Clinical characteristics and prognostic risk factors of candidemia in non-neutropenic patients: a retrospective cohort study.

This study aimed to determine the clinical characteristics and the prognostic risk factors in non-neutropenic patients with candidemia. Data were retrospectively collected through the medical record information system. Non-neutropenic patients with candidemia were relatively aged, with a more than one-third rate of in-hospitalization mortality. In multivariate analysis, APACHE II score (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.138; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.067-1.213), septic shock (aOR, 5.704; 95% CI, 2.639-12.326) and RRT (aOR, 16.152; 95% CI, 2.628-99.275) (all P < 0.01) were independent related with non-survivors. In conclusion, non-neutropenic patients with candidemia have a high in-hospitalization mortality, and APACHE II, septic shock, and RRT are independently factors.

Clinical efficacy and safety of radiofrequency catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation in patients aged ≥80 years.

AIM: To evaluate the clinical safety and efficacy of radiofrequency catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients aged ≥80 years. METHODS: A total of 333 AF patients aged ≥60 years were enrolled, who underwent contact force-guided radiofrequency catheter ablation with uninterrupted anticoagulation. All patients were followed-up for at least 12 months. Success was defined by the absence of episodes of AF/atrial tachycardia lasting more than 30 seconds after a 3-month blanking period, without antiarrhythmic drugs. RESULTS: Compared to patients aged 60-79 years (Group 2, n = 244), patients aged ≥80 years (Group 1, n = 89) were presented with higher rate of diabetes (36.0% vs 22.1%, P = .011), lower body mass index (23.4 ± 3.1 vs 24.9 ± 3.4 kg/m2 , P = .001), lower creatinine clearance (56.9 ± 16.5 vs 83.3 ± 24.5 mL/min, P < .001), higher CHA2 DS2 -VASc score (4.3 ± 1.3 vs 3.3 ± 1.4, P < .001), and HAS-BLED score (2.2 ± 0.8 vs 1.8 ± 0.8, P < .001). Wide antral pulmonary vein isolation was achieved in all patients, and there was no significant difference in procedure time, ablation time, fluoroscopy time, and complications rate between two age groups (P > .05). After a mean follow-up of 24.4 ± 9.6 months, the overall success rate was 78.2% in Group 1 and 78.9% in Group 2 (P = .622). CONCLUSIONS: Radiofrequency ablation with contact force sensing catheters for AF is safe and effective in selected patients aged ≥80 years.

ABCA1 variants rs2230806 (R219K), rs4149313 (M8831I), and rs9282541 (R230C) are associated with susceptibility to coronary heart disease.

BACKGROUND: To investigate the association between three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of ABCA1 gene and susceptibility to coronary heart disease (CHD) in Chinese Han population. METHODS: A total of 484 CHD patients and 488 controls were included in the study. Three SNPs rs2230806 (R219K), rs4149313 (M8831I), and rs9282541 (R230C) in ABCA1 gene were genotyped by SNaPshot. RESULTS: Single nucleotide polymorphism rs1800977 was associated with susceptibility to CHD (AA vs GG, P = 0.013; A vs G, P = 0.029; recessive model, P = 0.020). Rs4149313 (AA vs GG, P = 0.010; recessive model, P = 0.011) and rs9282541 (T vs C, P = 0.029; dominant model, P = 0.039) were also risk factor for CHD. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that three SNPs rs2230806, rs4149313, and rs9282541 in ABCA1 gene are significantly associated with susceptibility to CHD; further mechanism should be performed to be applied to drug research and development.

Synthesis and antitumor activity evaluation of novel ursolic acid derivatives.

Eleven novel ursolic acid (UA) derivatives were designed and synthesized with modification at positions of C-2, C-3, and C-28 of UA. Their structures were confirmed by MS, (1)H NMR, and elemental analysis. Their in vitro cytotoxicities against various cancer cell lines (HeLa, HepG2, and BGC-823) were evaluated by MTT assay. The results indicated that all compounds could inhibit cell proliferation of HeLa, HepG2, and BGC-823 cells. Among them, compounds I3 and I4 showed more potent cytotoxicity on these three tumor cells than gefitinib (positive control), worthy to be studied further.

[Synthesis and anti-tumor activity of oleanolic acid derivatives].

Thirteen novel oleanolic acid (OA) derivatives were designed and synthesized with modification at positions of C-3, C-12 and C-28 of OA. Their structures were confirmed by MS, 1H NMR and elemental analysis. Their in vitro cytotoxicities against various cancer cell lines (SGC7901, MCF-7 and A549) were evaluated by MTT assay. The results indicated that the tested derivatives were found to have stronger cell growth inhibitory activity than OA. Among them, compounds II2 and II3 showed more potent cytotoxicity on MCF-7 and A549 tumor cells than gefitinib (positive control). They are worthy to be studied further.

Outcomes of Daytime and Night-Time Appendectomies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Acute appendicitis is a common surgical emergency characterized by appendix inflammation. Surgery remains the gold standard for treatment with laparoscopy gaining in popularity. However, the optimal timing for appendectomy remains unclear. We are not aware of studies evaluating potential differences in clinical outcomes among appendectomies performed during the daytime and at night. METHODS: We followed the PRISMA guidelines and searched the ScienceDirect, Medline, and Google Scholar databases for studies published in English before June 2023. We included prospective and retrospective studies reporting appendectomy outcomes. We categorized the appendectomy procedure times as daytime or night-time based on each study's definitions. We extracted baseline characteristics and outcomes and assessed the quality of the studies included using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. We calculated pooled risk ratios (RRs) and weighted mean differences (WMDs) using random-effects models; and, we assessed heterogeneity using the I2 statistic. RESULTS: We analyzed data from 12 studies for systematic review ( n =19,183) including daytime ( n =11,839) and night-time ( n =7344) appendectomies. For the meta-analysis, we included 9 studies, that evaluated outcomes such as mortality (pooled RR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.09-2.01; I2 =43.7%; P =0.11), hospital stay (WMD, -0.02; 95% CI, -0.24 to 0.20; I2 =93.3%; P <0.001), and complications (pooled RR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.64-1.45; I2 =65.1%; P =0.02). We found similar mortality rates, hospital stay lengths, and complications for the appendectomies, regardless of the time of day of the operation. The baseline characteristics of the patients were also similar, except for the duration of symptoms and the presence of an appendiceal abscess. CONCLUSION: Our results showed that the timing of an appendectomy (daytime vs. night-time) does not significantly affect its outcomes. Surgeon availability or fatigue, and patient severity may not significantly impact the operation results. Standardized protocols and perioperative care ensure consistent outcomes.

Antiviral effect of matrine against human enterovirus 71.

Human enterovirus 71, a member of the Picornaviridae family, is one of the major causative agent of hand, foot and mouth disease in children less than six years old. This illness has caused mortalities in large-scale outbreaks in the Asia-Pacific region in recent years. No vaccine or antiviral therapy is available. In this study, antiviral effect of matrine against enterovirus 71 were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Matrine could suppress the viral RNA copy number on rhabdomyosarcoma cells. Moreover, matrine treatment of mice challenged with a lethal dose of enterovirus 71 reduced the mortality and relieved clinical symptoms. The results showed that matrine may represent a potential therapeutic agent for enterovirus 71 infection.

Cucurbit[n]uril (n = 6, 7) Based Carbon-Gold Hybrids with Peroxidase-Like Activity.

Despite the combination of molecular recognition and local electric field enhancement endowing cucurbit[n]uril-capped metallic nanoparticles, indicating great potential in a variety of areas, prior work has paid little attention to carbonizing cucurbit[n]uril on the surface of gold nanoparticles, which may propose new carbon-gold hybrid materials with interesting applications. In this work, we developed a simple and cost-effective method to prepare carbon-gold hybrids by carbonizing cucurbit[n]uril modified gold nanoparticles. The as-prepared cucurbit[n]uril based carbon and carbon-gold hybrid materials have shown to possess peroxidase-like activity. All cucurbit[n]uril based nanomaterials exhibited high catalytic activity over a pH range 2⁻6 and more tolerant to high temperature (up to 60 °C) when compared to natural horseradish peroxidase.

Controllable Synthesis and Catalytic Performance of Gold Nanoparticles with Cucurbit[n]urils (n = 5⁻8).

A series of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was prepared in situ with different cucurbit[n]urils (CB[n]s) in an alkaline aqueous solution. The nanoparticle sizes can be well controlled by CB[n]s (n = 5, 6, 7, 8) with different ring sizes. The packing densities of CB[5⁻8] and free surface area on AuNPs were determined. A direct relationship was found between the ring size and packing density of CB[n]s with respect to the AuNP-catalyzed reduction of 4-nitrophenol in the presence of NaBH4. The larger particle size and higher surface coverage of bigger CB[n]-capped AuNPs significantly decreased the catalytic activity. Furthermore, this work could lead to new applications that utilize AuNPs under an overlayer of CB[n]s for catalysis, sensing, and drug delivery.

[The relationship between TGFbeta1 and TIMP-1 and its effects on the diagnosis of hepatic fibrosis].

OBJECTIVE: To detect the expressions of serum transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta1) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in different phases of their liver fibrosis and to investigate the effects of TGFbeta1 and TIMP-1 on the diagnosis of hepatic fibrosis and the relationship between them. METHODS: Serum TGFbeta1 and TIMP-1 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and serum HA, LN, PIIINP were detected by radioimmunoassay in 40 CHB patients and 12 healthy persons. Liver biopsies were performed on the 40 patients. The relationships between the TGFbeta1 and TIMP-1 and hepatic fibrosis stages, hepatitis grades and the relevance of the five serum makers of the patients were analyzed. RESULTS: Serum TGFbeta1, TIMP-1 rose in the early stage of liver fibrosis and their sensitivities were higher than that of HA, LN and PIIINP. Serum levels of TGFbeta1 and TIMP-1 increased significantly with the development of fibrosis and had positive correlations with other fibrotic makers such as HA, LN and PIIINP. CONCLUSION: TGFbeta1 and TIMP-1 are involved in the course of developing hepatic fibrosis and TIMP-1 may be regulated by TGFbeta1. Both of them can be used as diagnostic markers of early hepatic fibrosis.