ABSTRACT
Cyanide is very poisonous and raises environmental problems because of its industrial application and potential as a terrorist weapon. Given CN's toxicity and possible hazard to people, an effective and adaptive detection approach is needed. This specification suggests using a PCF to build a terahertz Hexagonal Core and Curved rectangular air holes sensor to detect NaCN and KCN. The recently created PCF analysis, which was promptly delivered, reveals an RS concentration of 99.62 % for NaCN and a maximum concentration of KCN is 99.08 %. In addition, we analyzed the Confinement Loss (CL) at a value of 5.88 × 10-09 dB/m and 2.07 × 10-05 dB/m, as well as EML at values of 0.0020 cm-1 and 0.0026 cm-1, accordingly, about these hazardous substances. The designed detector can identify NaCN and KCN at low concentrations even with small RI shifts due to its high sensitivity. Real-time NaCN and KCN detection and monitoring through nerve reflexes is essential for life-threatening conditions. It can selectively work in NaCN and KCN, ensuring accurate detection even in complex chemical compositions. Additionally, its tiny size allows for emergency use.
ABSTRACT
In this article, we have presented a new cancer sensor with a square core Photonic Crystal Fiber (PCF) to detect the cancerous tissues of the cervix, breast, and skin. This process is thus streamlined and separated by PCF due to its excellent detection characteristics. All required configurations using the finite element method are developed, and various performances of the model are studied using MATLAB. The results depict a mathematical analysis regarding the effectiveness of the sensor within the frequency range of 1.0-2.8 THz. Its relative sensitivity becomes around 99.85% at 2.2 THz with 8.49 × 10-14 dB/m for CL. This PCF has a spot size 3.06 × 10-4 µm that further contributes an effective area of 9.078 × 10-8 m2. Moreover, it has a very small EML of 0.00182 cm-1. This device uses the unique photonic properties of cancer cells to provide quick, reliable, and really very accurate methods for cancer cell identification, such as in breast, cervical, and skin cancers. Due to small size and flexibility, only minimally invasive operations are possible. Real-time monitoring can also be provided, hence improving immediate evaluation and therapy efficacy. This article introduces a novel integration of PCF technology with THz radiation to create a highly sensitive sensor for early cancer detection. By utilizing THz waves' non-invasive and high-resolution properties, this sensor overcomes the sensitivity limitations of traditional methods. It also addresses scattering issues from conventional air hole shapes through optimized geometric configurations, setting a new standard in biomedical sensing and potentially revolutionizing early cancer diagnostics.
ABSTRACT
In today's medical research, breast cancer is a severe problem, so it is imperative to develop a reliable and efficient approach for identifying cancerous breast cells. PCF, with its exceptional sense-making abilities, simplifies and distinguishes that procedure. The research presents a unique structural hybrid PCF for detecting breast cancer cells using sensors based on PCF that are specifically built for the terahertz-frequency range. The improvement in sensor sensitivity and specificity in identifying cancer cells at these frequencies is a notable progress compared to conventional approaches, which could potentially result in earlier and more precise diagnosis. In our analysis, we discovered the most common malignancies in breast cancer. We investigate the features of the cancerous cell detector using the COMSOL-Multiphysics 5.6 software. This PCF detector achieves a Confinement Loss of 4.75 × 10-12 and 3.42 × 10-13 dB/m for Type-1 and Type-2 cancer cells, respectively, at 1.2 THz, as well as about 99.946% and 99.969% relative sensitivity. This sensor ensures the highest level of sensitivity for the identification of cancerous breast cells. This sensor's physical architecture is quite straightforward, making it simple to build using current manufacturing techniques. Therefore, it seems that this sensor will pave a new path for identifying and treating cancerous cells.