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1.
Addiction ; 89(7): 821-30, 1994 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8081180

ABSTRACT

Benzodiazepine hypnotics are widely abused as part of a polydrug misuse culture. This study set out to investigate some pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of a novel method of abuse, snorting, of flunitrazepam. Twenty healthy volunteers took part: three took 0.5 mg, three took 1 mg, three took 1.5 mg, six took 2 mg and five took placebo. Blood was sampled and ratings of mood, bodily symptoms, strength and liking of drug effect were completed pre- and at 5, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 240 minutes and at 24 hours post-drug. It was found that flunitrazepam could be detected in venous blood 5 minutes after intake. As the dose increased, the peak plasma concentration was higher but also occurred progressively later, the levels reached being comparable to oral or intramuscular administration at 110 minutes. Subjects reported sedation but complained of few side-effects. They liked the drug effects and subjective ratings of strength were correlated with liking and with plasma drug levels.


Subject(s)
Flunitrazepam/pharmacokinetics , Substance-Related Disorders/blood , Administration, Inhalation , Adult , Affect/drug effects , Arousal/drug effects , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drug Administration Schedule , Female , Flunitrazepam/administration & dosage , Humans , Male , Single-Blind Method , Substance-Related Disorders/psychology
2.
Rev Saude Publica ; 37(4): 503-9, 2003 Aug.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12937712

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between blood lead concentration (Pb-S), and sociodemographic parameters among children. METHODS: Blood lead concentration (Pb-S) was determined in 243 children (aged 5.94 +/- 2.78 years) in the district of Valencia. The required analysis was performed at the Center for Toxicological Investigations of University of Carabobo (CITUC), Venezuela, between January 1st, 1998 to December 31st, 2000. Geographical Information Systems (GIS) technology was used for data mapping. RESULTS: Average Pb-S (11.62 ug/dl) was significantly higher than the allowed levels. One hundred and fifty (61.7%) children had Pb-S levels above the allowed concentration (VSLP) and this amount was significantly high in relation to the total number of subjects studied. The logistic regression analysis showed a significant association of sectors 12 (status A) and 16 and 28 (status C) with VSLP (R=0.1189; p<0,01; R=0.1202, p<0,01 and R=0.1189; p<0.01, respectively). Odds ratio showed that children from status C are 7,286 times more likely to have Pb-S VSLP than those from A or B. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms that SGI and epidemiological-statistical methods widen the possibilities of preventing contaminants' adverse health effects. It also shows that correlating geographical and health data has allowed to identifying "high risk" areas, leading to a pro-active public health action


Subject(s)
Environmental Exposure , Lead Poisoning/blood , Lead/blood , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Geographic Information Systems , Humans , Infant , Longitudinal Studies , Male , Retrospective Studies , Socioeconomic Factors
3.
Medwave ; 19(11): e7753, 2019.
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1049143

ABSTRACT

Introducción La adolescencia es una de las etapas de la vida que presenta mayor cantidad de suicidios. En Perú, 22% de los suicidios ocurren en personas entre 10 y 19 años. Sin embargo, existen pocos estudios en salud mental y sobre los factores asociados con los comportamientos suicidas. Objetivo Determinar la prevalencia de comportamientos suicidas (ideación e ideación más planificación suicida) y sus factores asociados en adolescentes escolares peruanos. Métodos Se realizó un estudio transversal que analizó los datos para Perú de la Global School-based Student Health 2010, para medir la prevalencia de comportamientos suicidas (ideación e ideación más planificación) y sus factores asociados en adolescentes peruanos. Resultados De los 2521 estudiantes evaluados, el 19,9% (intervalo de confianza 95%: 17,8 a 22,2) presentaron ideación suicida el 12,7% (intervalo de confianza 95%: 11,1 a 14,5) presentaron planificación suicida en los últimos 12 meses. En las mujeres se presentó una mayor prevalencia de ideación (27,5%, intervalo de confianza 95%: 24,9 a 30,4) e ideación más planificación suicida (18,5%, intervalo de confianza 95%: 16,4 a 20,7) en comparación con los hombres. El análisis multivariado encontró que ser mujer, tener poco apoyo o comprensión de los padres, sentirse solo, haber sufrido agresiones físicas, haber sido acosado y el consumo de alcohol se asociaron con la ideación e ideación más la planificación suicida en estudiantes adolescentes. Conclusión La ideación y la ideación más la planificación suicida son un problema en la población adolescente peruana y se vincula con varios factores. Se necesitan estrategias para identificar y registrar el suicidio entre los adolescentes en Perú y para desarrollar programas de prevención.


Introduction Adolescence is one of the stages in life most affected by suicide. In Peru, 22% of suicides occur in people 10 to 19 years old. However, mental health overall and factors associated with suicidal behaviors have not been well studied. Objective To determine the prevalence of suicidal behaviors (ideation and ideation plus suicidal planning) and associated factors in Peruvian adolescent students. Methods A cross-sectional study analyzing data from the Global School-based Student Health Survey for Peru in 2010 was conducted to measure the prevalence of suicidal behaviors (ideation and ideation plus suicidal planning) and associated factors in Peruvian adolescent students. Results Of the 2521 students evaluated, 19.9% (95% CI: 17.8 to 22.2) presented suicidal ideation and 12.7% (95% CI: 11.1 to 14.5) presented suicidal planning in the last 12 months. Females had a higher prevalence of both ideation (27.5%, 95% CI: 24.9 to 30.4) and ideation plus suicidal planning (18.5%, 95% CI: 16.4 to 20.7). Multivariate analysis found that being female, having little parental support, having felt loneliness, having suffered from physical aggression, having been bullied, and alcohol consumption, were associated with ideation and ideation plus suicidal planning in adolescent students. Conclusion Ideation and ideation plus suicidal planning is a problem in the Peruvian adolescent population and is associated with several factors. Strategies are needed to identify and register suicide in adolescents in Peru and to develop prevention programs.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Young Adult , Students/statistics & numerical data , Suicide/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent Behavior/psychology , Peru/epidemiology , Schools , Students/psychology , Suicide/psychology , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Health Surveys
5.
Rev Med Chil ; 127(11): 1313-20, 1999 Nov.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10835717

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Smoking is the main single avoidable cause of death in our country. Little research in the treatment of such disorder has been made. AIM: To report the results of a prospective follow up for one year of outpatients from our "Smoker's Clinic" at the Department of Psychiatry of the Catholic University. PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred twenty-seven patients (84 male, aged 21 to 70 years old), with DSM-IV criteria for nicotine dependence, were included in a total of 18 groups. Each group received an intensive treatment program of 10 sessions with cognitive-behavioral relapse prevention techniques and nicotine replacement. Patients with active psychiatric diseases were not included in the program. RESULTS: Eighty-seven percent of subjects were abstinent at the first month and 50% were still abstinent after twelve months of follow up. We did not find differences in gender, age, previous psychiatric disease, number of cigarettes and breath carbon monoxide level between abstinent and non abstinent patients after 12 months of follow up. CONCLUSION: This intensive nicotine dependence treatment in seriously dependent patients, proved to be successful, regardless of the previous psychiatric history.


Subject(s)
Psychotherapy, Group , Tobacco Use Disorder/therapy , Adult , Aged , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Nicotine/administration & dosage , Nicotinic Agonists/administration & dosage , Prospective Studies , Treatment Outcome
6.
Rev. saúde pública ; 37(4): 503-509, ago. 2003. mapas, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-344884

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Establecer la relación entre concentración de plomo en sangre (Pb-S) y parámetros demográficos y socioeconómicos, en una población infantil. METODOS: Se estableció la relación entre la concentración de plomo en sangre (Pb-S), de 243 niños (promedio de edad 5,94Ý2,78 años), que asistieron al Centro de Investigaciones Toxicológicas de la Universidad de Carabobo (CITUC), Venezuela (periodo 1998-2000). Se utilizó tecnología de Sistemas Geográficos de Información (SGI), ubicando espacialmente a los niños, asociando de forma gráfica la procedencia de éstos con los resultados analíticos. RESULTADOS: El promedio de Pb-S de la población total (11,62 ug/dl), fue significativamente superior al límite permisible (CDC=10 ug/dl). El número de niños con valores superiores al límite permisible de Pb-S (VSLP) [150; 61,7por cento], fue significativamente alto (p<0,01) con respecto a la población total. Al asociar mediante regresión logística, la frecuencia de niños con VSLP con los sectores de procedencia, se demostró que los sectores 12, 16 y 28 presentaron correlaciones parciales directas significativas (R=0,1189; p<0,01; R=0,1202, p<0,01 y R=0,1189; p<0,01 respectivamente). Al asociar la frecuencia de niños con VSLP y su categorización socioeconómica, el análisis de regresión logística reveló que para los niños con VSLP, la probabilidad de pertenecer a la categorización C se incrementa en un factor de 7.286. CONCLUSIONS: El estudio confirma que la utilización de SGI y métodos epidemiológico-estadísticos, extiende las posibilidades de prevención de enfermedades producidas por contaminantes como el Pb y que correlacionando datos geográficos y de salud, se pueden identificar áreas de "alto riesgo", conduciendo a una acción pro-activa de salud pública


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Lead/blood , Environmental Exposure , Lead Poisoning , Geography , Information Systems
9.
Rev. argent. micol ; 17(3): 7-11, 1994. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-152073

ABSTRACT

Se comunica un caso de nocardiosis linfangítica en un paciente de sexo masculino de 53 años de edad, residente en Nogolí (Pcia. de San Luis), hachero, que presenta nódulos con disposición linfangítica en la pierna derecha y una lesión inicial en la cara interna del miembro inferior derecho de tipo úlcero-costrosa vegetante de bordes indurados y secreción purulenta, que clínicamente simulaba una esporotricosis. Los estudios micológicos y aislamiento del agente etiológico, sus características morfológicas y fisiológicas permiten fundamentar el hallazgo de Nocardia brasiliensis. El diagnóstico diferencial con otras patologías es de importancia y en especial con esporotricosis linfangítica gomosa, cuyo cuadro clínico es similar. El paciente fue tratado con la asociación trimetoprima-sulfametoxazol con lo que se obtuvo remisión del cuadro clínico


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Nocardia Infections/diagnosis , Nocardia/isolation & purification , Lymphangitis/etiology , Nocardia Infections/drug therapy
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