, somente 48 profissionais foram devolvidos, sendo então os dados obtidos analisados estatisticamente de forma descritiva. Dos 48 profissionais respondentes, apenas 18 (37,5%) receberam informações em seus cursos de pós-graduação sobre anemia falciforme: somente 4 (8,33%) já atenderam pacientes com esta discrasia sanguínea em seus consultórios, mas cerca de 42 (87,5%) atenderiam se tivessem oportunidade. Os 6 (12,5%) odontopediatras que não atenderiam, não o fariam por falta de conhecimento e encaminhariam os pacientes para hospitais universitários, faculdades de odontologia e para o HEMORIO.

The aim of this study was evaluate, by means of a questionnaire, the clinical care of children with sickle cell anemia by pediatric dentists from Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. It was sent 300 questionnaires to pediatric dentists selected by random among specialists registered as CRO-RJ. Only 48 questionnaires returned, and data obtained were statistically analyzed by descriptive method. From 48 professionals who answered the questions, only 18 (37,5%) received information about sickle cell anemia in their post graduation courses; only 4 (8,33%) had already treated patients with this disease in their dental offices, but 42 (87,5%) would treat them if they had a chance. The six (12,5%) pediatric dentists that would not treat these patients, the reason presented was lack of knowledge on the subject and they would refer the patients to university hospitals, dental schools and HEMORIO.

Heterocontrole da fluoretação da água de abastecimento público em Niterói, RJ, Brasil, no período de novembro de 2008 a março de 2009 / External control over the fluoridation of the public water supply in Niterói, RJ, Brazil, from November 2008 to March 2009

O objetivo do estudo foi realizar o heterocontrole da fluoretação da água de abastecimento público em Niterói, no período de novembro de 2008 a março de 2009. Foram definidos 11 locais para a coleta das amostras de água de acordo com a divisão administrativa de Niterói, incluindo Unidades Básicas de Saúde, Policlínicas e Programas Médicos de Família da Rede Física de Saúde. As coletas mensais foram triplicadas totalizando 165 análises, coletadas diretamente das torneiras e analisadas no Laboratório de Química Analítica da UFF, pelo método eletrométrico, com um eletrodo íon-seletivo para fluoreto. A média do teor de flúor encontrado foi considerado ótimo ( 0,8 mg/L F-) com oscilações de 0,48 e 0,95 mg/ F-. Observou-se variabilidade e descontinuidade na concentração de flúor aplicada na Estação de Tratamento e que chega às torneiras dos bairros em que é disponibilizada para a população. Reitera-se a importância da inclusão do monitoramento da fluoretação nas águas de abastecimento público de Niterói na política de vigilância sanitária, que não dispõe atualmente desse processo.

The aim of the study was to perform an external control over the fluoridation of the public water supply in Niterói, from the period of November 2008 to March 2009. Eleven locations were defined for the collection of the water samples, according to the administrative division of Niterói, including Basic Health Units, Policlinics and Family Doctor Programs. The monthly collections were tripled giving a total of 165 analyses, collected right from the taps and analyzed in the Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of UFF, by means of the electrometer method, using an ion-selective electrode for fluoride. The average content of fluorine found was considered as optimum (0,8 mg/L F-) with oscillations of 0,48 and 0,95 mg/L F-. It was observed variability and discontinuity in the fluoride concentration applied in the water supply that arrives at the taps, where it is available for the population. This study reiterates the importance of the inclusion of an external control over the fluoridation of the public water supply in Niterói in the health policy, which not currently has this process.

Manifestações bucais da toxoplasmose congênita: relato de caso / Oral manifestations of congenital toxoplasmosis: case report

A toxoplasmose congênita é uma parasitose de alta prevalência no Brasil e no mundo, sendo causada pelo protozoário Toxoplasma gondii. No Brasil, a incidência encontra-se na faixa entre 50% e 80%. O protozoário é transmitido ao homem pela ingestão de carne crua ou mal cozida de animais ou através de oocistos infecciosos existentes nas fezes de pássaros e gatos que contaminam o solo e a água e, mais raramente, através de transfusões sanguíneas, transplantes e acidentes de laboratório. A proposta deste artigo é apresentar um relato de caso clínico de toxoplasmose congênita em uma criança de 10 anos de idade atendida na Clínica de Odontopediatria da FO/UFF e, assim, orientar profissionais a reconhecerem os sinais da doença, enfatizando a importância do Odontopediatra na prevenção e tratamento das lesões encontradas nos pacientes acometidos pela patologia.

Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease which has a high prevalence in Brazil and in the resto f the world, being transmitted by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii. Its incidence in Brazil is 50% to 80%. The protozoan is transmitted to humans by ingestion of raw or poorly cooked animal meat or by infected oocysts presented in birds and cats feces which contaminate the soil and water and, more rarely, by blood transfusions, transplants and Laboratory accidents. The proposal of this article is to present a case report of congenital toxoplasmosis affecting a ten - year – old child that was attended at FO/UFF and, thus, guide professionals to recognize the signals of the illness, emphasizing the importance of the pedontist in preventing and treating the lesions found in patients with this pathology.

Síndrome de Silver-Russell: relato de caso clínico / Silver-Russell syndrome: case report

A Síndrome de Silver-Russell (SSR) é uma patologia que apresenta heterogeneidade etiológica. Estudos têm demonstrado várias alterações cromossômicas correlacionadas ao fenótipo desta síndrome. Sua incidência varia de 1 caso em 3.000 nascimentos a 1 caso em 100.000 nascimentos. A SSR tem como principais características, o retardo no crescimento intra-uterino e pós-natal, assimetria corporal, idade óssea inferior, face triangular e baixa estatura persistindo até a idade adulta, entre outros. Em relação às manifestações intra-orais, destacam-se a micrognatia com palato duro ogival, língua sulcada e a microdontia. O objetivo do presente trabalho é apresentar um caso clínico de uma paciente com Síndrome de Silver-Russell atendida na clínica de Odontopediatria da FO/UFF, com a finalidade de alertar os cirurgiões-dentistas quanto à importância do tratamento precoce desses pacientes, devido aos problemas bucais associados, que os mesmos apresentam.

The Silver-Russell Syndrome (SRS) is a condition that presents a heterogenic etiology. Studies showed several chromosomal alterations correlated to the phenotype of this syndrome. Its incidence varies from 1 case in 3.000 births to 1 case in 100.000 births. The SRS main characteristics are the intrauterine and postnatal growth delay, body asymmetry, lower bone age, triangular shape face and short stature, which persists until adulthood. As intraoral characteristics, narrow hard palate associated with micrognathia, fissured tongue and microdontia can be observed. The purpose of this study is to present a case report of a child with Silver-Russell Syndrome attended at the FO/UFF, with the aim of warning the dentists about the importance of the early treatment of these patients, because of the oral problems associated with the disease.

Anomalias dentárias em crianças: um estudo radiográfico / Dental anomalies in children: a radiographic survey

O estudo abrangeu a identificaçäo das anomalias dentárias mais freqüentes observadas através da análise radiográfica de 324 pacientes (04-12 anos), de ambos os sexos, atendidos na FO-UFF entre 1992 e 1996, relacionado-as com sexo, localizaçäo, tipo de tratamento realizado e complicaçöes associadas. Uma prevalência de 11,4 por cento foi observada, afetando crianças de 08 a 11 anos, sem diferença entre os sexos. A anomalia de número foi a mais encontrada (6,5 por cento), com a regiäo ântero-superior concentrando a maioria dos casos (46 por cento). As complicaçöes associadas mais comuns foram impactaçäo (41 por cento), perda de espaço (36 por cento), giroversäo (18 por cento) e desvio do trajeto eruptivo (5 por cento). A maior porcentagem dos casos foi tratada cirurgicamente com posterior tratamento ortodôntico (48,7 por cento). Enfatiza-se a importância do uso da radiografia no disgnóstico precoce dessas anomalias em crianças

Hipoplasia de esmalte: tratamento com facetas estéticas e coroas de aço / Enamel hypoplasia: treatment with esthetic facets and steel crowns

Os autores fazem uma breve revisão da literatura sobre hipoplasia de esmalte e apresentam e discutem um caso clínico de reabilitação estética e funcional em um paciente afetado pela anomalia

Amamentaçäo no peito e cárie dentária: revisäo da literatura e relato de caso clínico / Breast feeding and dental caries: literature review and clinical case report

Este trabalho tem como objetivo enfocar o aparecimento de cáries em crianças muito jovens, devido a amamentaçäo no peito. Faz-se uma breve revisäo da literatura sobre o assunto e apresenta-se um caso clínico, atendido no Departamento de Odontopediatria e Ortodontia da FO-UFRJ

Anquilose precose de segundo molar decíduo inferior: relato de um caso / Ankylosis premature of second molar lower deciduous: case related

Os autores apresentam um caso clínico de anquilose precoce envolvendo o segundo molar decíduo inferior esquerdo, em uma criança de três anos de idade atendida no Departamento de Odontopediatria e Ortodontia da FO/UFRJ, fazendo uma breve revisäo da literatura

Prevalência de gengivite em crianças / Children gingivits prevalence

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a prevalência e severidade da doença gengival em 120 crianças de ambos os sexos na faixa etária de 4 a 12 anos atendidas na Clínica de Odontopediatria da FO/Niterói/RJ, utilizando-se o Índice de Sangramento Gengival (ISG). Os seguintes resultados foram encontrados: 1) A prevalência de doença gengival foi de 83,3 por cento, com maior prevalência na faixa etária de 11 a 12 anos; 2) A gengivite suave foi a mais observada (55 por cento); 3) No sexo masculino, os tipos moderado (19,4 por cento) e severo (9 por cento) tiveram maior prevalência do que no sexo feminino; 4) Foi constatada uma correlaçäo entre gengivite e índice de higiene oral P < 0,01; 5) Após 6 e 12 meses, observou-se uma melhora no ISG da ordem de 55,3 por cento entre os meninos e de 44,5 nas meninas; 6) As diferenças encontradas em relaçäo ao sexo foram significativas antes de estabelecido o programa, mas näo foi estatisticamente significante após o mesmo

O tabagismo na gravidez e a ocorrência de fissuras orais em bebês: uma possível associação? / Maternal cigarette smoking and oral clefts in babies: a possible association?

As autoras fazem uma revisão da literatura, abordando a possível associação entre o fumo materno durante a gravidez e o risco de ter uma criança não sindrômica com fissura labial/palatina

Cárie de mamadeira: recuperação estética e funcional / Nursing bottle caries: esthetic and functional recovery

Os autores fazem uma breve revisão da literatura sobre a síndrome de "cárie de mamadeira", abordando a etiologia e os meios preventivos para evitar-se o seu aparecimento. Enfatizam a responsabilidade profissional quanto à orientação dos pais e finalmente apresentam e discutem um caso clínico

Contribuiçäo ao estudo da anquilose de molares decíduos em crianças e sua relaçäo com os dentes permanentes sucessores / Contribution for study of the ankylosis of molars deciduous in children and it's relations with the permanent successors teeth

O presente estudo visou identificar a prevalência de anquilose de molares decíduos em 3.775 pacientes de 4 a 12 anos de idade, relacionando-a com: sexo, número de dentes afetados por paciente, dente, arco e hemiarco, grau de infra-oclusäo, anodontia, alteraçöes no grau de formaçäo radicular e padräo de erupçäo do sucessor e tratamentos indicados relacionados com dente e grau de infra-oclusäo. Os pacientes, de ambos os sexos, foram atendidos na clínica de odontopediatria da FO-UFRJ entre os anos de 1981 e 1990

Anquilose e reabsorçäo radicular / Ankylosis and root resorption

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar os efeitos da anquilose na reabsorçäo radicular dos molares decíduos envolvidos comparada com a dos dentes näo-anquilosados, de acordo com o sexo e o tipo de molar decíduo afetado. Foram avaliadas 58 crianças com idade entre 04 e 12 anos que possuíssem um molar decíduo inferior anquilosado (mínimo de 1mm de infra-oclusäo) e um molar contralateral homólogo näo afetado. O grau de reabsorçäo radicular do dente anquilosado e do homólogo foi avaliado através de radiografia periapical. Os dados obtidos demonstraram diferença estatisticamente significativa (p < 0,05) na reabsorçäo radicular apenas em relaçäo à raiz mesial dos 1§ molares decíduos inferiores no sexo feminino, quando comparada à da raiz mesial do molar contralateral normal. Portanto, conclui-se que, o processo de anquilose em molares decíduos näo atrasa a reabsorçäo radicular dos mesmos, näo devendo entäo, estes dentes serem extraídos desnecessariamente

Hiperplasia Fibrosa Inflamatória / Inflammatory fibrous hiperplasia

As autoras apresentam um caso de hiperplasia fibrosa do tipo inflamatória localizada na papila vestibular interdentária na regiäo dos elementos dentários 61 e 62, afetando uma criança do sexo feminino, de 4 anos de idade, atendida na Clínica de Odontopediatria da FO/UFF. Abordam também aspectos clínicos, histológicos e o tratamento da condiçäo