ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate liver-herniation as individual parameter on outcome in children with congenital diaphragmatic hernia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a retrospective matched-pair analysis based on observed to expected fetal lung volume (o/e FLV), birth weight, gestational age at time-point of examination, status of tracheal occlusion therapy and side of the defect the individual impact of liver-herniation on survival, need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) therapy and chronic lung disease (CLD) was investigated. In total 61 pairs (122 patients) were included. Fisher's exact test was used to evaluate influence of liver-herniation and a p-value of <0.05 was defined as statistically significant. The study was approved by the local review board. RESULTS: Children with liver-herniation have lower survival rates (78.7% vs. 95.1%; pâ¯=â¯0.0073), need ECMO-therapy more often (41.0% vs. 16.4%; pâ¯=â¯0.0027) and are more likely to develop CLD (71.7% vs. 37.9%; pâ¯=â¯0.0004) than their corresponding matched-pair without liver-herniation. CONCLUSION: Liver-herniation itself and not further lung-volume restriction due to liver-herniation is responsible for poor outcome in CDH.
Subject(s)
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation/statistics & numerical data , Fetal Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital/diagnostic imaging , Liver Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Liver/diagnostic imaging , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Female , Fetal Diseases/pathology , Gestational Age , Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital/embryology , Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital/pathology , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Liver/embryology , Liver Diseases/embryology , Liver Diseases/pathology , Lung Volume Measurements , Male , Matched-Pair Analysis , Retrospective Studies , Survival RateABSTRACT
Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is one of the major complications in immunocompromised patients. The mainstay of diagnostic imaging is non-enhanced chest-computed-tomography (CT), for which various non-specific signs for IPA have been described. However, contrast-enhanced CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) has shown promising results, as the vessel occlusion sign (VOS) seems to be more sensitive and specific for IPA in hematologic patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of CTPA in a larger cohort including non-hematologic immunocompromised patients. CTPA studies of 78 consecutive immunocompromised patients with proven/probable IPA were analyzed. 45 immunocompromised patients without IPA served as a control group. Diagnostic performance of CTPA-detected VOS and of radiological signs that do not require contrast-media were analyzed. Of 12 evaluable radiological signs, five were found to be significantly associated with IPA. The VOS showed the highest diagnostic performance with a sensitivity of 0.94, specificity of 0.71 and a diagnostic odds-ratio of 36.8. Regression analysis revealed the two strongest independent radiological predictors for IPA to be the VOS and the halo sign. The VOS is highly suggestive for IPA in immunocompromised patients in general. Thus, contrast-enhanced CTPA superior over non-contrast_enhanced chest-CT in patients with suspected IPA.
Subject(s)
Computed Tomography Angiography , Immunocompromised Host , Pulmonary Aspergillosis/diagnosis , Radiographic Image Enhancement , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Antifungal Agents , Child , Child, Preschool , Computed Tomography Angiography/methods , Computed Tomography Angiography/standards , Contrast Media , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Neutropenia/etiology , Neutropenia/pathology , Pulmonary Aspergillosis/drug therapy , Pulmonary Aspergillosis/etiology , Pulmonary Aspergillosis/microbiology , ROC Curve , Reproducibility of Results , Retrospective Studies , Young AdultSubject(s)
Anemia, Aplastic/diagnosis , Lymphocyte Activation , Lymphoma/diagnosis , Aged , Cytodiagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , Lectins , Leukemia, Lymphoid/diagnosis , Male , Methods , Middle AgedABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The focus on patient outcomes as performance measures and on processes of care as systems to improve is intensifying. Nevertheless, appropriateness reviews are likely to remain essential (for example, studies evaluating inpatient admission, laboratory testing, invasive procedures, and discharge planning) for several reasons. METHODS: Forbes Regional Hospital (Monroeville, PA) undertook to redesign the process of appropriateness reviews using a computer-assisted methodology. The change was predicated on accessing electronically recorded clinical data collected as part of a state-mandated discharge reporting requirement. RESULTS: More than 90% of diagnosis-related group 182/183 (gastrointestinal/esophagitis) admissions were deemed appropriate on the basis of later manual reviews. This redesign was accomplished at no added expense while the amount of time required to complete the study was decreased. The ability to easily examine relationships identified during the evaluation was also expanded. The experience led to greater enthusiasm on the part of the medical staff to pursue more quality improvement projects. Creation of software programs that can be used repeatedly, modified to change existing thresholds, or expanded to include other conditions was another benefit. Clinicians gained valuable experience and familiarity with information systems. Lastly, all this was accomplished without purchasing new hardware, acquiring updated software, or relying on the presence of an electronic medical record.