Simultaneous determination of multiple quality indices of dried shrimp (Parapenaeopsis hardwickii) during storage using Raman spectroscopy.

BACKGROUND: Dried shrimp is a high-value fishery product worldwide, but rapid and accurate assessment of its quality remains challenging. In the present study, a new method based on Raman spectroscopy was developed for assessing the quality changes in dried shrimp (Parapenaeopsis hardwickii) during storage. RESULTS: A high-quality Raman spectrum of astaxanthin (AST) was obtained from the third abdominal segment of dried shrimp. The intensity ratio (I1520/I1446) of the band from 1520 cm-1 to that at 1446 cm-1, which was ascribed to AST and protein/lipid, respectively, was calculated. I1520/I1446 can probe AST degradation in dried shrimp during storage at both 37 and 4 °C and further reflect quality changes of dried shrimp, as indicated by indices including total volatile basic nitrogen, pH and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. CONCLUSION: Compared to conventional methods, the proposed method avoids complex and time-consuming preprocessing and provides significant advantages including cost-effectiveness and rapid detection. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

MLP-mmWP: High-Precision Millimeter Wave Positioning Based on MLP-Mixer Neural Networks.

Millimeter wave (MMW) communication, noted for its merit of wide bandwidth and high-speed transmission, is also a competitive implementation of the Internet of Everything (IoE). In an always-connected world, mutual data transmission and localization are the primary issues, such as the application of MMW application in autonomous vehicles and intelligent robots. Recently, artificial intelligence technologies have been adopted for the issues in the MMW communication domain. In this paper, MLP-mmWP, a deep learning method, is proposed to localize the user with respect to MMW communication information. The proposed method employs seven sequences of beamformed fingerprints (BFFs) to estimate localization, which includes line-of-sight (LOS) and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) transmissions. As far as we know, MLP-mmWP is the first method to apply the MLP-Mixer neural network to the task of MMW positioning. Moreover, experimental results in a public dataset demonstrate that MLP-mmWP outperforms the existing state-of-the-art methods. Specifically, in a simulation area of 400 × 400 m2, the positioning mean absolute error is 1.78 m, and the 95th percentile prediction error is 3.96 m, representing improvements of 11.8% and 8.2%, respectively.

Multistage Adaptive Nanoparticle Overcomes Biological Barriers for Effective Chemotherapy.

Drug delivery systems (DDS) are extensively studied to improve the solubility, stability, pharmacokinetic, and biodistribution of chemotherapeutics. However, the drug delivery efficiency of traditional DDS is often limited by the complicated biological barriers in vivo. Herein, a multistage adaptive nanoparticle (MAN) that simultaneously overcomes multiple biological barriers to achieve tumor-targeted drug delivery with high efficiency is presented. MAN has a core-shell structure, in which both the core and the shell are made of responsive polymers. This structure allows MAN to present different surface properties to adapt to its surrounding biological microenvironment, thereby achieving enhanced stability in blood circulation, improved tumor accumulation and cellular internalization in tumor tissues, and effective release of drug in cells. With these unique characteristics, the MAN loaded with docetaxel achieves effective tumor suppression with reduced systemic toxicity. Furthermore, MAN can load almost any hydrophobic drugs, providing a general strategy for the tumor-targeted delivery of hydrophobic drugs to overcome the multiple biological barriers and improve the efficacy of chemotherapy.

Calixarene-Embedded Nanoparticles for Interference-Free Gene-Drug Combination Cancer Therapy.

Combination therapy based on molecular drugs and therapeutic genes provides an effective strategy for malignant tumor treatment. However, effective gene and drug combinations for cancer treatment are limited by the widespread antagonism between therapeutic genes and molecular drugs. Herein, a calixarene-embedded nanoparticle (CENP) is developed to co-deliver molecular drugs and therapeutic genes without compromising their biological functions, thereby achieving interference-free gene-drug combination cancer therapy. CENP is composed of a cationic polyplex core and an acid-responsive polymer shell, allowing CENP loading and delivering therapeutic genes with improved circulation stability and enhanced tumor accumulation. Moreover, the introduction of carboxylated azocalix[4]arene, which is a hypoxia-responsive calixarene derivatives, in the polyplex core endows CENP with the capability to load molecular drugs through the host-guest complexation as well as inhibit the interference between the drugs and genes by encapsulating the drugs into its cavity. By loading doxorubicin and a plasmid DNA-based CRISPR interference system that targets miR-21, CENP exhibits the significantly enhanced anti-tumor effects in mice. Considering the wide variety of calixarene derivatives, CENP can be adapted to deliver almost any combination of drugs and genes, providing the potential as a universal platform for the development of interference-free gene-drug combination cancer therapy.

NanoRNP Overcomes Tumor Heterogeneity in Cancer Treatment.

Tumor heterogeneity has been one of the most important factors leading to the failure of conventional cancer therapies due to the accumulation of genetically distinct tumor-cell subpopulations during the tumor development process. Due to the diversity of genetic mutations during tumor growth, combining the use of multiple drugs has only achieved limited success in combating heterogeneous tumors. Herein, we report a novel antitumor strategy that effectively addresses tumor heterogeneity by using a CRISPR/Cas9-based nanoRNP carrying a combination of sgRNAs. Such nanoRNP is synthesized from Cas9 ribonucleoprotein, any combinations of required sgRNAs, and a rationally designed responsive polymer that endows nanoRNP with high circulating stability, enhanced tumor accumulation, and the efficient gene editing in targeted tumor cells eventually. By carrying a combination of sgRNAs that targets STAT3 and RUNX1, the nanoRNP exhibited efficient gene expression disruptions on a heterogeneous tumor model with two subsets of cells whose proliferations were sensitive to the reduced expression of STAT3 and RUNX1, respectively, leading to the effective growth inhibition of the heterogeneous tumor. Considering the close relationship between tumor heterogeneity and cancer progression, resistance to therapy, and recurrences, nanoRNP provides a feasible strategy to overcome tumor heterogeneity in the development of more advanced cancer therapy against malignant tumors.

Nanocomposites Inhibit the Formation, Mitigate the Neurotoxicity, and Facilitate the Removal of ß-Amyloid Aggregates in Alzheimer's Disease Mice.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and irreversible brain disorder. Recent studies revealed the pivotal role of ß-amyloid (Aß) in AD. However, there is no conclusive indication that the existing therapeutic strategies exerted any effect on the mitigation of Aß-induced neurotoxicity and the elimination of Aß aggregates simultaneously in vivo. Herein, we developed a novel nanocomposite that can eliminate toxic Aß aggregates and mitigate Aß-induced neurotoxicity in AD mice. This nanocomposite was designed to be a small-sized particle (14 ± 4 nm) with Aß-binding peptides (KLVFF) integrated on the surface. The nanocomposite was prepared by wrapping a protein molecule with a cross-linked KLVFF-containing polymer layer synthesized by in situ polymerization. The presence of the nanocomposite remarkably changed the morphology of Aß aggregates, which led to the formation of Aß/nanocomposite coassembled nanoclusters instead of Aß oligomers. With the reduction of the pathological Aß oligomers, the nanocomposites attenuated the Aß-induced neuron damages, regained endocranial microglia's capability to phagocytose Aß, and eventually protected hippocampal neurons against apoptosis. Thus, we anticipate that the small-sized nanocomposite will potentially offer a feasible strategy in the development of novel AD treatments.

Highly Efficient Far Red/Near-Infrared Solid Fluorophores: Aggregation-Induced Emission, Intramolecular Charge Transfer, Twisted Molecular Conformation, and Bioimaging Applications.

The development of organic fluorophores with efficient solid-state emissions or aggregated-state emissions in the red to near-infrared region is still challenging. Reported herein are fluorophores having aggregation-induced emission ranging from the orange to far red/near-infrared (FR/NIR) region. The bioimaging performance of the designed fluorophore is shown to have potential as FR/NIR fluorescent probes for biological applications.

[The impact of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease on islet function in type 2 diabetes].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the influence of hepatosteatosis on pancreatic P-cell function in type 2 diabetes mellitus (22DM). METHODS: A total of 213 subjects with T2DM from Metabolic Disease Hospital, Tianjin Medical University from January 2013 to December 2013 were included in the study. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was diagnosed with abdominal ultrasonography. Patients were divided into two groups: 22DM with NAFLD and 22DM without NAFLD. ALT, AST, gamma-glutamyltransferase, serum lipid, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c ( HbA1c), fructosamine, fasting glucose, insulin and 2 hours plasma glucose, insulin after 75g glucoseload were detected. The insulin resistance and P-cell function were assessed by HOMA-IR and HOMA-P. RESULTS: Among the 213 22DM subjects, 51% (108 cases) were with NAFLD. The HOMA-IR [4.76(2.83,7.21) vs. 2.79 (1.76, 4.37),P <0.05] and HOMA-P [49.18 (37.78, 85.09) vs. 29.50 (18.09, 45.54), P < 0.05] were significantly higher in 22DM with NAFLD than those in 22DM alone. Within subjects with 22DM and NAFLD,the HOMA-IR [6.28 (2.87, 8.17) vs. 2.95 (2.07, 3.66)P <0. 05] and HOMA-P [59.18 (37.78, 85.09) vs. 30.59 (28.56, 34.49), P < 0.05] levels were higher in subjects with normal liver function than those with abnormal liver function. CONCLUSIONS: T2DM patients with NAFLD have severer insulin resistance than those without NAFLD. The P-cell function of those patients was compensatory increased, which was decreased in subjects with abnormal liver function.

[Correlation between the changes of surface electromyographic signals of elbow flexor and extensor and motor function in stroke patients].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the correlation between the changes of surface electromyography (sEMG) signals of biceps and triceps and torques for elbow flexion and extension during maximum isometric voluntary contraction (MIVC) and motor function in convalescent stroke patients so as to provide rationale for rehabilitation. METHODS: Fifteen stroke patients and 15 age and gender-matched normal controls were recruited. The sEMG signals of biceps and triceps were recorded during MIVC of elbow flexion and extension. Co-contraction ratio (CR) and torques of both groups were compared and analyzed. The motor function of upper extremity was assessed by Fugl-Meyer assessment upper extremity (FMA-UE). RESULTS: There were significant differences in EMG ((132 ± 65) mV×s,(124 ± 50) mV×s) and torques ((13 ± 8) N×m, (10 ± 6) N×m) at affected side with those at unaffected side and controls during MIVC of elbow flexion and extension (P < 0.05).Significant differences existed in CR ((30 ± 13)%) at affected side with unaffected side ((18 ± 8)%) and controls ((16 ± 6)%) during MIVC of elbow extension (P < 0.05). The score of FMA-UE at affected side was significantly positively correlated with iEMG on biceps during MIVC of elbow flexion (r = 0.579, P = 0.024) and on triceps during MIVC of elbow extension (r = 0.618, P = 0.014). The score of FMA-UE at affected side was significantly positively correlated with torques during MIVC of elbow flexion and extension (rflexion = 0.518, P = 0.048; rextension = 0.679, P = 0.005). The score of FMA-UE at affected side was significantly negatively correlated with CR during MIVC of elbow flexion and extension (rflexion = -0.579, P = 0.024; rextension = -0.693, P = 0.004). CONCLUSION: The strength of flexor and extensor of bilateral elbow decreases in convalescent stroke patients. The spasticity of elbow flexor still exists. Besides increasing the strength of bilateral upper extremities, particularly affected side, rehabilitation should also focus upon reducing spasticity of flexor to enhance elbow joint stability and improve motor function.

Combined effect of cold plasma-activated oxygen (CPAO) and microwave on microbial decontamination and quality of milkshake powder.

This study presents a new method combining cold plasma-activated oxygen (CPAO) and microwave (MW) to decontaminate milkshake powder, exploring its effectiveness, mechanisms, and quality impact. CPAO (6 min) alone reduced bacterial load by 0.419 log CFU/g, and MW (3 min) by 0.030 log CFU/g. However, their co-application significantly amplified decontamination, achieving a 1.265 log CFU/g reduction. CPAO-MW co-treatment inflicted more oxidative damage on bacterial cell membranes and intracellular antioxidant defense system, leading to higher mortality. It also raised protein and lipid oxidation, while decreasing vitamin C and A levels in the powder. Specifically, CPAO (6 min)-MW (3 min) co-treatment increased the carbonyl content from 0.438 to 0.891 nmol/mg protein, malondialdehyde from 0.824 to 0.996 mg/kg, and lowered vitamin C from 162.151 to 137.640 mg/kg, and vitamin A from 2.05 to 1.38 mg/kg. This study shows CPAO-MW is effective for decontaminating powdered foods but highlights a need to reduce negative effects.

rTMS applied to the PFC relieves neuropathic pain and modulates neuroinflammation in CCI rats.

The study aimed to assess the analgesic effect of 10 Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) targeted to the prefrontal cortex (PFC) region on neuropathic pain (NPP) in rats with chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve, and to investigate the possible underlying mechanism. Rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham operation, CCI, and rTMS. In the latter group, rTMS was applied to the left PFC. Von Frey fibres were used to measure the paw withdrawal mechanical threshold (PWMT). At the end of the treatment, immunofluorescence and western blotting were applied to detect the expression of M1 and M2 polarisation markers in microglia in the left PFC and sciatic nerve. ELISA was further used to detect the concentrations of inflammation-related cytokines. The results showed that CCI caused NPP in rats, reduced the pain threshold, promoted microglial polarisation to the M1 phenotype, and increased the secretion of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors. Moreover, 10 Hz rTMS to the PFC was shown to improve NPP induced by CCI, induce microglial polarisation to M2, reduce the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors, and further increase the secretion of anti-inflammatory factors. Our data suggest that 10 Hz rTMS can alleviate CCI-induced neuropathic pain, while the underlying mechanism may potentially be related to the regulation of microglial M1-to-M2-type polarisation to regulate neuroinflammation.

A bibliometric analysis of cerebral palsy from 2003 to 2022.

Purpose: This bibliometric study explores cerebral palsy (CP) research from 2003 to 2022 to reveal the topic hotspots and collaborations. Methods: We retrieved studies on CP from the Web of Science Core Collection from 2003 to 2022 and then used CiteSpace and Bibliometrix to perform a bibliometric analysis and attain knowledge mapping, including publication outputs, funding, journals, authors, institutions, countries/territories, keywords, collaborative relationships, and topic hotspots. Results: In total, 8,223 articles were published from 2003 to 2022. During this period, the number of publications increased continuously. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology was the most productive and frequently co-cited journal. Boyd was the most productive and influential author, with 143 publications and 4,011 citations. The United States and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam were the most productive countries and institutions, respectively. Researchers and institutions from the USA, Australia, and Canada constituted the core research forces, with extensive collaborations worldwide. The most common keywords were gait (553), rehabilitation (440), spasticity (325), botulinum toxin (174), therapy (148), upper extremity (141), quality of life (140), disability (115), pain (98), electromyography (97), kinematics (90), balance (88), participation (85), and walking (79). Conclusion: This study provides a systematic and comprehensive analysis of the CP-related literature. It reveals that Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology is the most active journal in this field. The USA, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, and Boyd are the top countries, institutions, and authors, respectively. Emerging treatment methods, complication management, and functional recovery comprise the future research directions and potential topic hotspots for CP.

Supramolecular Nano-Tracker for Real-Time Tracking of Drug Release and Efficient Combination Therapy.

Real-time tracking of drug release from nanomedicine in vivo is crucial for optimizing its therapeutic efficacy in clinical settings, particularly in dosage control and determining the optimal therapeutic window. However, most current real-time tracking systems require a tedious synthesis and purification process. Herein, a supramolecular nano-tracker (SNT) capable of real-time tracking of drug release in vivo based on non-covalent host-guest interactions is presented. By integrating multiple cavities into a single nanoparticle, SNT achieves co-loading of drugs and probes while efficiently quenching the photophysical properties of the probe through host-guest complexation. Moreover, SNT is readily degraded under hypoxic tumor tissues, leading to the simultaneous release of drugs and probes and the fluorescence recovery of probes. With this spatial and temporal consistency in drug loading and fluorescence quenching, as well as drug release and fluorescence recovery, SNT successfully achieves real-time tracking of drug release in vivo (Pearson r = 0.9166, R2 = 0.8247). Furthermore, the released drugs can synergize effectively with fluorescent probes upon light irradiation, achieving potent chemo-photodynamic combination therapy in 4T1-bearing mice with a significantly improved survival rate (33%), providing a potential platform to significantly advance the development of nanomedicine and achieve optimal therapeutic effects in the clinic.

[Characteristics of prospective memory impairments in patients with severe traumatic brain injury during recovery stage].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the characteristics of time-based prospective memory (TBPM) and event-based prospective memory (EBPM) in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) during recovery stage. METHODS: A total of 20 patients with severe TBI were recruited along with another 20 age, gender and education-matched healthy volunteers. The Chinese version of Cambridge Prospective Memory Test was used to assess the TBPM and EBPM characteristics. The TBPM score, EBPM score, time monitoring frequency, cue finding frequency, and whether or not the participants choose to take notes were recorded and compared between patients and controls. RESULTS: The TBPM and EBPM scores (9.05 ± 3.59, 11.35 ± 2.25 respectively) of TBI patients were lower than that of controls (14.95 ± 2.09, 16.45 ± 1.54, respectively) (P < 0.05). Compared with the controls, time monitoring frequency of the patients[times] was less (1 (1, 2) vs 4 (3, 5.25) times) (P < 0.05); cue discovery frequency also less (2 (2, 3) vs 5 (4.25, 5) times). And there were fewer note-taking subjects in TBI group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: With deficits in both the time- and event-based prospective memory, the TBI patients have difficulty of finding time or event cue during interference and auxiliary memory strategy is rarely utilized to realize the prospective memory tasks.

Linking Leader's Positive Humor and Employee Bootlegging: Empirical Evidence from China.

Purpose: With the increasingly fierce market competitions, non-linear development of organizations through bootlegging has become a key path for enterprises to advance competitiveness. Motivating employees to carry out bootlegging in an organization is becoming an important issue many enterprises face now. This paper aims to analyze the relationship between leader's positive humor and employee bootlegging. We introduced norm violation acceptability as the mediating variable and trust in leader as the moderating variable to propose a theoretical model and verified it by structural equation modeling (SEM) and multiple regression analysis separately. Patients and Methods: Based on both the emotion as social information theory and the social information processing theory, a sample of 278 professional employees working in an information technology (IT) enterprise of China was used to test the moderated mediation model. We used SPSS and AMOS to further verify the research model through structural equation modeling (SEM) and multiple regression analysis. Results: The results indicate that there is a positive relationship between leader's positive humor and employee bootlegging, which is partially mediated by norm violation acceptability. Moreover, trust in leader not only moderated the relationship between leader's positive humor and norm violation acceptability but also strengthened the influence of leader's positive humor on employee bootlegging through norm violation acceptability. Conclusion: These findings have implications in identifying factors which contribute to employee bootlegging and providing a theoretical foundation for leaders in an organization.

Gallic Acid Restores the Sulfonamide Sensitivity of Multidrug-Resistant Streptococcus suis via Polypharmaceology Mechanism.

Due to the large amount of antibiotics used for human therapy, agriculture, and even aquaculture, the emergence of multidrug-resistant Streptococcus suis (S. suis) led to serious public health threats. Antibiotic-assisted strategies have emerged as a promising approach to alleviate this crisis. Here, the polyphenolic compound gallic acid was found to enhance sulfonamides against multidrug-resistant S. suis. Mechanistic analysis revealed that gallic acid effectively disrupts the integrity and function of the cytoplasmic membrane by dissipating the proton motive force of bacteria. Moreover, we found that gallic acid regulates the expression of dihydrofolate reductase, which in turn inhibits tetrahydrofolate synthesis. As a result of polypharmacology, gallic acid can fully restore sulfadiazine sodium activity in the animal infection model without any drug resistances. Our findings provide an insightful view into the threats of antibiotic resistance. It could become a promising strategy to resolve this crisis.

Liquid Core Nanoparticle with High Deformability Enables Efficient Penetration across Biological Barriers.

Biological barriers significantly limit the delivery efficiency of drug delivery systems, resulting in undesired therapeutic effects. When designing a delivery system with optimized penetration behavior across the biological barriers, mechanical properties, such as deformability, are emerging as important parameters that need to be considered, although they are usually neglected in current research. Herein, a liquid core nanoparticle (LCN) composed of a polymer-encapsulated edible oil droplet is demonstrated. Owing to the unique structure in which the liquid oil core is encapsulated by a layer of highly hydrophilic and cross-linked polymer, the LCN exhibits high mechanical softness, making it deformable under external forces. With high deformability, LCNs can effectively penetrate through several important biological barriers including deep tumor tissue, blood-brain barriers, mucus layers, and bacterial biofilms. Moreover, the potential of the LCN as a drug delivery system is also demonstrated by the loading and release of several clinical drugs. With the capability of penetrating biological barriers and delivering drugs, LCN provides a potential platform for disease treatments, particularly for those suffering from inadequate drug penetration.

Celastrol Combats Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus by Targeting Δ1 -Pyrroline-5-Carboxylate Dehydrogenase.

The emergence and rapid spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) raise a critical need for alternative therapeutic options. New antibacterial drugs and targets are required to combat MRSA-associated infections. Based on this study, celastrol, a natural product from the roots of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f., effectively combats MRSA in vitro and in vivo. Multi-omics analysis suggests that the molecular mechanism of action of celastrol may be related to Δ1 -pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase (P5CDH). By comparing the properties of wild-type and rocA-deficient MRSA strains, it is demonstrated that P5CDH, the second enzyme of the proline catabolism pathway, is a tentative new target for antibacterial agents. Using molecular docking, bio-layer interferometry, and enzyme activity assays, it is confirmed that celastrol can affect the function of P5CDH. Furthermore, it is found through site-directed protein mutagenesis that the Lys205 and Glu208 residues are key for celastrol binding to P5CDH. Finally, mechanistic studies show that celastrol induces oxidative stress and inhibits DNA synthesis by binding to P5CDH. The findings of this study indicate that celastrol is a promising lead compound and validate P5CDH as a potential target for the development of novel drugs against MRSA.

A comparative study on the taste quality of Mytilus coruscus under different shucking treatments.

Shucking is an indispensable step in the preparation of cooked mussel products, as it facilitates the detachment of meat from the shell. In this study, we comprehensively investigated the effects of boiling, steaming, and microwaving on taste constituents in half-cooked mussel meat. Two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy revealed the key differential taste components of the different shucking groups. Structural equation modeling (SEM) indicated the positive effects of saltiness and bitterness on umami taste, while sweetness and sourness had negative effects on umami taste in half-cooked mussel meat. Furthermore, Glu, Asp, Ala, Arg, betaine, malic acid, succinic acid, glycogen, Cl-, Na+, K+, and PO3- 4 were quantitatively determined as the main taste compounds. The steaming shelling group had the most enriched taste components, with the highest equivalent umami concentration compared to the other shelling groups. Hence, steaming shucking may be favored due to abundant tastes and nutrients.

Sustainable extraction of ligustilide and ferulic acid from Angelicae Sinensis Radix, for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development envisions a rational use of energy and resources in all technological processes. However, in the extraction methods of compounds from medicinal plants and herbs, there is an urgent to reduce the use of organic solvents and increase the energy efficiency of these methods. Therefore, a sustainable extraction method (enzyme and ultrasonic co-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction, EUA-ATPE) of simultaneous extraction and separation of ferulic acid and ligustilide from Angelicae Sinensis Radix (ASR) was developed by integrating enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE) with ultrasonic-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction (UAE- ATPE). The effects of different enzymes, extraction temperature, pH, ultrasonic time, liquid-to-materials ratio, etc., were optimized by single-factor experiments and central composite design (CCD). Under the optimum conditions, the highest comprehensive evaluation value (CEV) and extraction yield were obtained by EUA-ATPE. Furthermore, recovery (R), partition coefficient (K), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed that enzyme and ultrasonic treatment improved mass transfer diffusion and increased the degree of cell disruption. Besides, the EUA-ATPE extracts have shown great antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity in vitro. Finally, compared to different extraction methods, EUA-ATPE achieved higher extraction efficiency and higher energy efficiency due to the synergistic effect between EAE and UAE-ATPE. Therefore, the EUA-ATPE provides a sustainable method for extracting bioactive compounds from medicinal plants and herbs, contributing to Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), including SDG-6, SDG-7, SDG-9, SDG-12, and SDG-15.