Knowledge graph and development hotspots of biochar as an emerging aquatic antibiotic remediator: A scientometric exploration based on VOSviewer and CiteSpace.

As an emerging material in the field of environmental remediation, biochar produced by carbonisation of organic solid waste has been widely used in the remediation of antibiotic wastewater due to its environmental friendliness and excellent adsorption properties. This study analyses the current literature in the field in a comprehensive and scientific manner using CiteSpace and VOSviewer technologies. Between 2011 and 2023, a total of 1162 papers were published in this domain, spanning three distinct stages: applied methods, mechanism investigation, and enhanced improvement. The results of keyword clustering indicate that the remediation of antibiotics complexed with multiple pollutants by biochar is the main research topic, followed by the remediation of antibiotics by biochar in combination with other technologies. Furthermore, drawing from current research hotspots in antibiotic remediation using biochar, this study identified the pivotal mechanisms involved: (1) The primary mechanisms by which raw biochar remediates antibiotics include π-π electron donor-acceptor interactions, hydrophobic interactions, electrostatic interactions, hydrogen-bonding, and pore filling. (2) Steam activation, acid/base, metal salt/metal oxide, and clay mineral modification can improve the physical/chemical properties of biochar, enhancing its adsorptive removal of antibiotics. (3) Biochar activated persulfate and degraded antibiotics via free radical pathways (SO4-•, •OH and O2-•) as well as non-free radical pathways (1O2 and electron transfer). In addition, the challenge and prospect of biochar engineering applications for antibiotic remediation lies in improving the main mechanism of antibiotic remediation by biochar. The prospective utilization of biochar in enhancing the remediation of antibiotic-related pollutants holds tremendous value for the future.

Financial Implications of Early Hospital Discharge After AML-Like Induction Chemotherapy: A 4-Year Retrospective Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Early hospital discharge (EHD) after intensive acute myeloid leukemia (AML) induction chemotherapy has become routine at the University of Washington/Seattle Cancer Care Alliance over the past several years. We assessed the financial implications of EHD over the first 4 years after its broad adoption for patients with AML and other high-grade myeloid neoplasms undergoing AML-like induction chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively compared charges between 189 patients with EHD who received all postinduction inpatient/outpatient care within our care system between August 2014 and July 2018 and 139 medically matched control patients who remained hospitalized for logistical reasons. Charges from the day of initial discharge (patients with EHD) or end of chemotherapy (control patients) until blood count recovery, additional chemotherapy or care transition, hospital discharge (for control patients only), an elapse of 42 days, or death were extracted from financial databases and separated into categories: facility/provider, emergency department, transfusions, laboratory, imaging, pharmacy, and miscellaneous. RESULTS: Combined charges averaged $4,157/day (range, $905-$13,119/day) for patients with EHD versus $9,248/day (range, $4,363-$48,522/day) for control patients (P<.001). The EHD cohort had lower mean facility/provider, transfusion, laboratory, and pharmacy charges but not imaging or miscellaneous charges. During readmissions, there was no statistically significant difference in daily inpatient charges between the EHD and control cohorts. After multivariable adjustment, average charges were $3,837/day lower for patients with EHD (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: Together with previous data from our center showing that EHD is safe and associated with reduced healthcare resource utilization, this study further supports this care approach for AML and other high-grade myeloid neoplasms if infrastructure is available to enable close outpatient follow-up.

Quantitative metabolomic analysis reveals the fractionation of active compounds during lemon fruit juicing.

In this study, metabolomic analysis was employed to investigate the separation (fractionation) of active compounds into lemon juice (LJ) and lemon pomace (LP) during lemon juicing. A total of 968 metabolites were identified, and 438 differentially abundant metabolites (DAMs) were screened out between LJ and LP, suggesting significant metabolite fractionation during juicing. The "flavonoids", "phenolic acids", and "saccharides and alcohols" were mainly retained in the LP, while the fractionation of major "organic acids" was differentiated. Seven of the 12 potential bitter metabolites were more abundant in the LP and two were more abundant in the LJ, suggesting that LP would be more bitter. L-Ascorbic acid, thiamine, and acitretin were significantly lost during juicing, while riboflavin was newly dissolved during juicing. The antioxidant capacity of LP was significantly higher than that of LJ, which was closely related to the higher abundance of phenolic acid metabolites in LP. These findings suggtested that promoting the release of flavonoids and phenolic acids from LP is a potential strategy to improve the quality of LJ. Results also provides important information and reference for developing high-value products by using LP.

Advances in genome editing technology and its promising application in evolutionary and ecological studies.

Genetic modification has long provided an approach for "reverse genetics", analyzing gene function and linking DNA sequence to phenotype. However, traditional genome editing technologies have not kept pace with the soaring progress of the genome sequencing era, as a result of their inefficiency, time-consuming and labor-intensive methods. Recently, invented genome modification technologies, such as ZFN (Zinc Finger Nuclease), TALEN (Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nuclease), and CRISPR/Cas9 nuclease (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/Cas9 nuclease) can initiate genome editing easily, precisely and with no limitations by organism. These new tools have also offered intriguing possibilities for conducting functional large-scale experiments. In this review, we begin with a brief introduction of ZFN, TALEN, and CRISPR/Cas9 technologies, then generate an extensive prediction of effective TALEN and CRISPR/Cas9 target sites in the genomes of a broad range of taxonomic species. Based on the evidence, we highlight the potential and practicalities of TALEN and CRISPR/Cas9 editing in non-model organisms, and also compare the technologies and test interesting issues such as the functions of candidate domesticated, as well as candidate genes in life-environment interactions. When accompanied with a high-throughput sequencing platform, we forecast their potential revolutionary impacts on evolutionary and ecological research, which may offer an exciting prospect for connecting the gap between DNA sequence and phenotype in the near future.

Multistage regulator based on tandem promoters and CRISPR/Cas.

Accurately controlling expression of target genes between several designed levels is essential for low-noise gene network and dynamic range of gene expression. However, such manipulations have been hard to achieve due to technical limitations. Based on tandem promoters and CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/Cas (CRISPR-associated) system, we constructed a multistage regulator that could stably regulate the expression of the reporter gene on three levels, with more than 2-fold difference between each of them. Our findings provide novel insights into constructing a more powerful gene regulation system.