Cyclotides from Brazilian Palicourea sessilis and Their Effects on Human Lymphocytes.

Cyclotides are plant-derived peptides found within five families of flowering plants (Violaceae, Rubiaceae, Fabaceae, Solanaceae, and Poaceae) that have a cyclic backbone and six conserved cysteine residues linked by disulfide bonds. Their presence within the Violaceae species seems ubiquitous, yet not all members of other families produce these macrocyclic peptides. The genus Palicourea Aubl. (Rubiaceae) contains hundreds of neotropical species of shrubs and small trees; however, only a few cyclotides have been discovered hitherto. Herein, five previously uncharacterized Möbius cyclotides within Palicourea sessilis and their pharmacological activities are described. Cyclotides were isolated from leaves and stems of this plant and identified as pase A-E, as well as the known peptide kalata S. Cyclotides were de novo sequenced by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry, and their structures were solved by NMR spectroscopy. Because some cyclotides have been reported to modulate immune cells, pase A-D were assayed for cell proliferation of human primary activated T lymphocytes, and the results showed a dose-dependent antiproliferative function. The toxicity on other nonimmune cells was also assessed. This study reveals that pase cyclotides have potential for applications as immunosuppressants and in immune-related disorders.

Comprehensive characterisation of polyphenols in leaves and stems of three anti-dengue virus type-2 active Brazilian Faramea species (Rubiaceae) by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS.

INTRODUCTION: The methanol (MeOH) leaf extracts of the species Faramea bahiensis, F. hyacinthina and F. truncata (Rubiaceae) have previously shown in vitro non-cytotoxic and anti-dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV2) activities in human hepatocarcinoma cell lineage (HepG2). Chemical studies have led to the isolation of major flavonoids, but quite complex fractions of phenolic compounds still remain. OBJECTIVE: To complete the study of phenolic compounds in the leaves and to access the presence of these compounds in the stems of these Faramea spp. by online high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector-electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS), as well as to evaluate the in vitro cytotoxic and anti-DENV2 activities of their MeOH stem extracts. METHODOLOGY: The identification was performed by comparing retention times, UV and mass spectra with those of available standards and by using the mechanisms and fragmentation patterns established in previous studies. The effects of the extracts in DENV2 infected HepG2 cell viability was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The virus titer was quantified by plaque assay. RESULTS: The study led to the characterisation of 31 phenolic compounds including flavonoid O- and C-glycosides, phenolic acids and one coumarin. The stem extracts from F. hyacinthina and F. bahiensis presented a similar bioactivity to those of their leaves but a loss of cytoprotective activity of F. bahiensis and a higher cytotoxicity of F. truncata were observed. CONCLUSIONS: This research allowed a detailed phenolic composition of three bioactive Faramea species to be achieved, thus contributing to the study of this genus and providing valuable information for further phytotherapeutic applications.

Antiviral Activity of Faramea hyacinthina and Faramea truncata Leaves on Dengue Virus Type-2 and Their Major Compounds.

The defatted fractions of the Faramea hyacinthina and F. truncata (Rubiaceae) leaf MeOH extracts showed in vitro non-cytotoxic and anti-dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV2) activity in human hepatocarcinoma cell lineage (HepG2). Submitting these fractions to the developed RP-SPE method allowed isolating the antiviral flavanone (2S)-isosakuranetin-7-O-ß-d-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)-ß-d-glucopyranoside (1) from both species and yielded less active sub-fractions. The new diastereoisomeric epimer pair (2S) + (2R) of 5,3',5'-trihydroxyflavanone-7-O-ß-d-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)-ß-d-glucopyranoside (2a/2b) from F. hyacinthina; the known narigenin-7-O-ß-d-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)-ß-d-glucopyranoside (3) from both species; rutin (4) and quercetin-4'-ß-d-O-glucopyranosyl-3-O-rutinoside (5) from F. hyacinthina, and kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside (6), erythroxyloside A (7) and asperuloside (8) from F. truncata have been isolated from these sub-fractions. Compounds 4 - 8 are reported for the first time in Faramea spp.

Supratentorial hemangioblastomas in von Hippel-Lindau wild-type patients - case series and literature review.

BACKGROUND: Supratentorial hemangioblastoma is an uncommon lesion with few data available. Resemblance to other tumours represents a struggle concerning pre-operative diagnosis and management. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to review the current literature, integrating two new cases with uncommon features. METHODS: A search of English language peer-reviewed articles in PubMed®, Cochrane Library®, Google Scholar® and summary of the current knowledge. RESULTS: A total of 162 cases, with no predominance between von Hippel-Lindau disease and wild-type sporadic lesions. The frontal lobe is the most common topography, followed by the pituitary stalk, with image resemblance to a glioma or a metastasis. From these, 20 cases revealed dural attachment, mimicking a meningioma. Symptoms are due to mass effect or epilepsy, with low haemorrhagic risk. Clinical outcome on supratentorial hemangioblastoma depends on resection extension, with no recognised complementary treatment. Post-operative follow-up is essential, even in wild-type, sporadic cases, concerning recent reports of tumour dissemination. CONCLUSIONS: This review compiles the main characteristics of supratentorial hemangioblastoma, that despite its rarity, should be a concern on differential diagnosis, treatment planning and expected prognosis.

ICS teaching module: Cystometry (basic module).

AIMS: To summarize the evidence background for education of good urodynamic practice, especially cystometry. METHODS: A search was done in PubMed for the last 5 years of publications selecting only clinical studies, utilizing the following keywords: cystometry 133 articles and filling cystometry 53 articles. RESULTS: The evidence with regard to clinical setting and cystometry technique, as well as for catheters and transducers type, infused solution and patient position is presented with recommendations. Also the practice of determining bladder filling sensation and capacity and the basis of detrusor storage function diagnosis is educated. CONCLUSIONS: This manuscript provides the evidence background for the practice of cystometry. Neurourol. Urodynam. 9999:XX-XX, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

An International Urogynecological Association (IUGA)/International Continence Society (ICS) joint report on the terminology for the conservative and nonpharmacological management of female pelvic floor dysfunction.

Introduction and hypothesis There has been an increasing need for the terminology on the conservative management of female pelvic floor dysfunction to be collated in a clinically based consensus report. Methods This Report combines the input of members and elected nominees of the Standardization and Terminology Committees of two International Organizations, the International Urogynecological Association (IUGA) and the International Continence Society (ICS), assisted at intervals by many external referees. An extensive process of nine rounds of internal and external review was developed to exhaustively examine each definition, with decision-making by collective opinion (consensus). Before opening up for comments on the webpages of ICS and IUGA, five experts from physiotherapy, neurology, urology, urogynecology, and nursing were invited to comment on the paper. Results A Terminology Report on the conservative management of female pelvic floor dysfunction, encompassing over 200 separate definitions, has been developed. It is clinically based, with the most common symptoms, signs, assessments, diagnoses, and treatments defined. Clarity and ease of use have been key aims to make it interpretable by practitioners and trainees in all the different specialty groups involved in female pelvic floor dysfunction. Ongoing review is not only anticipated, but will be required to keep the document updated and as widely acceptable as possible. Conclusion A consensus-based terminology report for the conservative management of female pelvic floor dysfunction has been produced, aimed at being a significant aid to clinical practice and a stimulus for research.

A standard for terminology in chronic pelvic pain syndromes: A report from the chronic pelvic pain working group of the international continence society.

AIMS: Terms used in the field of chronic pelvic pain (CPP) are poorly defined and often confusing. An International Continence Society (ICS) Standard for Terminology in chronic pelvic pain syndromes (CPPS) has been developed with the aim of improving diagnosis and treatment of patients affected by chronic pelvic pain syndromes. The standard aims to facilitate research, enhance therapy development and support healthcare delivery, for healthcare providers, and patients. This document looks at the whole person and all the domains (organ systems) in a systematic way. METHODS: A dedicated working group (WG) was instituted by the ICS Standardisation Steering Committee according to published procedures. The WG extracted information from existing relevant guidelines, consensus documents, and scientific publications. Medline and other databases were searched in relation to each chronic pelvic pain domain from 1980 to 2014. Existing ICS Standards for terminology were utilized where appropriate to ensure transparency, accessibility, flexibility, and evolution. Consensus was based on majority agreement. RESULTS: The multidisciplinary CPPS Standard reports updated consensus terminology in nine domains; lower urinary tract, female genital, male genital, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, neurological aspects, psychological aspects, sexual aspects, and comorbidities. Each is described in terms of symptoms, signs and further evaluation. CONCLUSION: The document presents preferred terms and definitions for symptoms, signs, and evaluation (diagnostic work-up) of female and male patients with chronic pelvic pain syndromes, serving as a platform for ongoing development in this field. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:984-1008, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

An International Urogynecological Association (IUGA)/International Continence Society (ICS) joint report on the terminology for the conservative and nonpharmacological management of female pelvic floor dysfunction.

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: There has been an increasing need for the terminology on the conservative management of female pelvic floor dysfunction to be collated in a clinically based consensus report. METHODS: This Report combines the input of members and elected nominees of the Standardization and Terminology Committees of two International Organizations, the International Urogynecological Association (IUGA) and the International Continence Society (ICS), assisted at intervals by many external referees. An extensive process of nine rounds of internal and external review was developed to exhaustively examine each definition, with decision-making by collective opinion (consensus). Before opening up for comments on the webpages of ICS and IUGA, five experts from physiotherapy, neurology, urology, urogynecology, and nursing were invited to comment on the paper. RESULTS: A Terminology Report on the conservative management of female pelvic floor dysfunction, encompassing over 200 separate definitions, has been developed. It is clinically based, with the most common symptoms, signs, assessments, diagnoses, and treatments defined. Clarity and ease of use have been key aims to make it interpretable by practitioners and trainees in all the different specialty groups involved in female pelvic floor dysfunction. Ongoing review is not only anticipated, but will be required to keep the document updated and as widely acceptable as possible. CONCLUSION: A consensus-based terminology report for the conservative management of female pelvic floor dysfunction has been produced, aimed at being a significant aid to clinical practice and a stimulus for research.

Assessment of a Synthetic Type IV Cast and a Resin Polyol Used in the Fabrication of Dental Models.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the dimensional changes, reproduction of details, and surface roughness of a type IV cast and a resin used to fabricate dental models. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two commercial brands of materials were evaluated: a type IV synthetic cast (Fuji Rock) and a polyol resin (Novox). Twenty samples were obtained from polyvinyl siloxane molds that reproduced the surface of a metal master model standardized according to the American National Standards Institute/American Dental Association specification no. 19. The materials were used according to the manufacturer's instructions and divided into two groups (n = 10). Each mold was photographed immediately after molding and 1 hour after molding. The obtained models were also photographed and measurements were obtained by using Image J software. The paired t-test was used to compare the molding materials and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the dimensional changes between the groups at a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were observed between the models fabricated with the polyol resin and type IV synthetic cast with regard to reproduction of surface details, surface roughness, and dimensional stability (p < 0.05), with the resin providing superior surface detail reproduction and greater dimensional accuracy. CONCLUSION: The polyol resin exhibited superior behavior regarding detail reproduction, surface roughness, and dimensional change compared with the type IV synthetic cast.

Expression of a new serine protease from Crotalus durissus collilineatus venom in Pichia pastoris and functional comparison with the native enzyme.

Snake venom serine proteases (SVSPs) act primarily on plasma proteins related to blood clotting and are considered promising for the treatment of several hemostatic disorders. We report the heterologous expression of a serine protease from Crotalus durissus collilineatus, named collinein-1, in Pichia pastoris, as well as the enzymatic comparative characterization of the toxin in native and recombinant forms. The complementary DNA (cDNA) encoding collinein-1 was amplified from cDNA library of C. d. collilineatus venom gland and cloned into the pPICZαA vector. The recombinant plasmid was used to transform cells of KM71H P. pastoris. Heterologous expression was induced by methanol and yielded 56 mg of recombinant collinein-1 (rCollinein-1) per liter of culture. The native collinein-1 was purified from C. d. collilineatus venom, and its identity was confirmed by amino acid sequencing. The native and recombinant enzymes showed similar effects upon bovine fibrinogen by releasing preferentially fibrinopeptide A. Although both enzymes have induced plasma coagulation, native Colinein-1 has shown higher coagulant activity. The serine proteases were able to hydrolyze the chromogenic substrates S-2222, S-2238, and S2302. Both enzymes showed high stability on different pH and temperature, and their esterase activities were inhibited in the presence of Zn2+ and Cu2+. The serine proteases showed similar k cat/K m values in enzyme kinetics assays, suggesting no significant differences in efficiency of these proteins to hydrolyze the substrate. These results demonstrated that rCollinein-1 was expressed with functional integrity on the evaluated parameters. The success in producing a functionally active recombinant SVSP may generate perspectives to their future therapeutic applications.

Rocking motion of an optical wing: theory.

The intensity-dependent rocking frequency of an illuminated semicylindrical refractive rod (or "optical wing") on a flat, nonslip surface is investigated. Both longitudinal and transverse radiation pressure forces (scatter and lift forces), as well as radiation pressure torque, transform the mechanical system into one having a bistable potential energy above a critical intensity. The equation of motion may be written as a parametrically driven nonlinear bistable harmonic oscillator, resulting in complex rocking dynamics. The effects of linear and sinusoidal intensity modulation schemes are explored, and experimental conditions to verify these results are discussed.

Antineoplastic drugs contamination of workplace surfaces in two Portuguese hospitals.

Despite the classification as known or suspected human carcinogens, by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, the antineoplastic drugs are extensively used in cancer treatment due to their specificity and efficacy. As human carcinogens, these drugs represent a serious threat to the healthcare workers involved in their preparation and administration. This work aims to contribute to better characterize the occupational exposure of healthcare professionals to antineoplastic drugs, by assessing workplace surfaces contamination of pharmacy and administration units of two Portuguese hospitals. Surface contamination was assessed by the determination of cyclophosphamide, 5-fluorouracil, and paclitaxel. These three drugs were used as surrogate markers for surfaces contamination by cytotoxic drugs. Wipe samples were taken and analyzed by HPLC-DAD. From the total of 327 analyzed samples, in 121 (37 %) was possible to detect and quantify at least one drug. Additionally, 28 samples (8.6 %) indicate contamination by more than one antineoplastic drug, mainly in the administration unit, in both hospitals. Considering the findings in both hospitals, specific measures should be taken, particularly those related with the promotion of good practices and safety procedures and also routine monitoring of surfaces contamination in order to guarantee the appliance of safety measures.

Atraumatic extraction, implant placement and immediate provisionalization.

Front tooth extraction typically results in significant loss of hard and soft tissue volume, both in the vestibular-lingual and mesiodistal directions. As these changes can compromise the esthetic results of prosthetic rehabilitation, extraction techniques that cause minimal trauma to the remnant tissues are applied in combination with immediate implant placement to minimize such alterations. The case reported in the present article illustrates a therapeutic plan consisting of atraumatic extraction followed by immediate implant placement and provisionalization. When carefully indicated and planned, our results indicate that this technique may provide promising immediate results relative to the maintenance and stability of the peri-implanted tissues.

[Clinical profile of patients with chronic pelvic pain: a descriptive analysis]. / Perfil clínico de los pacientes con dolor pélvico crónico: un análisis descriptivo.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this paper is to analyze the clinical profile of patients with chronic pelvic pain (CPP) to obtain a more accurate and fast clinical diagnosis. METHODS: In this retrospective and descriptive cross-sectional study, we recruited 64 patients with CPP (32 men and 32 women. Patients had confirmed diagnosis of CPP. History was done including past medical history, prior abdominal and pelvic surgery, practice of risk sports, start and evolution of the pain, and number of physicians visited. We evaluated pain intensity with a VAS scale, neuropathic characteristics of the pain with the DN4 questionnaire, anxiety and depression with the HAD Scale (HADS) and disability with the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI ). Pelvic floor evaluation integrated intrapelvic and extrapelvic muscles assessment. RESULTS: Average number of doctors visited was 6.4 for men and 10 for women. The VAS for men was 5.43 (± 2.29), for women 6.89 (± 1.89). The DN4 for men was 4.53 (± 2.2), for women 4.44 (± 2.2). The mean anxiety in men was 10.18 (±4.27) and for women 9 (± 4.6) and mean depression in men was 7.31 (± 4.88) and for women 7.16 (± 4). ODI for men was 26.7% (±2.2), for women 33.75% (± 2.2). CONCLUSION: We have defined a clinical profile of patients with CPP that can enable a better approach to the reality of these patients with diminished quality of life.

Is lower urinary tract dysfunction an early marker of Portuguese type familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy in women? Preliminary results.

Type 1 Portuguese Familial Amyloid Polyneuropathy was first observed in 1939 and described in 1951 by Corino Andrade. FAP is a rare autosomal dominant disease caused by a mutant gene in chromosome 18, characterized by a variant transthyretin in which valine is substituted for methionine at position 30 (ATTR V30M), affecting mainly young adults. ATTR V30M positivity does not imply disease, but the disease is only present with ATTR V30M in serum. The clinical manifestations of FAP on the pelvic floor and genitourinary system are frequent at early disease onset. Phenotypic diversity can depend on modulating agents in the deposition of the mutant TTR, such as incomplete penetration and environmental influence. Functional vesicourethral disorders appear to be primarily at the bladder filling phase, namely diminished bladder sensation, and associated with a decrease in detrusor contractility during the emptying phase. Unbalanced voiding takes place in this context, with high post-void residuals, increasing the rate of co-morbidity, namely recurrent urinary tract infections and chronic renal failure.This study describes the lower urinary tract dysfunctions in ATTR V30M positive carriers, particularly during the asymptomatic period and early stages of the disease, and additionaly it describes its association with the clinical evolution of the disease. In the preliminary phase of the study, the lower urinary tract dysfunction in FAP-women may present itself as an early manifestation in asymptomatic patients. Uroflowmetry and the evaluation of post-voiding residual volume are non-invasive and low cost tests that should be done during routine initial evaluation. Reduced bladder sensation and poor detrusor contractility may be considered initial markers of FAP. The neurogenic factor (bladder afferent neurons) appears to be mechanical in nature with myogenic repercussions. This further aggravates the bladder underactivity secondary to pelvic efferent parasympathetic neuropathy and amyloid infiltration in the bladder wall. Early diagnostic and therapeutic intervention may avoid secondary end stage renal disease.

A comprehensive floristic knowledge of a fragment of Semideciduous Seasonal Forest [Parque Estadual da Serra da Concórdia], Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Background: The "Serra da Concórdia" is part of the Atlantic Forest phytogeographical domain in the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro and it has a predominant phytophysiognomy of Semideciduous Seasonal Forest. This region underwent intense habitat loss and fragmentation during the 19th century, due to coffee plantations and later pastures. With the decline of these activities, the areas were abandoned, triggering secondary succession. In 2002, the "Parque Estadual da Serra da Concórdia" was established in this region to preserve the remaining forest fragments. The updated list of vascular plants recorded in this protected area, published in the "Catálogo de Plantas das Unidades de Conservação do Brasil", is presented here, along with information on richness, endemism, and conservation status. New information: The "Parque Estadual da Serra da Concórdia" houses 231 vascular plant species, of which 90% are angiosperms, 10% ferns and lycophytes, and 27% endemic to the Atlantic Forest. Ten species are threatened with extinction, three are categorized as Endangered, and seven as Vulnerable. Although there have been expeditions in the "Parque Estadual da Serra da Concórdia", they have been limited, resulting in a low number of records and the species richness for a protected area. This is notable considering the 2,130 Brazilian native vascular plant species recorded in the semideciduous seasonal forest of Rio de Janeiro. Our data indicates that floristic inventories of Brazilian protected areas could help highlight gaps in flora knowledge and support the proposal of effective conservation actions.

Floristic survey of vascular plants of the Parque Estadual da Pedra Selada, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Background: The Atlantic Forest is one of the most diverse and threatened phytogeographical domains in the world. Despite that, it includes regions with poor floristic knowledge, even in protected areas. Although the importance of protected areas in conserving the Atlantic Forest hotspot is undisputed, it is necessary to recognise the floristic richness of these areas to propose effective conservation actions. In this sense, online databases have proved to be a promising tool for compiling species lists with relevant biodiversity information. This study is based on the list of vascular plants of the "Parque Estadual da Pedra Selada", published in the "Catálogo de Plantas das Unidades de Conservação do Brasil". It summarises the species richness, endemism and conservation status of this protected area. New information: The published list of vascular plants was based on data obtained from herbarium collections available in online databases. A total of 303 species have been recorded for the "Parque Estadual da Pedra Selada," of which 297 are native to Brazil, 78 are endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, and seven are endemic to the State of Rio de Janeiro. More than 60% of the species are woody, and more than 40% are trees. Eight threatened species (Endangered - EN and Vulnerable - VU), of which five are endemic to the State of Rio de Janeiro, are housed in this protected area. One species was classified as Data Deficient (DD). Our results increase the knowledge of the Atlantic Forest flora in the State of Rio de Janeiro and support effective conservation planning for this protected area.

Effect of Carbamylated Erythropoietin in a Chronic Model of TNBS-Induced Colitis.

BACKGROUND: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a public health issue with a growing prevalence, which can be divided into two phenotypes, namely Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Currently, used therapy is based only on symptomatic and/or palliative pharmacological approaches. These treatments seek to induce and maintain remission of the disease and ameliorate its secondary effects; however, they do not modify or reverse the underlying pathogenic mechanism. Therefore, it is essential to investigate new potential treatments. Carbamylated erythropoietin (cEPO) results from the modification of the Erythropoietin (EPO) molecule, reducing cardiovascular-related side effects from the natural erythropoiesis stimulation. cEPO has been studied throughout several animal models, which demonstrated an anti-inflammatory effect by decreasing the production of several pro-inflammatory cytokines. AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of cEPO in a chronic TNBS-induced colitis model in rodents. METHODS: Experimental colitis was induced by weekly intrarectal (IR) administrations of 1% TNBS for 5 weeks in female CD-1 mice. Then, the mice were treated with 500 IU/kg/day or 1000 IU/kg/day of cEPO through intraperitoneal injections for 14 days. RESULTS: cEPO significantly reduced the concentration of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), fecal hemoglobin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-10. Also, it demonstrated a beneficial influence on the extra-intestinal manifestations, with the absence of significant side effects of its use. CONCLUSION: Considering the positive results from cEPO in this experiment, it may arise as a new possible pharmacological approach for the future management of IBD.

Characterization of polyphenols in the methanol leaf extract of Bathysa gymnocarpa (Rubiaceae) by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS.

The species Bathysa gymnocarpa K.Schum is a tree belonging to the Rubiaceae family, endemic in Brazil. So far, there are reports neither of phytochemical work nor of biological evaluation of it. The analysis by High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to a Diode Array Detector and a tandem Mass Spectrometer with an Electrospray Ionization source (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS) of its crude extract allowed to characterize in a complex mixture, without isolation, fourteen compounds, being two as cinnamic acid derivatives, and the others as mono-, di- and triglycosilated derivatives of the flavonols quercetin and kaempferol. These compounds are reported for the first time in Bathysa spp.

Bladder injury during trans-obturator tape surgery in a patient with previous colposuspension: is there a connection?

OBJECTIVE: Bladder injuries are quite rare and complex complications of transobturator tapes in the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence, with very few published cases. The authors present a case report and discuss possible injury mechanisms and the role of cystoscopy in this setting. METHODS: A 51 year-old female with past surgical history of Burch colposuspension underwent an uneventful transobturator tape surgery. After 15 days, she complained of dysuria and frequency. Cystoscopy revealed the tape protruding within the bladder. RESULTS: Reoperation was performed with the sub-urethral segment of the tape removed by vaginal approach and the vesical one excised endoscopically. Presently, the patient is asymptomatic. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with previous incontinence surgical treatments, cystoscopy at the time of surgery should be considered to exclude and treat eventual injuries, in order to avoid future complications.