Charge Density Waves in YBa_{2}Cu_{3}O_{6.67} Probed by Resonant X-Ray Scattering under Uniaxial Compression.

We report a comprehensive Cu L_{3}-edge resonant x-ray scattering (RXS) study of two- and three-dimensional (2D and 3D) incommensurate charge correlations in single crystals of the underdoped high-temperature superconductor YBa_{2}Cu_{3}O_{6.67} under uniaxial compression up to 1% along the two inequivalent Cu─O─Cu bond directions (a and b) in the CuO_{2} planes. We confirm the strong in-plane anisotropy of the 2D charge correlations and observe their symmetric response to pressure: pressure along a enhances correlations along b, and vice versa. Our results imply that the underlying order parameter is uniaxial. In contrast, 3D long-range charge order is only observed along b in response to compression along a. Spectroscopic RXS measurements show that the 3D charge order resides exclusively in the CuO_{2} planes and may thus be generic to the cuprates. We discuss implications of these results for models of electronic nematicity and for the interplay between charge order and superconductivity.

Electron-phonon coupling and vibrational properties of size-selected linear carbon chains by resonance Raman scattering.

UV resonance Raman spectroscopy of size-selected linear sp-carbon chains unveils vibrational overtones and combinations up to the fifth order. Thanks to the tunability of the synchrotron source, we excited each H-terminated polyyne (HCnH with n = 8,10,12) to the maxima of its vibronic absorption spectrum allowing us to precisely determine the electronic and vibrational structure of the ground and excited states for the main observed vibrational mode. Selected transitions are shown to enhance specific overtone orders in the Raman spectrum in a specific way that can be explained by a simple analytical model based on Albrecht's theory of resonance Raman scattering. The determined Huang-Rhys factors indicate a strong and size-dependent electron-phonon coupling increasing with the sp-carbon chain length.

Uniaxial pressure control of competing orders in a high-temperature superconductor.

Cuprates exhibit antiferromagnetic, charge density wave (CDW), and high-temperature superconducting ground states that can be tuned by means of doping and external magnetic fields. However, disorder generated by these tuning methods complicates the interpretation of such experiments. Here, we report a high-resolution inelastic x-ray scattering study of the high-temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3O6.67 under uniaxial stress, and we show that a three-dimensional long-range-ordered CDW state can be induced through pressure along the a axis, in the absence of magnetic fields. A pronounced softening of an optical phonon mode is associated with the CDW transition. The amplitude of the CDW is suppressed below the superconducting transition temperature, indicating competition with superconductivity. The results provide insights into the normal-state properties of cuprates and illustrate the potential of uniaxial-pressure control of competing orders in quantum materials.

Echocardiographic and electrocardiographic parameters during the normal postpartum period in toy breeds of dogs.

The aim of this study was to evaluate echocardiographic and electrocardiographic parameters during the normal canine postpartum period. Twenty clinically healthy pregnant bitches of toy breeds (11 Miniature poodles, five Yorkshire terriers, two Maltese terriers and two Bichons Frises) were evaluated on days -3, 3, 10, 17, 24, 38, 52 and 80 relative to parturition (day 0). During the first postpartum week, the width of the interventricular septum in systole, the shortening fraction and the left atrium size decreased, while the left ventricle internal diameter in systole and end systolic stress increased. There were progressive decreases in the velocity of circumferential fibre shortening, stroke volume, cardiac output, and mitral E and A wave values. Systolic blood pressure increased markedly during the first postpartum week to gradually increase thereafter. Heart rate and corrected QT interval progressively decreased, while P wave amplitude increased. QRS complex amplitude decreased in the second week after parturition and then increased during the following weeks. In conclusion, there were changes in systolic function and some structural adaptive changes in the bitch during the first 80days postpartum. In addition, maternal heart rate and corrected QT interval decreased, while P wave and QRS amplitudes increased.

Combination dopamine agonist and prostaglandin agonist treatment of cystic endometrial hyperplasia-pyometra complex in the bitch.

Cystic endometrial hyperplasia-pyometra (CEH-P) complex is a progesterone-dependent disease that requires medical treatment in bitches intended for breeding. To test the efficacy and safety of a combined protocol and to assess the effect of age, stage of cycle, previous steroid hormone administration and parity on treatment, 29 bitches diagnosed with CEH-P complex were treated daily with cabergoline 5 microg/kg PO and cloprostenol 1 microg/kg SC for 7-14 days, along with supportive antibiotic and hydration therapies. Before treatment, and on Days 3, 7 and 14, all bitches were evaluated clinically and uterine horn diameter measured during trans-abdominal ultrasonography. Twenty-four of 29 bitches were cured by either Day 7 or 14. Nine bitches had mild digestive side effects. Clinical signs related to pyometra began to improve markedly as early as Day 2 of treatment. Uterine diameters decreased (P < 0.05) by Day 3 of treatment, and continued to gradually decrease, reaching normal size by Day 14. Relapses occurred in 6 of 29 cases. Pregnancy was achieved in one of the two young bitches bred after treatment. No significant relationships were found between success rate and age, stage of the estrous cycle, previous hormone administration or parity. Although no variables affecting treatment results could be identified, this combination of compounds was found to be an efficient and safe for treatment of CEH-P.

Uterine blood flow evaluation in bitches suffering from cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH) and CEH-pyometra complex.

Doppler ultrasound is a useful diagnosis tool to evaluate uterine blood flow in different canine reproductive states. The aim of this study was to describe and compare uterine blood flow in bitches suffering from cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH) and CEH-pyometra complex (CEH-P). Ninety diestrous bitches were clinically, hematologically, and ultrasonographically classified into four groups: (1) clinical signs, leukocytosis, CEH, and uterine luminal contents (CEH-P, n = 31); (2) asymptomatic bitches with CEH and uterine contents (CEH-C, n = 15); (3) asymptomatic bitches with CEH without uterine contents (CEH, n = 16); and (4) normal diestrous bitches (ND, n = 28). The widest cross-sectional diameter and uterine wall thickness (W) of uterine horns were measured using two-dimensional ultrasound. Peak systolic velocity and end diastolic velocity of uterine arteries were measured by Doppler ultrasound in all the bitches. Peak systolic velocity and end diastolic velocity were higher in CEH-P than in CEH-C, CEH, and ND (P < 0.01); although both parameters did not show differences among the latter three groups (P > 0.1). Conversely, resistance index (RI) reported lower values in CEH-P than that in the other three groups (P < 0.01), being ND higher (P < 0.01) than both CEH-C and CEH which did not differ between themselves (P > 0.1). When all the bitches were considered, correlation between RI and cross-sectional diameter was r = -0.69 (P < 0.01) and between RI and uterine wall thickness was r = -0.02 (P > 0.1). It is concluded that the uterine artery blood flow velocity of bitches suffering from pyometra was higher, not only from normal bitches, but also from females with endometrial hyperplasia. Furthermore, endometrial hyperplasia, accompanied or not by luminal contents, had a higher blood flow velocity than normal uterus. Hemodynamic parameters appear as useful markers to differentiate uterine pathologic conditions.

A combined approach for predicting the cytotoxic effect of drug-nanoaggregates.

We present a combined spectroscopic and computational approach aimed to elucidate the mechanism of formation and activity of etoposide nanoaggregates upon release from dextran-etoposide conjugates. Etoposide is an anticancer drug that inhibits cell growth by blocking Topoisomerase II, the key enzyme involved in re-ligation of the DNA chains during the replication process. In silico and spectroscopic analysis indicate that released etoposide nanoaggregates have a different structure, stability, and bioactivity, which depend on the pH experienced during the release. Molecular dynamics simulation and in silico docking of etoposide dimers suggest that the aggregation phenomena inhibit etoposide bioactivity, yet without drastically preventing Topoisomerase II binding. We correlated the diminished cytotoxic activity exerted by dextran-etoposide conjugates on the A549 lung cancer cells, compared to the free drug, to the formation and stability of drug nanoaggregates.

Antenatal sonographic diagnosis of single umbilical artery.

Seven fetuses with a single umbilical artery were detected at the perinatal ultrasound unit of Yale University during a one-year period. Other sonographic abnormalities included hydramnios (four cases) and intrauterine growth retardation (two cases). Two neonates died shortly after birth, two others survived with abnormalities, and three were normal. The varied sonographic appearances of single umbilical artery are illustrated and contrasted with sonograms of normal umbilical cords.

Diagnosis and management of fetal teratomas.

Teratomas are the most common neoplasms in newborns. It is now possible to detect these lesions with ultrasound before birth. Presented are six teratomas in a variety of locations diagnosed in utero (three sacrococcygeal, two oral cavity, and one intracranial). As these lesions are usually benign and often curable, the authors believe an aggressive, combined obstetric, pediatric, and surgical approach is warranted.

Diagnosis and management of fetal holoprosencephaly.

The holoprosencephalies are a spectrum of cerebral and facial malformations resulting from incomplete division of the embryonic forebrain. Using ultrasound to search for structural defects in the fetal brain and to measure interorbital distances, the alobar variety can be diagnosed antenatally. A series of seven cases is presented. Criteria for diagnosis and guidelines for obstetric management are presented.

The obstetric significance of holoprosencephaly.

The present study reviews the entity of holoprosencephaly as it relates to obstetric diagnosis and management. Classification, embryology, and etiology are summarized. Serial sonographic findings in a recent case of holoprosencephaly complicated by hydrocephalus are presented. Criteria for antenatal diagnosis and newborn recognition as well as an approach to management are proposed.

Perinatal management of meningomyelocele.

During a 24-month period, nine neonates with a meningomyelocele were delivered. Of these, four meningomyeloceles were detected antenatally with ultrasound during the third trimester. Sonographic diagnosis was based upon a discontinuity in the fetal spine and the presence of a protruding sac. Obstetric management included serial sonography until fetal pulmonic maturity was established, and subsequent low transverse cesarean section. A method of atraumatic abdominal delivery is described. Neonatal management consisted of early closure of the spinal defect and appropriate shunting of hydrocephalus. A team approach to the perinatal management of meningomyelocele is recommended for optimal outcome.

Diagnosis and management of fetal cephalocele.

During a two-year period, nine cases of cephalocele were evaluated at the authors' perinatal ultrasound unit. There was one false positive and one false negative diagnosis. In five cases, multiple anomalies were present; three as part of the amnion rupture sequence. The obstetric management consisted of elective termination of pregnancy in five cases and cesarean section in four. The value of sonography in the diagnosis of cephalocele and associated syndromes and malformations is discussed. A plan of management and counseling based upon current understanding of prognosis is presented.

Diagnosis of ventriculomegaly before fetal viability.

Thirteen cases of documented ventriculomegaly were diagnosed between 19 and 24 weeks of gestation. In 11 cases, the lateral ventricle/hemispheric width ratio was abnormally increased at the time of the first ultrasound examination, and in two, the lateral ventricle/hemispheric width ratios were initially in the high normal range. Severe ventriculomegaly was observed in both of the latter cases when repeat examinations were performed two weeks later. In 12 cases (92%), the biparietal diameter (BPD) was appropriate for gestational age, whereas the BPD was increased in only one. Two of the affected fetuses were found in conjunction with normal twins. This series suggests that fetal ventriculomegaly can be accurately diagnosed before fetal viability using the lateral ventricle/hemispheric width ratio.

Primary retroperitoneal extraosseous osteogenic sarcoma: A case report and review of the literature.

A case of retroperitoneal extra-osseous osteogenic sarcoma is reviewed, as well as the criteria necessary for the diagnosis. The general characteristics and the differential diagnosis of the tumor are also presented.

In memory of G. N. Papanicolaou in the centennial of his birth.

The author recalls the most important events in the life of George N. Papanicolaou, "the father of modern cytology", underlining the social message arising out of his scientific achievement and moral personality.

Surgical potpourri.

Six unusual surgical case are reported and the literature reviewed. The cases are: 1. Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the submaxillary gland 2. Parathyroid carcinoma 3. Squamous cell cancer of the pancreas 4. Leiomyosarcoma of the abdomen (two cases) 5. Myelolipoma of the adrenal gland These are representative cases from a general surgeon's practice, emphasizing the variety of interesting patients that the general surgeon cares for, and the scope of surgical knowledge that must be continually maintained. One of the attractions of having a practice in general surgery is that it provides the opportunity to diagnose and treat patients with a variety of conditions requiring surgical intervention. Reviewed here are six recent operative cases, their presentation, and management.

Integrating computers into the nursing environment.

A computerized nursing system has many benefits for both the nursing staff and the hospital. Adequate planning and orientation are essential in order for nurses at the bedside to use the system and to reap its full benefits. The author gives an overview of some of the effects of nursing along with some applications to clinical practice that bear directly on staff nurses.

Nanomedicines for antimicrobial interventions.

The development of new antimicrobial therapeutic tools addresses the emergence of multidrug-resistant micro-organisms or clones and the need for more effective antimicrobial strategies. Overcoming the hurdles in providing early diagnosis and intervention on hard-to-reach and/or resting bacteria (i.e. biofilm-embedded cells) represents a challenging task. In this review, we identify a set of organic, inorganic, and hybrid materials that might be used for prevention and control of healthcare-associated infections. We report the current knowledge on nano- and microparticle-based antimicrobial agents and describe the possible mode of their action.