[Upper digestive bleedings after cardiac surgery]. / Hémorragies digestives hautes après chirurgie cardiaque.

INTRODUCTION: Upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage (UGH) following cardiac surgery is infrequent with high mortality. The aim of this study is to compare the frequency and outcome of UGH in patients who had undergone open heart surgery at our institution. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From January 1994 to December 2005, 1278 cardiac operations were performed. A systematic prophylaxis antiacid was used by antagonists of histaminic receptor (anti-H2, ranitidine 150 mg/12 h) in all patients. The diagnosis was based on clinical symptoms (haematemesis and/or melaena) in the postoperative period and confirmed by fibroscopy. We conducted a retrospective study of these patients. RESULTS: Only 8 of the 1278 (0,6%) cardiac operations were complicated by UGH. Demographic data were reported in Table 1. The mean interval between surgery and UGH was 10+/-3,7 days (range 5,15 days). Gastro-duodenal ulcer was the most common cause of UGH in 5 patients (62%), ulcero-hemorrhagic eosophagitis was developed in one patient (12,5%), candidosic eosophagitis in one and multiple gastric ulcer in one patient (12,5%). Medical treatment was applied in 6 patients (72%) with successful result. Surgical intervention was necessary in 2 patients (25%). 2 patients had repeat gastrointestinal bleeding. One patient was died; he was recorded as having severe sepsis and multiple organ failure in addition to UGH. CONCLUSION: UGH in patients undergoing heart operation is rare but associated with poor prognosis despite antiacid prophylaxis. These complications occurred in patients who had in postoperative bad hemodynamic conditions.

[Tranexamic acid versus aprotinin for the prevention of bleeding during mitral valve surgery ]. / Prévention du saignement dans la chirurgie de la valve mitrale: comparaison de l'acide tranexamique aux faibles doses d'aprotinine.

PURPOSE: This retrospective stady has for objective to compare the effect of Tranexamic Acid (TA) to the low dose of aprotinin (AP) in primary mitral valve surgery in terms of blood loss and transfusion requirements. METHODS: Are included in the study operated patients of a valvulopathy mitral isolated. Two groups of 50 patients are collected. The tranexamic acid group has received 30 mg kg-1 the acid tranexamic and the aprotinin group has received a low regimen as 500,000 UIK of aprotinin. Blood loss by the chest drains are assessed to different times during first 24 hours post cardiopulmonary bypass. In the same way, we have measured the platelet and fibrinogen count. Blood products were administered according to a classic protocol. RESULTS: The two groups are comparable clinic and echocardiographic parameters what authorizes us an appariement acceptable. Various cardiopulmonary bypass times are almost similar. We noticed a tendency to excessive blood loss processed by low regimen aprotinin and a significant rate difference of platelet and the fibrinogen level. But no complication has been recorded in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates relatively different effect of the two fibrinolytics inhibitors in primary mitral valve surgery. As for the superiority of one of the two produces, it needs a confirmation by a randomised and controlled clinical trial.

[Surgery of aortic regurgitation with reduced left ventricular function]. / Chirurgie de l'insuffisance aortique avec dysfonction ventriculaire gauche.

BACKGROUND: Aortic valve replacement improves clinical symptoms and left ventricular systolic function in patients with chronic aortic regurgitation despite a higher surgical risk. The objective of this study is to determine if left ventricular function will be normalized after surgery. PATIENTS AND METHOD: This retrospective study included 40 patients (nine females and 31 males) with chronic aortic regurgitation and left ventricular systolic dysfunction who were evaluated by echocardiography Doppler. Were included patients with left ventricular ejection fraction less or equal to 45%. Ages ranged from 18 to 77 years (mean = 46.4 ± 12.6 years). Preoperatively, six patients (15%) were asymptomatic, ten (25%) were in NYHA II, half (50%) in NYHA III and four (10%) in NYHA IV. The mean preoperative ejection fraction (EF) was 36.2 ± 2%. The mean end systolic and diastolic dimensions were 61.7 ± 8.5 mm and 78.9 ± 9.7 mm respectively. Aortic regurgitation was quantified grade III in sixteen patients (40%) and grade IV in twenty-four (60%). RESULTS: Thirty-seven patients underwent aortic valve replacement and three Bentall operations. Hospital mortality was 7.5% (3/40). The mean follow-up period was 69.7 months. All survivor patients were investigated. Out of these, five were lost and 32 were controlled. Symptomatic improvement was noted in most of the survivors. Sixty percent (24/40) were severely symptomatic before and only 6.25% (2/32) during follow-up. The ejection fraction increased significantly after surgery (36.2 ± 2% in preoperative period vs. 55.2 ± 10% in postoperative period, P < 0.02). Left ventricular diameters decreased significantly also. Survival rates were 3-year 94%, 5-year 91% and 7-year 89%. CONCLUSION: Despite reduced left ventricular systolic function, aortic valve replacement in chronic aortic regurgitation was associated with acceptable operative risk. Surgery improves functional status, symptoms and ejection fraction in most patients.