Distribution of Main Bioactive Compounds from Saffron Species as a Function of Infusion Temperature and Time in an Oil/Water System.

Most research on saffron has focused on its composition and beneficial effects, while the culinary perspective to enhance its gastronomic potential remains unexplored. This study aims to define the transfer of the main compounds responsible for color, flavor, and aromatic properties, evaluating three critical variables: temperature (60 °C, 80 °C and 100 °C), infusion time (ranging from 10 to 30 min), and the composition of the medium (water, oil, and water/oil). Samples were analyzed using the LC-QTOF MS/MS and ISO 3632-1:2011 methods. The major compounds were crocins, including trans-crocin and picrocrocin. Among the flavonoids, kaempferol 3-O-sophoroside stands out. Regarding extraction conditions, crocins, glycoside flavonoids, and picrocrocin were enhanced in water, the former in 100% water and at low temperatures, while picrocrocin proved to be the most stable compound with extraction favored at high temperatures. The variable with the greatest incidence of picrocrocin isolation seemed to be the concentration of water since water/oil compositions reported higher concentrations. Safranal and kaempferol were enriched in the oil phase and at lower temperatures. This study provides a chemical interpretation for the appropriate gastronomic use of saffron according to its versatility. Finally, the determination of safranal using the ISO method did not correlate with that obtained using chromatography.

Intercity Mobility Assessment Facing the Demographic Challenge: A Survey-Based Research.

The key factor in moving towards a more sustainable travel model is based on improving mobility, especially in rural areas that share territorial dynamics with urban areas and are connected by a daily flow of inhabitants. The purpose of this article is to carry out a diagnosis of the daily mobility patterns of the inhabitants of a number of rural municipalities, with the aim of promoting sustainability and mitigating the phenomenon of territorial depopulation in future local planning policies. The research methodology is based on the use of revealed preference surveys together with accessibility analysis using GIS tools, allowing for an in-depth knowledge of the mobility patterns of the municipalities in the area under analysis. In this respect, the reference parameters in terms of territorial accessibility are determined by applying the network analysis procedure to basic public services. The results reflect the existence of an unbalanced modal split with a preponderance of private vehicle use (regardless of the destination or the reason for the journey). In addition, a very weak inter-municipal connection dynamic is observed. There is a knowledge gap in the verification of the long-term suitability of sustainable measures in rural areas implemented after the development of mobility plans (in order to assess their effectiveness).

Proposal for the Integration of the Assessment and Management of Electrical Risk from Overhead Power Lines in BIM for Road Projects.

Electrical risk has a particular impact within the construction sector. This leads to the development of regulations to mitigate it, but correct application of regulations is impossible with a traditional 2D analysis. The construction sector is using technologies from the industrial sector (Construction 4.0), with BIM as the main enabling technology. Thus, the objective of this article is the evaluation of the risk produced by Overhead Power Lines (OPL) through BIM integration. The OPL, its risk zones, the affected road, and the envelope resulting from the geometry of the necessary machines to build it were digitized, converging in a single model to perform a 4D risk analysis. The risks of the execution of the embankment and road surface of a road section passing through an OPL were analyzed by means of the collision of the envelope with its risk zones, resulting in an integration of their evaluation, to which was added the introduction of preventive measures and their re-evaluation. The parametric 3D modelling allowed a better definition of the risk zones and the BIM management minimized errors, providing traceability of decisions from the design phase, complying with health and safety regulations and applying the principle of Prevention through Design (PtD).

Urban aerobiological risk mapping of ornamental trees using a new index based on LiDAR and Kriging: A case study of plane trees.

Ornamental trees bring benefits for human health, including reducing urban pollution. However, some species, such as plane trees (Platanus sp.), produce allergenic pollen. Consequently, urban maps are a valuable tool for allergic patients and allergists, but they often fail to include variables that contribute to the "building downwash effect", such as the width and shape of streets and the height of buildings. Other factors that directly influence pollen dispersion (slopes and other geographical features) also have not traditionally been discussed. The LiDAR (Laser Imaging Detection and Ranging) technique enables one to consider these variables with high accuracy. This work proposes an Aerobiological Index to create Risk maps for Ornamental Trees (AIROT) and the establishment of potential areas of risk of exposure to Platanus pollen. LiDAR data from five urban areas were used to create the DEM and DSM (Digital Elevation and Surface Models) needed to perform further analysis. GIS software was used to map the points for each city and to create risk maps by Kriging, with stable (3 cases) and exponential function (2 cases) as the optimal models. In short, the AIROT index was a useful tool to map possible biological risks in cities. Since AIROT allows each city to consider its own characteristics, including geographical specifications, by using remote sensing and geostatistics techniques, the establishment of risk maps and healthy itineraries is valuable for allergic patients, allergists, architects and urban planners. This new aerobiological index provides a new decision-making tool related to urban planning and allergenicity assessment.

Extraction of polyphenols from vine shoots of Vitis vinifera by superheated ethanol-water mixtures.

A study of the nonvolatile fraction of extracts from vine shoots obtained by superheated ethanol-water mixtures is presented. The influence of the temperature, extraction time, and percentage of ethanol on extraction was investigated by a multivariate experimental design to maximize the yield of total phenolic compounds, measured by using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The best values found for these variables were 80% (v/v) ethanol, 240 degrees C, and 60 min. Under these conditions, the effect of pH was also investigated, and a strong improvement of yield was observed by decreasing the pH. The extracts were subject to liquid-liquid extraction with n-hexane. The remaining polar phase was dried in a rotary evaporator and then reconstituted in 10 mL of water. The insoluble residue was dissolved in 10 mL of methanol. Both fractions (aqueous and methanolic) were analyzed by HPLC, and the differences in composition according to the extraction conditions were studied. Compounds usually present in commercial wood extracts were identified (mainly benzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids and aldehydes); the most abundant were quantified, and the stability of the identified phenolic families under different extraction conditions was also investigated. Finally, the superiority of the superheated liquid extraction over conventional solid-liquid extraction was demonstrated.

Evaluación de la incidencia de aislamiento de Acinetobacter baumannii y su relación con la transfusión de productos sanguíneos en terapia intensiva / Evaluation of the isolation of Acinetobacter baumannii and its relationship with the transfusion of blood products in intensive care / Avaliação da incidência de isolamento de Acinetobacter baumannii e sua relação com a transfusão de hemoderivados em Terapia Intensiva

Resumen: La incidencia de Acinetobacter ha incrementado y se asocia con mayor morbimortalidad. Objetivo: Se determinó la incidencia del aislamiento de Acinetobacter baumannii en pacientes transfundidos. Material y métodos: Estudio de cohorte retrospectivo, muestreo secuencial de enero de 2016 a enero de 2017 en terapia intensiva. Se registró la información de los expedientes de los pacientes mayores de 15 años, hombres y mujeres, del registro transfusional local y de reportes de cultivos. La población se dividió en transfundidos y no transfundidos para identificar el aislamiento de Acinetobacter baumannii en transfundidos. Se analizó con estadística descriptiva, Chi cuadrada, Pearson. Resultados: 415 pacientes; edad promedio: 48 años; principal diagnóstico de ingreso: no séptico, no quirúrgico (32.5%); la mayoría tenía ventilación mecánica al ingreso (56.4%); estancia hospitalaria promedio: 6.9 días; el requerimiento transfusional fue 29.4%, siendo eritrocitos 26%; se registró incidencia de aislamiento de Acinetobacter baumannii de 9.8%; el mayor número de aislamientos fue entre los días cinco y ocho, principalmente de origen bronquial. Se identificó correlación positiva entre el aislamiento y la transfusión de eritrocitos por medio de Pearson (p = 0.001 ), y con la asistencia ventilatoria mecánica, en particular, después del día 15 (p = 0.0001). Conclusiones: Existe correlación entre la transfusión de eritrocitos y el aislamiento de Acinetobacter baumannii en la población estudiada.

Abstract: The incidence of Acinetobacter baumannii has increased and is associated with greater morbility. Objective: We determined the incidence of Acinetobacter baumannii isolation in critically ill transfused. Material and methods: Retrospective cohort, sequential sample from January 2016 to January 2017. We reviewed the information on the records of patients over 15 years of age, men and women, of the local transfusion registry and culture reports. The population was divided into transfused and not transfused to identify the isolation of Acinetobacter baumannii in those transfused. It was analyzed with descriptive statistics, Chi square, Pearson. Results: 415 critically ill patients, average age: 48 years, main diagnosis upon admission: non-septic, non-surgical (32.5%); most had mechanical ventilation at admission (56.4%); average hospital stay: 6.9 days; transfusion requirement: 29.4%, erythrocytes being 26%, Most of the transfusions were done between day one and four. There was an incidence of Acinetobacter baumannii isolation of 9.8%; the highest number of isolations occurred between days five and eight; they were mainly of bronchial origin. A positive correlation was identified between the isolation and the transfusion of erythrocytes by means of Pearson (p = 0.001), and with mechanical ventilatory assistance, particularly after day 15 (p = 0.0001). Conclusions: There was a correlation between the transfusion of erythrocytes and the isolation of Acinetobacter baumannii in the population studied.

Resumo: A incidência de Acinetobacter se incrementou e está associada com maior morbidade e mortalidade. Objetivo: Determinou-se a incidência do isolamento de Acinetobacter baumannii em pacientes transfundidos. Material e métodos: Estudo de Coorte, retrospectivo, amostragem sequencial, de janeiro 2016 a janeiro 2017 na unidade de terapia intensiva. Registrou-se a informação do prontuário médico dos pacientes com mais de 15 anos de idade, homens, do registro local de transfusão e relatos de cultivos. A população foi dividida em transfundida e não transfundida para identificar o isolamento de Acinetobacter baumanii em pacientes transfundidos. Foi analisado com estatística descritiva, Chi quadrada e Pearson. Resultados: 415 pacientes, idade média de 48 anos, o principal diagnóstico de internação não cirúrgica não-séptica (32.5%), a maioria com ventilação mecânica na admissão (56.4%), tempo médio de internação de 6.9 dias, necessidade transfusional de 29.4%, sendo eritrócitos 26%, registrou-se a incidência de isolamento de Acinetobacter baumannii de 9.8%, o maior número de isolamentos foi entre os dias 5 e 8, principalmente de origem brônquica, identificou-se uma correlação positiva entre o isolamento e a transfusão de eritrócitos por meio de Pearson (p = 0.001) e com a assistência ventilatória mecânica, particularmente após o 15o dia (p = 0.0001). Conclusão: Existe uma correlação entre a transfusão de eritrócitos e o isolamento de Acinetobacter baumannii na população estudada.

Comparison of accelerated methods for the extraction of phenolic compounds from different vine-shoot cultivars.

Most research on the extraction of high-priced compounds from vineyard/wine byproducts has traditionally been focused on grape seeds and skins as raw materials. Vine-shoots can represent an additional source to those materials, the characteristics of which could depend on the cultivar. A comparative study of hydroalcoholic extracts from 18 different vineyard cultivars obtained by superheated liquid extraction (SHLE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), and ultrasound-assisted extraction (USAE) is here presented. The optimal working conditions for each type of extraction have been investigated by using multivariate experimental designs to maximize the yield of total phenolic compounds, measured by the Folin-Ciocalteu method, and control hydroxymethylfurfural because of the organoleptic properties of furanic derivatives and toxicity at given levels. The best values found for the influential variables on each extraction method were 80% (v/v) aqueous ethanol at pH 3, 180 °C, and 60 min for SHLE; 140 W and 5 min microwave irradiation for MAE; and 280 W, 50% duty cycle, and 7.5 min extraction for USAE. SHLE reported better extraction efficiencies as compared to the other two approaches, supporting the utility of SHLE for scaling-up the process. The extracts were dried in a rotary evaporator, reconstituted in 5 mL of methanol, and finally subjected to liquid-liquid extraction with n-hexane to remove nonpolar compounds that could complicate chromatographic separation. The methanolic fractions were analyzed by both LC-DAD and LC-TOF/MS, and the differences in composition according to the extraction conditions were studied. Compounds usually present in commercial wood extracts (mainly benzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids and aldehydes) were detected in vine-shoot extracts.

El índice de masa corporal como predictor de morbimortalidad y consumo de recursos en pacientes internados en la unidad de terapia intensiva / The body mass index as a predictor of morbimortality and resource use in the patients in the intensive care unit / O índice de massa corporal como prognóstico da morbidade e mortalidade e o consumo de recursos em pacientes hospitalizados na unidade de terapia intensiva

Resumen: Introducción: No hay acuerdo en los reportes de la literatura sobre si un índice de masa corporal por arriba de 25 kg/m(2) incrementa, no modifica o disminuye la mortalidad en pacientes en estado crítico. Objetivo: Comparar la mortalidad, morbilidad y consumo de recursos entre individuos con peso normal o bajo (índice de masa corporal IMC < 25 kg/m(2)) versus sujetos con sobrepeso u obesidad (IMC > 25 kg/m(2)). Diseño: Estudio de cohorte prolectiva en una unidad de terapia intensiva. Pacientes: Se incluyeron 159 personas en el estudio. Método: Se colectaron variables demográficas y clínicas, incluyendo peso y talla para calcular el índice de masa corporal. Se registraron datos de escalas de gravedad de la enfermedad SAPS-3, de falla orgánica Bruselas y de intervención terapéutica NEMS (como subrogado de consumo de recursos). El análisis estadístico fue multivariado; fue considerada significativa una p < 0.05. Resultados: Al comparar individuos con IMC < 25 kg/m(2) con aquellos con un IMC mayor no hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa en mortalidad y consumo de recursos. Sin embargo, al replantear el estudio y comparar sujetos con IMC < a 30 kg/m(2) con aquellos con un IMC mayor, se encontró diferencia significativa en mortalidad entre ambos grupos y un tamaño del efecto considerable en cuanto a consumo de recursos en personas con un IMC > 30 kg/m(2). Conclusiones: En México debemos cambiar el punto de corte del índice de masa corporal a 30 kg/m(2) cuando comparemos mortalidad y consumo de recursos en los enfermos internados en la UTI. Este estudio abre la posibilidad de realizar un estudio multicéntrico para confirmar estos resultados.

Abstract: Introduction: There is disagreement over if a body mass index (BMI) above 25 kg/m(2) increases, decreases or does not alter the mortality in critically ill patients. Objective: To compare the mortality, morbidity and resource use among patients with normal or low body mass index (< 25 kg/m(2)) versus patients with overweight or obesity (> 25 kg/m(2)). Design: Study of a prolective cohort in an intensive care unit. Patients: One hundred fifty-nine patients were included in the study. Methods: Demographic and clinical data (including weight and height for the calculation of the body mass index) were collected, as well as scores of severity of illness SAPS-3, organic failure (Brussels) and therapeutic intervention NEMS (as a surrogate marker of resource use). The statistical analysis was multivariate, with a significance of p < 0.05. Results: When we compared patients with a BMI < 25 kg/m(2) versus those with BMI above 25 kg/m(2), we did not find statistical differences in mortality and resource use. However, when we changed the cutoff point of BMI to 30 kg/m(2), we found statistically significant differences in mortality and an important effect size in the resource use between both groups. Conclusions: In México we should change the cutoff point of the body mass index to 30 kg/m(2) when we compare mortality and resource use in those patients in the ICU. This study suggests the possibility of making a multicenter study to confirm these findings.

Resumo: Introdução: Não há nenhum acordo nos relatos da literatura se um índice de massa corporal acima de 25 kg/m(2) incrementa, não altera ou diminui a mortalidade em pacientes em estado crítico. Objetivo: Comparar a mortalidade, morbidade e consumo de recursos entre os pacientes com peso normal ou baixo (índice de massa corporal IMC < 25 kg/m(2)) versus pacientes com sobrepeso e obesidade (IMC > 25 kg /m(2)). Desenho: Estudo prospectivo de coorte. Pacientes: 159 pacientes foram incluídos no estudo. Método: Foram coletadas variáveis demográficas clínicas, incluindo peso e altura para calcular o índice de massa corporal. Foram coletados dados da escala de gravidade da doença SAPS-3, a falha orgânica Bruselas e a intervenção terapêutica NEMS (como o consumo de recursos sub-rogado). A análise estatística foi multivariada considerando significativa uma p < .05. Resultados: Ao comparar os pacientes com IMC < 25 kg/m(2) com aqueles com um IMC superior não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa na mortalidade e consumo de recursos. No entanto, ao reformular o estudo e comparar pacientes com IMC < 30 kg/m(2) com aqueles com um IMC superior, se encontrou uma diferença significativa na mortalidade entre os dois grupos e um impacto significativo em termos de consumo de recursos em pacientes com IMC > 30 kg/m(2). Conclusões: No México temos que mudar o ponto de corte do índice de massa corporal à 30 kg/m(2) quando comparamos a mortalidade e o consumo de recursos em pacientes internados na UTI. Este estudo abre a possibilidade de um estudo multicêntrico para confirmar estes resultados.

Retención compleja de terceros molares asociada a quistes de los maxilares. Presentación de un caso / Complex retention of third molars associated with maxillary cysts. A case report

Se describe el concepto de dientes retenidos, algunas características de los mismos y formas más frecuentes de presentación. El paciente objeto de estudio muestra una retención dentaria compleja de los terceros molares, a la que se le asocia un quiste globulomaxilar y un quiste dentígero. Ambas lesiones fueron tratadas en 2 tiempos quirúrgicos y se obtuvo una evolución favorable con esta conducta terapéutica. Se mantuvo una actitud expectante con los terceros molares superiores alojados en los senos maxilares, y hasta hoy el paciente se ha mantenido asintomático clínica y radiográficamente