Pressure alopecias: A review.

Pressure-induced alopecias (PAs) are an infrequent group of scarring and nonscarring alopecias that occur after ischemic obstruction of capillaries that leads to circumscribed areas of hair loss. Initially described after prolonged surgeries or immobilization, type 1 PA occurs after sustained external pressure to the skin, mainly the scalp prominences. Alopecia induced by cosmetic procedures, referred in this review as type 2 PA, is reported with increased frequency in literature and predominantly emerges from pressure exerted by the volume of injectables. It is important to differentiate type 2 PA from vascular occlusion-induced alopecia because they represent distinct entities. Clinically, PA may present with erythema, swelling, and tenderness; however, alopecia might be the sole manifestation. Crusts and ulceration are associated with a worse outcome and a higher risk of scarring alopecia. Prompt diagnosis is paramount to prevent complications. Trichoscopy, although considered nonspecific, may provide relevant clues for an accurate diagnosis. Hair regrows in most cases, but prognosis depends on ischemia severity and timely treatment with reperfusion therapies or mobilization. Treatment of hair loss is usually not necessary because the disease in most cases is self-limited and reversible. The role of topical minoxidil and corticosteroids remains unknown.

Impact of various nutritional interventions on the physical and mental state of patients undergoing surgery for oral and maxillofacial tumor: guiding patients' informed choices.

PURPOSE: To compare the effects of oral nutritional supplements (ONS), parenteral nutrition (PN), and enteral nutrition (EN) on the recovery of patients who underwent oral and maxillofacial surgery. METHODS: The shared decision-making process assigned 37, 56, and 35 patients to the ONS, PN, and EN groups, respectively. Details such as demographic data, duration of hospitalization, cost of nutritional therapy, nutritional assessments, patients' satisfaction, and compliance, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) score, and relevant biochemical indices were systematically recorded and compared between the groups. RESULTS: Patients with healthier biochemical indices and physical states at baseline, including a higher body mass index, preferred ONS. Patients using dentures and those with medical insurance often chose EN, while patients with recurrent disease preferred PN. Patients receiving EN had a similar duration of hospitalization to patients receiving ONS and also had the lowest nutritional costs. Patients receiving ONS had higher lymphocyte counts and levels of hemoglobin, albumin, and C-reactive protein. Patients in the PN group had elevated levels of serum potassium, chlorine, and sodium, while those receiving EN reported higher HAM-A scores, indicating greater anxiety than their counterparts. Predischarge surveys showed higher satisfaction and compliance in the PN and ONS groups than in the EN group. The PN group reported more adverse symptoms. At 7 days post-discharge, patients with EN reported a greater feeling of well-being. CONCLUSION: ONS is the optimal choice for patients in good preoperative conditions, while PN is preferred during disease recurrence or when financially feasible. EN is suitable for patients using dentures or those with limited finances despite its potential psychological discomfort. Future studies with increased sample sizes and longer follow-up duration are necessary to corroborate our findings. The Trial Registration Number is ChiCTR2100049547. The date of registration is August 2, 2021.

Validation of the Quality Analysis of Medical Artificial Intelligence (QAMAI) tool: a new tool to assess the quality of health information provided by AI platforms.

BACKGROUND: The widespread diffusion of Artificial Intelligence (AI) platforms is revolutionizing how health-related information is disseminated, thereby highlighting the need for tools to evaluate the quality of such information. This study aimed to propose and validate the Quality Assessment of Medical Artificial Intelligence (QAMAI), a tool specifically designed to assess the quality of health information provided by AI platforms. METHODS: The QAMAI tool has been developed by a panel of experts following guidelines for the development of new questionnaires. A total of 30 responses from ChatGPT4, addressing patient queries, theoretical questions, and clinical head and neck surgery scenarios were assessed by 27 reviewers from 25 academic centers worldwide. Construct validity, internal consistency, inter-rater and test-retest reliability were assessed to validate the tool. RESULTS: The validation was conducted on the basis of 792 assessments for the 30 responses given by ChatGPT4. The results of the exploratory factor analysis revealed a unidimensional structure of the QAMAI with a single factor comprising all the items that explained 51.1% of the variance with factor loadings ranging from 0.449 to 0.856. Overall internal consistency was high (Cronbach's alpha = 0.837). The Interclass Correlation Coefficient was 0.983 (95% CI 0.973-0.991; F (29,542) = 68.3; p < 0.001), indicating excellent reliability. Test-retest reliability analysis revealed a moderate-to-strong correlation with a Pearson's coefficient of 0.876 (95% CI 0.859-0.891; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The QAMAI tool demonstrated significant reliability and validity in assessing the quality of health information provided by AI platforms. Such a tool might become particularly important/useful for physicians as patients increasingly seek medical information on AI platforms.

Telehealth Utilization in Oral Medicine and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery.

Objectives: The objectives of this retrospective study were to analyze telehealth utilization for two specialty care practices: oral medicine (OM) and oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) during the first 2 years of the pandemic, its impact as a new treatment modality and on participating providers, as well as identify the type of patient visit that most readily adopted telehealth. Methods: Retrospective study of patients who sought specialty services, OM and OMFS, at an outpatient clinic in a university health system setting between March 1, 2019, and February 28, 2022. Source data were obtained from Epic, an electronic medical record application. Data were graphed using Tableau and Microsoft Excel software. Statistical analysis was performed utilizing chi-squared test and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: OMFS utilized telehealth 12% of the time, and OM 8% of the time. The majority (87%) of telehealth visits were for return patients (RPs). Compared with the first year of the pandemic, there was a decrease in the number of telehealth visits in the second year (p = 0.0001). As of August 2022, new patient (NP) telehealth encounters have largely returned to prepandemic levels (0-1.5%), whereas RP telehealth visits remained at an average level of 11.4% (9.4-12.4%). Surveyed providers consider telehealth as an effective complement to in-person care and will continue its use (4.2/5 Likert scale). Conclusions: Telehealth has become a viable pathway of care for OM and OMFS who previously did not utilize the remote platform to deliver healthcare. As a new treatment modality, telehealth is perceived as impactful in increasing access to specialty care by participating providers. NP visits are now almost completely in person, but telehealth continues for RPs. Ongoing demand for telehealth highlights urgency to develop appropriate standards and effective remote diagnostic/monitoring tools to maximize telehealth's capability to leverage finite health care resources and increase access to specialty care.

Virtual Loupes: A Pilot Study on the Use of Video Passthrough Augmented Reality in Plastic Surgery.

BACKGROUND: Plastic surgeons use loupes or operative microscope to aid in tissue dissection and anastomosis of structures. These devices have their own limitations in areas of visualization and weight. Current uses of augmented and virtual reality in surgery have been limited to operative planning and simulation. We present a proof of concept that harnesses video passthrough AR technology to augment the capabilities of loupes. METHODS: We first evaluated methods of gaze-based eye tracking to enable digital magnification. Using the Varjo XR-1 mixed reality headset, we compared discrete zoom through displayed pop-up menu vs continuous zoom through eye winking. Six participants were recruited to perform skin suturing simulation and completed a survey and interview. Next we assessed the performance and limitations of AR digital magnification. Varjo XR-3 was utilized to address the hardware limitations. Participants performed anastomotic suturing tasks with progressively finer suture, then completed a survey and interview. FINDINGS: There was no strong preference between zoom methods, although participants felt the discrete zoom was easier to use. Participants had difficulty determining depth and visualizing the suture due to limitations of digital magnification. Using Wilcoxon rank sum test to examine differences in system usability scale, the Phase 2 user experience had significant difference in percentile distribution (P 0.0390). CONCLUSION: Virtual loupes may be a valuable tool for plastic surgeons, with potential for variable magnification and advanced visualization. Improvements in the hardware yielded higher ratings of system usability and user experience. Further development is needed to address the limitations of existing devices.

Applicability of an active matrix metalloproteinase-8 point-of-care test in an oral and maxillofacial surgery clinic: a pilot study.

OBJECTIVES: Matrix metalloproteinases are enzymes that participate in numerous inflammatory responses and have been targeted as biomarkers in numerous pathologic states. The detection of active matrix metalloproteinase-8 (aMMP-8) using a mouthrinse point-of-care test (POCT) has emerged as a diagnostic marker for periodontitis and other systemic inflammatory states. The objective of this pilot study was to assess the applicability of aMMP-8 POCT in an oral and maxillofacial surgery clinic and to evaluate the relationship between aMMP-8 levels and different patient groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS: aMMP-8 POCT samples were collected from patients in an oral and maxillofacial surgery clinic during a one-month period. aMMP-8 levels were analyzed using a chairside lateral-flow immunotest and a digital reader. Clinically relevant patient variables were collected and descriptively evaluated. aMMP-8 levels over 20 ng/ml were considered to be elevated. RESULTS: A total of 115 patients were interviewed of which 112 agreed to the test (97.4%). Elevated aMMP-8 levels were observed in 58 (51.8%) patients. Bone loss was noted in 75 (67.0%) patients. Of these patients, aMMP-8 levels were elevated in 47 (62.7%) patients. Patients at an increased risk of infection had 35.5% higher aMMP-8 values on average compared to patients with no prior illnesses. CONCLUSION: aMMP-8 POCT provides a non-invasive and reliable method for measuring aMMP-8 levels. Future studies are warranted to assess the clinical relevance between elevated aMMP-8 levels and specific patient groups. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The rapid availability of the test score allows an immediate impact on treatment planning.

What comes first: teeth or face? Recommendations for an interdisciplinary collaboration between facial esthetic surgery and dentistry.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to provide recommendations in order to facilitate communication between dental professionals and surgeons who are collaborating in the field of dentofacial esthetics. CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS: Smile esthetics are beyond the scope, both of the surgeons who are collaborating with facial esthetics and of the dentists, as a wide range of treatment options from both sides is available. It can be difficult for the surgeon or the dentist that first comes in contact with the patient to conduct an individualized global treatment plan, in order to find out how the various phases of the treatment can be sequenced, as a workflow for an efficient interaction between facial surgery and dentistry still does not exist in the scientific literature. CONCLUSIONS: Facial cosmetic procedures and dental treatment have to be planned as individual elements of the whole dentofacial esthetic rehabilitation. The treatment has to be initiated with the design of the smile and the intraoral mock-up, followed by the required surgical interventions, and to be finished with the delivery of the definitive dental restoration. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Dentofacial esthetics require comprehensive communication between surgeons and dentists. Following the proposed recommendations, an individualized interdisciplinary treatment plan can be conducted, defining the role of each specialty.

Post-BSSO condylar position stability: a comparison of miniplate and lag screw fixation.

BACKGROUND: This study was conceived to assess the postoperative stability of condylar position following fixation with miniplates and lag screws after bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO). METHODS: This retrospective study included a cohort of 20 patients undergoing BSSO using the Obwegeser-Dal Pont modification. The bony segments were stabilized using either miniplates with two 2.0-mm monocortical screws per segment or three 2.0-mm bicortical lag screws along the mandible's superior border. Pre- and postoperative (7-day interval) spiral computed tomography scans were conducted to assess skeletal changes across both groups. Data analysis employed Wilcoxon signed-rank and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests (α = 0.05). RESULTS: No statistically significant difference was observed between the pre-and postoperative condylar position parameters (P>0.05). However, the lag screw group showed a marginal significant increase in the left condyle's angulation (preoperative: 24.83 ± 6.37 vs. postoperative: 32.5 ± 4.93; P = 0.04). Changes in condylar height, length, and width were not statistically significant before and after BSSO in either groups (P>0.05). Nor was any statistically significant difference found between the miniplates and lag screws groups regarding condylar position parameters (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: The results indicated that both lag screw and miniplate fixation methods can be effectively employed in BSSO procedures without impacting condylar position parameters. Thus, either fixation method can be chosen depending on factors such as the surgeon's preference and clinical outcomes.

Finite element analysis and clinical application of 3D-printed Ti alloy implant for the reconstruction of mandibular defects.

BACKGROUND: The reconstruction of segmental defect of the mandible has always been a challenge. The customized reconstruction plate without a bone graft is also considered a transitional means of rehabilitation and reconstruction in some cases. METHODS: This study evaluated the biomechanical behaviors of customized plates with different structural designs comparing with commercial plates using the finite element method in reconstrution of the lateral mandible defect. RESULTS: Simulations revealed the stress state in the plate bodies, bone tissues and screws were associated with the width, height, thickness of the plates as well as the distribution of screws. In all of the groups, the system of 16 mm-high, 2.8 mm-thick customized reconstruction plate with 10 screws was considered to be the most ideal design because of the most harmonious biomechanical state. What's more, the stress shielding effects were not obvious in this experiment. Based on the above findings, we conducted a clinical case analysis to verify the mechanical properties of customized reconstruction and obtained a satisfactory operation result. CONCLUSIONS: The results show that by adjusting the contour parameters of the reconstruction plates, an ideal and reliable customized plate can be manufactured. And the customized 3D-printed Ti alloy implant will be a new way to achieve mandibular reconstruction in patients unable to perform autologous bone graft surgery. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The present trial has been registered with ChiCTR, the registration number is ChiCTR 2,000,038,973 on 11/10/2020.

Role of hydrocolloid dressing in preventing face pressure ulcers from non-invasive ventilation and facilitating postoperative wound healing in maxillofacial surgery: A meta-analysis.

Facial pressure ulcers from non-invasive ventilation (NIV) and challenges in wound healing post-maxillofacial surgery are significant concerns in clinical care. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of hydrocolloid dressings in these contexts. From a pool of 1135 articles, 8 studies met the inclusion criteria. Hydrocolloid dressings demonstrated a significant reduction in facial pressure ulcers for NIV patients, with lower REEDA scores 1-week postapplication (standardized mean difference [SMD] = -16.7, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -24.26 to -9.15, p < 0.01). In maxillofacial surgery, patients treated with hydrocolloid dressings exhibited improved wound healing and reduced scar formation, evidenced by lower Manchester Scar Scale scores 3 months post-surgery (SMD = -15.46, 95% CI: -20.28 to -10.64, p < 0.01). These findings suggest that hydrocolloid dressings are effective in both preventing NIV-related facial pressure ulcers and enhancing wound healing in maxillofacial surgery.

The application of virtual reality and augmented reality in dentistry - a literature review.

In recent times, dentistry has seen significant technological advancements that have transformed various specialized areas within the field. Developed into applications for mobile devices, augmented reality (AR) seamlessly merges digital components with the physical world, enhancing both realms while maintaining their individual separateness. On the other hand, virtual reality (VR) relies on advanced, tailored software to visualize a digital 3D environment stimulating the operator's senses through computer generated sensations and feedback. The current advances use the application of VR, haptic simulators, the use of an AI algorithm and many more that provides new opportunities for smart learning and enhance the teaching environment. As this technology continues to evolve, it is poised to become even more remarkable, enabling specialists to potentially visualize both soft and hard tissues within the patient's body for effective treatment planning. This literature aims to present the newest advancements and ongoing development of AR and VR in dentistry and medicine. It highlights their diverse applications while identifying areas needing further research for effective integration into clinical practice.

[Features of medical care provision in the profile «Maxillofacial surgery¼ in the Southern Federal District of the Russian Federation]. / Osobennosti okazaniya meditsinskoi pomoshchi po profilyu «chelyustno-litsevaya khirurgiya¼ v Yuzhnom federal'nom okruge Rossiiskoi Federatsii.

OBJECTIVE: To study the actual state of the organization of medical care for patients with the profile of «maxillofacial surgery¼ in the Southern Federal District of the Russian Federation in order to develop proposals for its optimization within the framework of a three-level system of medical care. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We analyzed accounting and reporting materials characterizing the organization of medical care in the field of «Oral and maxillofacial surgery¼ to the population in the Southern Federal District of the Russian Federation. RESULTS: The population of the Southern Federal District of the Russian Federation is currently provided with accessible round-the-clock medical care in the field of maxillofacial surgery. The forces and means at the disposal of the district government allow this to be implemented. However, the article describes a number of obstacles to the provision of high-quality medical care in the field of maxillofacial surgery and suggests ways to eliminate them. CONCLUSION: Preparation of an Order defining the functioning of a three-level system of medical care for adults and children with maxillofacial pathology in the Southern Federal District of the Russian Federation, as well as more effective use of telemedicine consultations will significantly improve the availability and quality of medical care.

Drawing: A Dialogue across Disciplines.

There are many examples of a cross pollination between those involved in the arts and in the field of health care. This fruitful dialogue has resulted in the production of impressive artwork across many genres and given opportunities for the development of collaborative projects. Although advanced technologies have become more prevalent in clinics, wards and operating theatres, drawing activities continue to be a significant means of recording observations, communication and planning as well as a methodology for teaching and learning. Interdisciplinary creative projects reveal the continued importance of drawing as a central, primal activity both as part of a purposeful dialogue and also as a useful tool to encourage active participation in teaching and learning. Other studies continue to show drawing activities to be an excellent tool for developing skills in observation and communication, useful for improving the physical and psychological support for individual patients.

Causes and treatment of temporomandibular luxation-a retrospective analysis of 260 patients.

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to clarify the etiology, diagnostic process, and treatment of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) luxation, as the standard care is mainly based on case-reports and systematic studies are lacking. The hypotheses were that luxation occurs spontaneously, recurrence manifests particularly among geriatric patients, and surgery is needed infrequently. PATIENTS AND MATERIALS: A retrospective study of TMJ luxation patients (n = 260) from 2007 to 2020 was designed and implemented. The primary outcome was type of TMJ luxation (i.e., recurrent or non-recurrent), and secondary outcomes were the need for and type of surgical intervention. Predictor variables comprised age, sex, presence of neurological condition, and mechanism of luxation. Administered treatment and clinical outcomes were recorded. RESULTS: Of luxation, 61.9% was recurrent and 40.0% due to spontaneous cause. Only 1.9% of patients underwent surgical intervention. The presence of neurological condition caused a 1.34-fold risk for recurrence of luxation and general condition a 1.57-fold risk. CONCLUSIONS: TMJ luxation is often recurrent, bilateral, and spontaneous. Recurrent luxation is associated with geriatric and neurological conditions, and in this group recurrent TMJ luxation predicted death. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Our findings contribute to more effective diagnostics and treatment of TMJ luxation patients. We show that there is a need to standardize diagnostic measures and treatment patterns. Moreover, collaboration with other specialities, especially neurology and geriatrics, is important.

The complete anatomy of the lingual nerve: A meta-analysis with implications for oral and maxillofacial surgery.

Lingual nerve (LN) injury during surgical procedures in the third molar region warrants a detailed study of its common pathway and important variations. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze and compile the multiple anatomical variations of the LN for use in oral and maxillofacial surgery. It is anticipated that the results of the present meta-analysis may help to minimize the possible complications when performing procedures associated with this anatomical entity. Major online databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase were used to gather all relevant studies regarding the LN anatomy. The results were established based on a total of 1665 LNs. The pooled prevalence of the LN being located below the lingual/ alveolar crest was found to be 77.87% (95% CI: 0.00%-100.00%). The LN was located above the lingual/ alveolar crest in 8.21% (95% CI: 4.63%-12.89%) of examined nerves. The most common shape of the LN was established to be round with a prevalence of 40.96% (95% CI: 23.96%-59.06%), followed by oval at 37.98% (95% CI: 23.98%-53.02%) and flat at 25.16% (95% CI: 12.85%-39.77%). In conclusion, we believe that this is the most accurate and up-to-date study regarding the anatomy of the LN. The LN was found to be located below the lingual/alveolar crest in 77.87% of the cases. Furthermore, the LN was found to enter the tongue under the submandibular duct in 68.39% of the cases. Knowledge about the anatomy of the LN is crucial for numerous oral and maxillofacial procedures such as during the extraction of the third molar.

An Alternative Airway Intervention to Preserve the Surgical Field in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery.

Background/need. Office-based sedation has become increasingly commonplace in dental offices in recent years, allowing for practitioners to provide broader scope of care for their patients. Maintaining high standards of safety is of utmost importance when sedation is utilized in the office-based setting, especially for patients deemed at a higher-risk for intraoperative airway obstruction. This demographic includes but is not limited to individuals with a medical history significant for obstructive sleep apnea, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and morbid obesity. Presently, a wide variety of airway devices exist for use in the event of airway obstruction. However, in the context of oral and maxillofacial surgery, placement of these devices can encroach upon the surgical field, extending the perioperative period and putting the patient at greater long-term risk for maintaining adequate oxygenation. Methodology. The authors describe a preliminary technique trialed in our offices which utilizes a size 5.0 endotracheal tube (5OET) as an adjunct supraglottic airway to help mitigate the issue of oxygen saturation maintenance, as well as unimpeded access to the oral cavity. Implementation of the device requires identifying appropriate candidates during preoperative screening and placing the device through the nare and securing it above the glottis. Device Description. The 'tube kit' is comprised of a standard size straight 5.0 cuffed oral ETT, a 5-mL syringe for inflation of the cuff post insertion, lubricant, flex extension tubing, end tidal sampling line for capnography, tape for securement of the 5OET, and an anesthesia breathing circuit. Optional equipment pieces include an elbow connecter and a foam piece for comfort. Results/Current Status. Preliminary results have demonstrated oxygen saturations maintained above 98% when the 5OET is placed preoperatively. Continued use of the trial device will inform the development of a tube by our clinicians, and its efficacy will be studied in our offices. The next steps will be to start developing a pilot cuff that will be submitted for patent approval after its use in IRB-approved clinical studies.

Can Our Blood Help Ensure Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Properties in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery?

In recent decades, the potential of PRF has been extensively studied. The number of studies about PRF has increased three times since the year 2012, but the full spectrum of its fundamental properties, such as antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity, is not clearly described. In oral and maxillofacial surgery, PRF is described in alveolar ridge preservation, orthognathic surgery, cleft lip and palate surgery, maxillary sinus augmentation, and dental implant placement as demonstrating favorable results and its clinical advantages. The structural complexity, inhomogeneous nature, and clotting ability of PRF make its antimicrobial effect evaluation complicated. Nevertheless, most of the used antimicrobial testing methods are based on antibacterial agent diffusion ability in culture media. Because the oral and maxillofacial region is the most frequent area of PRF application, its antimicrobial activity evaluation also prevails in the oral microbiome. PRF's biological potential is highly dependent on the specific preparation protocol and methodology used; it should be carefully prepared and kept under proper conditions to keep cellular content alive. PRF's influence on living cells demonstrates a stimulating effect on bone regeneration, and an angiogenetic effect, and it provides anti-inflammatory activity. According to analyzed studies, PRF demonstrated success in oral and maxillofacial surgery in various methods of application. Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties were proven by antibacterial activity against different bacterial species, sustained growth factor, sustained release, and cell activity on the material application. Accurately and correctly prepared PRF can ensure antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, and it can be a beneficial clinical tool in oral and maxillofacial surgery.

#OMFSurgery: analyzing the use of social media applications in oral and maxillofacial surgery resident training.

BACKGROUND: Despite its increasing popularity, to our knowledge the use of social media applications (SM) for residents' training in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (OMFS) has not been investigated yet. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of SM applications by OMFS residents for post-graduate training in Germany. METHODS: For explorative assessment, an online questionnaire containing 27 questions about the current use of SM for resident training was sent to OMFS residents in Germany. RESULTS: Sixty-four colleagues participated to the study. Thirty-four participants (54%) responded to regularly use those platforms mainly for OMFS-related content. YouTube (65%, n = 37), Instagram (48%, n = 27), ResearchGate (25%, n = 14) and WhatsApp (16%, n = 9) were the most popular platforms. (Surgical) videos (97%, n = 59), pictures and graphics (82%, n = 50) were the mainly accessed contents. Forty-four participants (69%) stated that SM substantially contributed to their OMFS training. Dentoalveolar surgery and implantology (66%, n = 35) and aesthetic facial surgery (55%, n = 29) content contributed most to OMFS resident training. Fifty-one participants (80%) recommended an official SM account of the DGMKG. CONCLUSIONS: SM is frequently used by OMFS residents for the consumption of training-related content. There is an imbalance toward dentoalveolar and facial aesthetic surgery regarding the presented content. Academic institutions and societies should complement their educational activities to not miss this emerging educational innovation. Official SM content by academic institutions and societies could contribute to the existing educational activities.

Influence of lip position on esthetics perception with respect to profile divergence using silhouette images.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to determine the facial divergence and lip position combinations that are most and least preferred, and to investigate whether age or gender has an impact on these preferences. METHODS: The current investigation was carried out on a sample of 1077 individuals who were not experts in the field (253 men and 824 females). The research employed black silhouette photographs of profiles featuring different lip locations and profile divergences. The recruitment of participants was conducted in order to assess the attractiveness of the profiles, employing a Likert scale. The various positions of the lips and variations in facial profiles were thoroughly categorized. Results were analyzed using the Chi-square test. RESULTS: The findings of the research demonstrated that aesthetic perceptions displayed diversity when considering different lip locations and profile divergences. It was shown that neutral lip positions were predominantly favored, accounting for approximately 40.2% of the total frequencies in the anterior diverging group. It is noteworthy to highlight the aesthetically pleasing features exhibited by those with the most prominent lip position, occurring at a frequency of 10.9% in straight-diverging group. In the posterior divergent group, the most protruded lip position, showed very attractive aesthetics with frequency (7.1%). Gender, age, region, and level of education had significant influence on aesthetic perception. CONCLUSIONS: The variety of aesthetic preferences is influenced by the location of the lips and the divergence of the facial profile, resulting in different outcomes within the categories of anterior, straight, and posterior divergence. Clinicians are advised to customize the treatment regimen in order to correspond with the unique desires and preferences of the patient.

Student experiences of professionalism and role models in an oral and maxillofacial surgery internship: A qualitative study.

INTRODUCTION: Dental students have a clear concept of professionalism and the importance of role models. Our aim was to determine how dental students experience their first oral and maxillofacial surgery internship in terms of their concept of professionalism and their perception of role models. METHODS: From June to August 2020, semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with 22 dental students in their eighth and ninth semesters at the Medical Faculty of the University of Ulm. The interviews were transcribed and evaluated by qualitative content analysis according to Mayring. RESULTS: The students' concept of dental professionalism was shaped by the elements of a good approach to patients, professional competence, and manual skills. This perception was not changed by the internship. Having a role model was seen as an important learning strategy, and role models were perceived in both positive and negative ways. Role models were perceived as positive if they corresponded to the student's concept of professionalism and as negative if they did not correspond to this concept, especially with regard to social interaction or the approach to patients. Students' reactions to discrepancies between their own moral values and the role models' behaviour were characterised by passivity and withdrawal. With regard to potential future careers, positive internship experiences supported student goals, whereas negative experiences raised doubts about them. CONCLUSION: Supervising dentists may still underestimate the considerable impact of internships, and their awareness of this impact needs to be increased. Students' reactions to conflicts between reality and their own values do not appear to be constructive. One approach to solving this problem may be to include discussions of professional development in curricula.