ABSTRACT
The recent elucidation both of the mechanisms involved in pancreatic cancer carcinogenesis and the related molecular events, has led to several distinct therapeutic advances, including many novel target agents, such as monoclonal antibodies against EGFR, EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors, monoclonal antibody against VEGF, farnesyl transferase inhibitors, matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors, COX 2 inhibitors, and the development of gene therapy to target pancreatic cancer. This review highlights recent findings in the treatment of pancreatic cancer by using these novel therapeutic approaches.
Subject(s)
Pancreatic Neoplasms/therapy , Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Disease Progression , Drug Delivery Systems , ErbB Receptors/antagonists & inhibitors , Farnesyltranstransferase/antagonists & inhibitors , Gene Targeting , Humans , Metalloproteases/antagonists & inhibitors , NF-kappa B/antagonists & inhibitors , Pancreatic Neoplasms/enzymology , Pancreatic Neoplasms/genetics , Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology , Protease Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/antagonists & inhibitorsABSTRACT
We hypothesised that anemia could represent an important prognostic factor and perioperative blood transfusions do not reduce the risk of relapse. In order to explore this topic, we assessed the correlation of preoperative anemia and blood transfusions with survival in patients with resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients who underwent radical surgery for NSCLC at the Department of Thoracic Surgery of Università Politecnica delle Marche from January 1996 through December 2001, were included in our study. Four hundred and thirty-nine patients were eligible for our analysis. Survival appeared worse in patients with haemoglobin (Hb) < or =10 g/dl versus Hb >10 g/dl (p=0.012). Stratifying patients in three groups on their Hb level (group 1: Hb < or =10 g/dl; group 2: Hb=10-12 g/dl; group 3: Hb > or =12 g/dl), we observed a worse prognosis in patients with lower Hb levels, too (p=0.0325) and also in the transfused population (p=0.046). At multivariate analysis, only the age of patients, pathological stage and Hb levels resulted indicators of prognosis. Our results suggested that anemia could represent an important prognostic factor in resected NSCLC and correction of anemia in the perioperative setting does not reduce the risk of relapse.
Subject(s)
Blood Transfusion , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/diagnosis , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/surgery , Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis , Lung Neoplasms/surgery , Adult , Age Factors , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Multivariate Analysis , Prognosis , Proportional Hazards Models , Recurrence , Sex Factors , Time Factors , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Many authors agree on the idea that the affective and behavioural characteristic of a certain type of family encourages the use of the body as a primary means of communication with others. This way of communicating has usually been acquired during childhood and later, in the adult life, it appears again in the different social contests. Some authors like Alby, Levy, Baker, Parker, Lipscombe, Marcelli, Bianchi and others focus on this type of family interaction and the single characteristic of the personalities of each family member. These authors describe some relationship patterns used by hypochondriac patient such as: avoiding unpleasant situations, blaming others, adopt a sick-role as a way of controlling the relationship between existential events and somatic symptoms; relationship with physicians and the need to confirm her/himself.
Subject(s)
Family , Hypochondriasis/psychology , Physician-Patient Relations , Anxiety , Classification , Conversion Disorder/psychology , Humans , Mother-Child Relations , Sick RoleABSTRACT
The availability of different treatment options for radically resectable gastric cancer reopened the question of treatment selection and correct definition of high-risk categories. Lymphatic, blood vessel and perineural invasion (LBVI/PNI) seem to possess the necessary potential to provide useful information for the clinical management of this disease. Seven hundred and thirty-four patients with advanced gastric cancer who underwent curative gastrectomy were analysed according to the presence of LBVI/PNI. Patients were divided into two groups: group A for patients with LBVI/PNI (189 patients 26%) and group B for patients without LBVI/PNI (545 patients, 74%). The disease-free survival (DFS) for patients in group A was 32.1 months, whereas it was not reached for patients in group B (P=0.0001); the median overall survival was 45.5 months for patients in group A, whereas it was not reached for patients in group B (P=0.0001). At multivariate analysis, the presence of LBVI/PNI appeared an independent prognostic factor for DFS and OS. Our results were confirmed in subgroup analysis, separately considering stage I and early gastric cancer patients with and without LBVI/PNI. Taken together, our findings suggest the importance of LBVI/PNI in gastric cancer as it may provide additional information for identifying patients at high risk, who may be candidates for further medical treatment after or before surgery.