Supplementation with live Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii during the initial 42 days of the feedlot phase in Nellore beef cattle.

This study aimed to assess the effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii CNCM I-1079 supplementation during the initial feeding period on the performance of Nellore bulls in a feedlot system. One hundred ninety-eight Nellore bulls were used in a completely randomized block design, with blocking based on weight within each treatment group: light (331.4 kg; 4 pens), medium (349.7 kg; 4 pens), and heavy (362.5 kg; 3 pens). The treatments included CON-a basal diet, and SCB-basal diet plus a probiotic (Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii CNCM I-1079; 1.0 × 1010 CFU/head/d). Experimental diets were administered for the first 42 d (21 d in the step-up phase and 21 d in the finishing diet -870 g concentrate/kg dry matter [DM]). Subsequently, both treatment groups were transitioned to the same basal diet for an additional 76 d, completing 118 d on feed. Linear regression analysis was conducted for dry matter intake (DMI) data. During the initial 42 d, DMI tended to be higher for SCB (P = 0.09); also bulls fed SCB reached the plateau of the curve at 9.17 kg DMI/d earlier (39 d, R2 = 0.97) than those fed CON (43 d; R2 = 0.96) diets. For the first 42 d, the SCB treatment exhibited higher final weight (393.0 vs. 401.4 kg, P = 0.02), total gain (49.3 vs. 53.5 kg, P = 0.02), daily weight gain (1.124 vs. 1.274 kg, P = 0.02), and G:F (0.174 vs. 0.188, P = 0.04). Over the entire 118-d period, SCB-fed bulls had greater final body weight (509.5 vs. 518.0 kg, P = 0.02), total body weight gain (163.7 vs. 170.3 kg, P = 0.01), and average daily gain (1.366 vs. 1.420 kg, P = 0.01). The feed efficiency of SCB-supplemented bulls was 8.05% higher than CON (P = 0.04), and the final carcass weight was 1.69% greater for animals fed SCB (283.8 vs. 288.6 kg, P = 0.04). Total carcass weight gain (110.9 vs. 114.7 kg) and daily carcass weight gain (0.924 vs. 0.956 kg) tended (P = 0.06) to increase by 3.46% in SCB-fed animals compared with those fed CON. Gain yield, carcass conversion, and carcass yield did not differ between treatments. There were no significant differences in the apparent digestibility of DM, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and ether extract between treatments. However, starch digestibility (92.7% vs. 88%) was greater for the control treatment (P < 0.001). Including live Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii yeast as a probiotic supplement during the initial 42 d in the feedlot enhanced early-stage growth performance in Nellore bulls. Notably, this supplementation carried over carcass gain over the entire feedlot period.

Anderson localization induced by interaction in linearly coupled binary Bose-Einstein condensates.

In this paper we investigate the existence of Anderson localization induced by one specific component of a binary Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC). We use a mean-field approach, in which each type of particle of the BEC is considered as a specific field, and we consider that only one kind of particle is subject to a quasiperiodic potential, which induces a localization in the partner field. We assume the system is under a Rabi coupling, i.e., a linear coupling mixing the two-field component, and we investigate the conditions associated with the parameter values of the system for observing the localization. Numerical simulations are performed, confirming the existence of Anderson localization in the partner field.

Double-layer Bose-Einstein condensates: A quantum phase transition in the transverse direction, and reduction to two dimensions.

We revisit the problem of the reduction of the three-dimensional (3D) dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensates, under the action of strong confinement in one direction (z), to a 2D mean-field equation. We address this problem for the confining potential with a singular term, viz., V_{z}(z)=2z^{2}+ζ^{2}/z^{2}, with constant ζ. A quantum phase transition is induced by the latter term, between the ground state (GS) of the harmonic oscillator and the 3D condensate split in two parallel noninteracting layers, which is a manifestation of the "superselection" effect. A realization of the respective physical setting is proposed, making use of resonant coupling to an optical field, with the resonance detuning modulated along z. The reduction of the full 3D Gross-Pitaevskii equation (GPE) to the 2D nonpolynomial Schrödinger equation (NPSE) is based on the factorized ansatz, with the z -dependent multiplier represented by an exact GS solution of the 1D Schrödinger equation with potential V_{z}(z). For both repulsive and attractive signs of the nonlinearity, the 2D NPSE produces GS and vortex states, that are virtually indistinguishable from the respective numerical solutions provided by full 3D GPE. In the case of the self-attraction, the threshold for the onset of the collapse, predicted by the 2D NPSE, is also virtually identical to its counterpart obtained from the 3D equation. In the same case, stability and instability of vortices with topological charge S=1, 2, and 3 are considered in detail. Thus, the procedure of the spatial-dimension reduction, 3D → 2D, produces very accurate results, and it may be used in other settings.

Indicador de saúde entre idosos ativos e insuficientemente ativos residentes em ¨¢reas rurais / Health indicators among elderly active and insufficiently active residents in rural areas

Modelo do estudo: Estudo transversal. Objetivo do estudo: Analisar a associação entre indicadores de sa¨²de em idosos ativos e insuficientemente ativos. Metodologia: Estudo realizado em indiv¨ªduos com 60 anos ou mais, residentes na ¨¢rea rural de Jequi¨¦ ¨C BA, Brasil, cadastrados no programa Estrat¨¦gia Sa¨²de da Fam¨ªlia do distrito de Itajur¨². Foram analisadas as caracter¨ªsticas sociodemogr¨¢ficas, comportamentais, estado de sa¨²de, hist¨®rico de quedas, estado cognitivo e Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC).Para an¨¢lise dos dados, utilizaram-se procedimentos da estat¨ªstica descritiva, testes Qui-quadrado, teste¡°t¡± para amostras independentes e U de Mann-Whitney (n¨ªvel de significância utilizado pd¡±0,05). Resultados: Foram entrevistados 95 idosos, sendo 55 mulheres e 40 homens com idade entre 60 e 96 anos(73,5 ¡À 9,4). A preval¨ºncia de inatividade f¨ªsica foi de 40%, mostrando-se superior entre os idosos que relataram viver sozinho, que apresentaram d¨¦ficit cognitivo, que não sabiam ler e escrever, e com hist¨®rico de quedas no ¨²ltimo ano. Os idosos mais jovens e com menor IMC eram mais ativos, quando comparados com seus pares. Conclusão: Os idosos que não alcançaram as recomendações de n¨ªveis adequados de atividade f¨ªsica apresentaram condições de sa¨²de mais desfavor¨¢veis. Recomenda-se a implementação de pol¨ªticas p¨²blicas para promoção da atividade f¨ªsica no intuito de melhorar as condições de sa¨²de, em especial os idosos residentes de ¨¢reas rurais...

Study design: cross-sectional study. Study objective: To examine the association between health indicators in active and insufficiently active older adults. Methodology: The study included individuals 60 years or older residing in rural Jequie - BA who were registered in the Family Health Strategy program in the district Itajur¨². Sociodemographic data, behavioral characteristics, health status, history of falls, cognitive status and body mass index (BMI) were analyzed. For data analysis, we used the procedures of descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, ¡°t¡± test for independent samples and the Mann-Whitney test (significance level p ¡Ü0.05). Results: Ninety-five individuals were interviewed, including 55 women and 40 men between the ages of 60 and 96 years (73.5 ¡À 9.4). The prevalence of physical inactivity was 40%, being higher among the elderly who live alone reported that patients with cognitive impairment, who could not read and write with a history of falls in the last year. The older people with lower BMI were more active compared to their peers. Conclusion: The elderly who not reached the recommended adequate levels of physical activity had health conditions more unfavorable. We recommend the implementation of public policies to promote physical activity in order to improve health conditions, especially the elderly residents of rural areas...