Quantification Quality Control Emerges as a Crucial Factor to Enhance Single-Cell Proteomics Data Analysis.

Mass spectrometry (MS)-based single-cell proteomics (SCP) provides us the opportunity to unbiasedly explore biological variability within cells without the limitation of antibody availability. This field is rapidly developed with the main focuses on instrument advancement, sample preparation refinement, and signal boosting methods; however, the optimal data processing and analysis are rarely investigated which holds an arduous challenge because of the high proportion of missing values and batch effect. Here, we introduced a quantification quality control to intensify the identification of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) by considering both within and across SCP data. Combining quantification quality control with isobaric matching between runs (IMBR) and PSM-level normalization, an additional 12% and 19% of proteins and peptides, with more than 90% of proteins/peptides containing valid values, were quantified. Clearly, quantification quality control was able to reduce quantification variations and q-values with the more apparent cell type separations. In addition, we found that PSM-level normalization performed similar to other protein-level normalizations but kept the original data profiles without the additional requirement of data manipulation. In proof of concept of our refined pipeline, six uniquely identified DEPs exhibiting varied fold-changes and playing critical roles for melanoma and monocyte functionalities were selected for validation using immunoblotting. Five out of six validated DEPs showed an identical trend with the SCP dataset, emphasizing the feasibility of combining the IMBR, cell quality control, and PSM-level normalization in SCP analysis, which is beneficial for future SCP studies.

Cross-α/ß polymorphism of PSMα3 fibrils.

The formation of ordered cross-ß amyloid protein aggregates is associated with a variety of human disorders. While conventional infrared methods serve as sensitive reporters of the presence of these amyloids, the recently discovered amyloid secondary structure of cross-α fibrils presents new questions and challenges. Herein, we report results using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy to monitor the aggregation of one such cross-α-forming peptide, phenol soluble modulin alpha 3 (PSMα3). Phenol soluble modulins (PSMs) are involved in the formation and stabilization of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms, making sensitive methods of detecting and characterizing these fibrils a pressing need. Our experimental data coupled with spectroscopic simulations reveals the simultaneous presence of cross-α and cross-ß polymorphs within samples of PSMα3 fibrils. We also report a new spectroscopic feature indicative of cross-α fibrils.

Exact p-value calculation for XCorr scoring of high-resolution MS/MS data.

Exact p-value (XPV)-based methods for dot product-like score functions-such as the XCorr score implemented in Tide, SEQUEST, Comet or shared peak count-based scoring in MSGF+ and ASPV-provide a fairly good calibration for peptide-spectrum-match (PSM) scoring in database searching-based MS/MS spectrum data identification. Unfortunately, standard XPV methods, in practice, cannot handle high-resolution fragmentation data produced by state-of-the-art mass spectrometers because having smaller bins increases the number of fragment matches that are assigned to incorrect bins and scored improperly. In this article, we present an extension of the XPV method, called the high-resolution exact p-value (HR-XPV) method, which can be used to calibrate PSM scores of high-resolution MS/MS spectra obtained with dot product-like scoring such as the XCorr. The HR-XPV carries remainder masses throughout the fragmentation, allowing them to greatly increase the number of fragments that are properly assigned to the correct bin and, thus, taking advantage of high-resolution data. Using four mass spectrometry data sets, our experimental results demonstrate that HR-XPV produces well-calibrated scores, which in turn results in more trusted spectrum annotations at any false discovery rate level.

Circulating palmitoyl sphingomyelin levels predict the 10-year increased risk of cardiovascular disease death in Chinese adults: findings from the Da Qing Diabetes Study.

BACKGROUND: Higher levels of palmitoyl sphingomyelin (PSM, synonymous with sphingomyelin 16:0) are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in people with diabetes. Whether circulating PSM levels can practically predict the long-term risk of CVD and all-cause death remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether circulating PSM is a real predictor of CVD death in Chinese adults with or without diabetes. METHODS: A total of 286 and 219 individuals with and without diabetes, respectively, from the original Da Qing Diabetes Study were enrolled. Blood samples collected in 2009 were used as a baseline to assess circulating PSM levels. The outcomes of CVD and all-cause death were followed up from 2009 to 2020, and 178 participants died, including 87 deaths due to CVD. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate HRs and their 95% CIs for the outcomes. RESULTS: Fractional polynomial regression analysis showed a linear association between baseline circulating PSM concentration (log-2 transformed) and the risk of all-cause and CVD death (p < 0.001), but not non-CVD death (p > 0.05), in all participants after adjustment for confounders. When the participants were stratified by PSM-tertile, the highest tertile, regardless of diabetes, had a higher incidence of CVD death (41.5 vs. 14.7 and 22.2 vs. 2.9 per 1000 person-years in patients with and without diabetes, respectively, all log-rank p < 0.01). Individuals with diabetes in the highest tertile group had a higher risk of CVD death than those in the lowest tertile (HR = 2.73; 95%CI, 1.20-6.22). CONCLUSIONS: Elevated PSM levels are significantly associated with a higher 10-year risk of CVD death, but not non-CVD death, in Chinese adults with diabetes. These findings suggest that PSM is a potentially useful long-term predictor of CVD death in individuals with diabetes.

Impact of oil-based contrast agents in hysterosalpingography on fertility outcomes in endometriosis: a retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have suggested that oil-based contrast agents used during hysterosalpingography (HSG) in infertile patients can enhance fertility. However, limited research has investigated the effect of oil-based contrast medium specifically in individuals with endometriosis-related infertility. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to explore the impact of oil-based contrast medium on fertility outcomes in women with endometriosis-related infertility. METHODS: Conducted at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University (January 2020 to June 2022), the study included 512 patients undergoing HSG. Patients were categorized into oil-based and non-oil-based groups, and after propensity score matching, demographic characteristics were compared. Main outcomes included clinical pregnancy rates, live birth rates, early miscarriage rates, and ectopic pregnancy rates. RESULTS: In our analysis, the Oil-based group showed significantly better outcomes compared to the Non-oil-based group. Specifically, the Oil-based group had higher clinical pregnancy rates (51.39% vs. 27.36%) and increased live birth rates (31.48% vs. 19.93%). This trend held true for expectant treatment, IUI, and IVF/ICSI, except for surgical treatment where no significant difference was observed. After adjusting for various factors using propensity score matching, the Non-oil-based group consistently exhibited lower clinical pregnancy rates compared to the Oil-based group. The Odds Ratio (OR) was 0.38 (95%CI: 0.27-0.55) without adjustment, 0.34 (0.22-0.51) in multivariable analysis, 0.39 (0.27-0.57) using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW), and 0.22 (0.14-0.35) in propensity score matching. CONCLUSION: Oil-based contrast medium used in HSG for women with endometriosis-related infertility is associated with higher clinical pregnancy rates and live birth rates compared to Non-oil-based contrast medium.

Quality of life in young patients with acute type a aortic dissection in China: comparison with Marfan syndrome and non-Marfan syndrome.

BACKGROUND: There is a paucity of Chinese studies evaluating the quality of life (QoL) in young acute type A aortic dissection (AAAD) patients with Marfan syndrome. METHODS: Young adult AAAD patients (younger than 45 years old) underwent surgical treatment at our institution from January 2017 to December 2020 were consecutive enrolled. The hospital survivors completed 1 year of follow up. Patients were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of Marfan syndrome (MFS). A 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) with a caliper 0.2 was conducted to balance potential bias in baseline. The follow-up data were analyzed primarily for change in quality of life and anxiety status. RESULTS: After PSM, 32 comparable pairs were matched. The baseline data were comparable and postoperative complications were similar between groups. In terms of SF-36 scale, the role physical, bodily pain, role emotional and mental health subscales were no significantly improved in MFS patients over time. At 1 year after discharged, the subscale of mental health and bodily pain were significantly lower in the MFS group than in the non-MFS group. In terms of HADS assessments, the level of anxiety in MFS patients was significantly higher than in non-MFS patients at 1 year after discharged. CONCLUSIONS: The QoL in young AAAD patients with MFS is lower than those without MFS after surgery. This may be associated with the uncontrollable persistent chronic pain and the uncertainty and concerns for the disease's progression.

Statistical optimized production of Phytase from Hanseniaspora guilliermondii S1 and studies on purification, homology modelling and growth promotion effect.

This investigation was performed to obtain a promising phytase enzyme producing yeast. In this regard, the PSM was used to isolate the phytase-producing Hanseniaspora guilliermondii S1 (MG663578) from sugarcane juice. The SSF optimum conditions for phytase generation were optimized using (OVAT) one-variable-at-a-time strategy using both Box-Behnken design and shake flask method (g/100 ml: 0.05 yeast extract, 0.15 Peptone, 0.05 malt extract 0.50 dextrose, pH 5.8 and 28ᵒC). The protein model developed was shown to be adequate for phytase production (91% accuracy), with the greatest phytase productivity in shake flask with substrate jack fruit seed powder being 395 ± 0.43 U/ml compared to 365U/ml for the BBD projected value. Crude Phytase was partially purified with a protein recovery of 43%, revealing a molecular weight of 120 kDa. It had an enzyme kinetic value of Km 3.3 mM and a Vmax of 19.1 mol/min. The 3D structure of PhyS1 amino acid sequences (PhyS1. B99990002) was simulated using Modeler 9.23, and the validated result revealed that 86.7% were in the favored region by Ramachandran plot. The SAVES server verified the 3D PDB file as satisfactory, and the model (in.pdb format) was uploaded in the PMDB database with the accession number ID: PM0082974. At the lab level, Hanseniaspora guilliermondii S1 (MG663578) producing phytase exhibited successful plant growth promotion activity in Ragi - CO 19 (Eleusine coracana L.) and Rice -Navarai - IR 64 (Oryza sativa L.). As a result, a phytase-based formulation for sustainable agriculture must be developed and tested on a large scale in diverse geographical areas of agricultural lands to determine its effect and potential on plant development.

Geographical accessibility of medical resources, health status, and demand of integrated care for older people: a cross-sectional survey from Western China.

BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization (WHO) published the Integrated Care for Older People (ICOPE) framework to help healthcare providers cope with the population aging crisis. However, the relevant evidence on the demands of older people and the compensatory capacity of the environment is limited. This study reports for the first time the level of the ICOPE demand in Western China that includes the impact of geographic accessibility of medical resources (GAMR) on ICOPE demand and the potential mechanism of health status. METHODS: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted among 1200 adults aged 60 years and older selected through multi-stage stratified cluster sampling to obtain relevant data, including ICOPE demand, health status, and GAMR. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to analyze the impact of GAMR on ICOPE demand among older people and those with different health statuses. RESULTS: Among the prospective research participants, 1043 were eligible for the study. The mean score of ICOPE demand among all participants was 3.68 (standard deviation [SD] = 0.78). After adjusting for covariates between high and low GAMR groups (1:1 match), ICOPE demand was significantly higher in the low GAMR group than in the high GAMR group (average treatment effect on the treated [ATT] = 0.270, p < 0.05). For both good and poor self-rated health status, the ICOPE demand of the low GAMR group was significantly higher than that in the high GAMR group (ATT = 0.345, p < 0.05; ATT = 0.190, p < 0.05). For chronic diseases, the ICOPE demand of older people with multimorbidity in the low GAMR group was significantly higher than that in the high GAMR group (ATT = 0.318, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The older population in Western China has a relatively high demand for ICOPE. Low GAMR is a key factor in ICOPE demand growth in this region. It accelerates demand release for both older people with multimorbidity and self-perceptions of health.

Risk of fall in patients with chronic kidney disease: results from the China health and retirement longitudinal study (CHARLS).

BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD), often coexisting with various systemic disorders, may increase the risk of falls. Our study aimed to assess the prevalence and risk of falls among patients with CKD in China. METHODS: We included patients with/without CKD from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Our primary outcome was the occurrence of fall accidents within the past 2 years. To enhance the robustness of our findings, we employed a multivariable logistic regression model, conducted propensity score analysis, and applied an inverse probability-weighting model. RESULTS: A total of 12,658 participants were included, the prevalence of fall accident rates were 17.1% (2,028/11,837) among participants without CKD and 24.7% (203/821) among those with CKD. In the inverse probability-weighting model, participants with CKD exhibited higher fall accident rates (OR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.08-1.53, p = 0.005 ). Sensitivity and subgroup analysis showed the results still stable. CONCLUSIONS: The population in China afflicted with CKD has a significantly heightened risk of experiencing falls, underscoring the crucial importance of intensifying efforts in assessing and preventing fall risks.

Effect of intravenous anesthetic drugs on fertilization rate in oocyte retrieval.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of intravenous anesthetic drugs on fertilization rate in subjects receiving oocyte retrieval by assisted reproduction technology (ART). METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was designed. The clinical information of subjects who received oocyte retrieval procedure was collected. The subjects were divided into two groups based on the type of anesthesia used: the no-anesthesia group and the intravenous anesthesia group. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed and multiple linear regression analyses were conducted. Fertilization rate was compared between the two groups before and after PSM. RESULTS: A total of 765 subjects were divided into two groups: the no-anesthesia group (n = 482) and the intravenous anesthesia group (n = 283). According to propensity scores, 258 pairs of subjects were well matched, and the baseline data between the two groups were not significantly different (P > 0.05). Fertilization rate was 77% in the intravenous anesthesia group, and 76% in the no-anesthesia group, without significant between-group difference (P = 0.685). Before matching, Poisson regression analysis showed no effect of intravenous anesthetic drugs on fertilization rate (RR = 0.859, 95%CI: 0.59 to 1.25, P = 0.422). After matching, no difference was found either (RR = 0.935, 95%CI: 0.67 to 1.29, P = 0.618). CONCLUSION: Intravenous anesthetic drugs may exert no effects on fertilization rate in subjects receiving ART.

Short-and long-term outcomes of one-stage versus two-stage gastrectomy for perforated gastric cancer: a multicenter retrospective propensity score-matched study.

OBJECTIVE: There is no scientific consensus about the treatment of perforated gastric cancer (PGC). Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate which is the better treatment option for PGC between the single-stage and two-stage strategies. METHODS: All 81 PGC patients from 13 medical institutions were retrospectively enrolled in this study. The PGC patients who underwent R0 gastrectomy were divided into one-stage surgery and two-stage surgery groups. The clinicopathological characteristics of the two groups were compared, and 415 regular gastric cancer patients without perforation were randomly selected as a control. The propensity score matching (PSM) method was used to find matched regular GC patients with similar clinicopathological parameters. The OS (overall survival) and the number harvested lymph nodes from PGC patients and regular GC patients were compared. RESULTS: Compared with PGC patients who underwent one-stage surgery, those who underwent two-stage surgery harvested significantly more lymph nodes [31(27, 38) vs 17 (12, 24), P < 0.001], required less blood transfusion [0 (0, 100) vs 200 (0, 800), P = 0.034], had a shorter ICU stay [0 (0, 1.5) vs 3 (0, 3), P = 0.009], and had a significantly better OS (Median OS: 45 months vs 11 months, P = 0.007). Compared with propensity score-matched regular GC patients without perforation, PGC patients who underwent one-stage gastrectomy had a poorer quality of lymphadenectomy [17 (12, 24) vs 29 (21, 37), P < 0.001] and suffered a worse OS (Median OS: 18 months vs 30 months, P = 0.024). Conversely, two-stage gastrectomy can achieve a comparable quality of lymphadenectomy (P = 0.506) and a similar OS (P = 0.096) compared to propensity score-matched regular GC patients. CONCLUSIONS: For PGC patients in poor condition, two-stage treatment is a better option when D2 radical gastrectomy cannot be achieved in emergency surgery, based on our findings that two-stage gastrectomy could provide PGC patients with a better quality of lymphadenectomy and a better OS.

Efficacy of chemoradiotherapy in elderly patients with stage IV inoperable head and neck cancer.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to compare the efficacy of chemoradiotherapy (CRT) with radiotherapy (RT) alone for elderly patients (≥ 65 years) with stage IV inoperable head and neck cancer (IV-HNC). METHODS: Elderly patients diagnosed with inoperable IV-HNC from 2010 to 2015 were identified using the SEER database. Then, we performed a 1:1 propensity-score matched (PSM) analysis to reduce treatment selection bias, and the prognostic role of CRT was investigated using Kaplan-Meier analysis, log-rank test, and Cox proportional hazard models. The main outcome was overall survival (OS), and the secondary outcome was cancer-specific survival (CSS). RESULTS: A total of 3318 patients were enrolled, of whom 601 received RT alone and 2717 received CRT. Through PSM, 526 patients were successfully matched, and balances between the two treatment groups were reached. In the matched dataset, multivariable Cox analysis revealed that CRT was associated with better OS (HR = 0.580, P < 0.001) and CSS (HR = 0.586, P < 0.001). Meanwhile, subgroups of patients with IV-HNC (younger age, male sex, being married, black race, grade I-II, oral cavity site, T3-T4 stage, N0-N1 stage, M1 stage) were inclined to benefit more from CRT treatment. Furthermore, the survival benefit of CRT was more pronounced in patients aged 65 to 80 years, but was absent in patients aged 80 years or older. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicated that CRT resulted in better survival than RT alone in elderly patients with inoperable IV-HNC, especially for those subpopulations that benefit more from CRT treatment.

Risk factors on surgical compliance and its impact on survival outcomes in meningioma patients: a SEER-based retrospective propensity-score matched analysis.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to analyze the effect of surgical compliance on the survival outcome of patients with meningioma and explore the factors affecting surgical compliance. METHODS: We selected data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database for 122,632 meningioma patients diagnosed between 2004 and 2018. The effect of surgical compliance on patients' overall survival (OS) was analyzed through Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier curves. Independent risk factors for surgical compliance were identified through multifactorial logistic regression analyses to construct diagnostic nomograms, further assessed by receiver operating characteristic curves. Furthermore, we used univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses to evaluate relevant variables linked to adherence with meningioma surgery. Moreover, 1:1 propensity score matching was applied to assess the validity of the results in patients with favorable and poor surgical compliance. RESULTS: A total of 48,735 were eligible from the initial cohort of 122,632 patients with meningioma. Among them, 45,038 (92.40%) exhibited good surgical compliance, while 3697 (7.60%) had poor surgical compliance. The rate of patients with good surgical compliance was significantly higher than that of patients with inadequate surgical compliance (p < 0.001). Moreover, surgical compliance is an independent prognostic factor for OS in meningioma patients. Univariate Cox regression analysis indicated that individuals with poor surgical compliance demonstrated lower OS rates than those with good surgical compliance (hazard ratio [HR 2.404; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.276-2.54, p < 0.001], consistent with the observation in the multivariate analysis (HR 1.564; 95% CI 1.471-1.663, p < 0.001). We developed a prediction model using seven variables: age, sex, race, tumor behavior recode, tumor size, family income, and residential setting (p < 0.05). Surgical compliance was associated with patient age, sex, race, tumor behavior recode, tumor size, family income, and residential setting by logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical compliance emerged as an independent prognostic factor for survival in patients with meningioma. Poor surgical compliance was associated with older age, black and other races, females, advanced-stage tumors, larger tumor size, lower household income, and rural residence. When patients experienced these conditions, OS was shorter, requiring more aggressive treatment.

Ultrasonic Imaging of Deeper Bone Defect Using Virtual Source Synthetic Aperture with Phased Shift Migration: A Phantom Study.

Ultrasound imaging for bone is a difficult task in the field of medical ultrasound. Compared with other phase array techniques, the synthetic aperture (SA) has a better lateral resolution but a limited imaging depth due to the limited ultrasonic energy emitted by the single emitter in each transmission. In contrast, the virtual source (VS) synthetic aperture allows a simultaneous multi-element emission and could provide a higher ultrasonic incident energy in each transmission. Therefore, the VS might achieve a high imaging quality at a deeper depth for bone imaging than the traditional SA. In this study, we proposed the virtual source phase shift migration (VS-PSM) method to achieve ultrasonic imaging of the deeper bone defect featured in the multilayer structure. The proposed VS-PSM method was validated using standard soft tissue phantom and printed bone phantom with artificial defects. The image quality was evaluated in terms of contrast-to-noise ratios (CNR) and amplitudes of scatters and defects at different imaging depths. The results showed that the VS-PSM method could achieve a high imaging quality of the soft tissues with a significant improvement in the scattering amplitude and without a significant sacrifice of the lateral and axial resolution. The PSM was superior to the DAS in suppressing the background noise in the images. Compared with the traditional SA-PSM, the VS-PSM method could image deeper bone defects at different ultrasonic frequencies, with an average improvement of 50% in CNR. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the proposed VS-PSM method could image deeper bone defects and might help the diagnosis of bone disease using ultrasonic imaging.

Perioperative outcomes of uniportal versus three-port video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery in lung cancer patients aged ≥ 75 years old: a cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Increasing attention has been raised on the surgical option for lung cancer patients aged ≥75 years, however, few studies have focused on whether uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) is safe and feasible for these patients. This study aimed to evaluate short-term results of uniportal versus three-port VATS for the treatment of lung cancer patients aged ≥75 years. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated 582 lung cancer patients (≥75 years) who underwent uniportal or three-port VATS from August 2007 to August 2021 based on the Western China Lung Cancer Database. The baseline and perioperative outcomes between uniportal and three-port VATS were compared in the whole cohort (WC) and the patients undergoing lobectomy (lobectomy cohort, LC) respectively. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to minimize confounding bias between the uniportal and three-port cohorts in WC and LC. RESULTS: Intraoperative blood loss was significantly less in the uniportal than three-port LC (50 mL vs. 83 mL, P = 0.007) before PSM and relatively less in the uniportal than three-port LC (50 mL vs. 83 mL, P = 0.05) after PSM. Significantly more lymph nodes harvested (13 vs. 9, P = 0.007) were found in the uniportal than three-port LC after PSM. In addition, in WC and LC, there were no significant differences between uniportal and three-port cohorts in terms of operation time, the rate of conversion to thoracotomy during surgery, nodal treatments (dissection or sampling or not), the overall number of lymph node stations dissected, postoperative complications, volume and duration of postoperative thoracic drainage, hospital stay after operation and hospitalization expenses before and after PSM (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: There were no significant differences in short-term outcomes between uniportal and three-port VATS for lung cancer patients (≥75 years), except relatively less intraoperative blood loss (P < 0.05 before PSM and P = 0.05 after PSM) and significantly more lymph nodes harvested (P < 0.05 after PSM) were found in uniportal LC. It is reasonable to indicate that uniportal VATS is a safe, feasible and effective operation procedure for lung cancer patients aged ≥75 years.

Influence of labor migration on rural household food waste in China: Application of propensity score matching (PSM).

Food waste has emerged as a critical global concern, with households identified as major contributors to this pressing issue. As the world grapples with sustainability challenges, addressing food waste in the context of rural labor migration is crucial for achieving broader sustainable development goals. However, there is still limited research regarding the relationship between labor migration and food waste. We utilized propensity score matching to analyze cross-sectional data collected from 1270 rural households in China. Labor migration led to significant increases of 37% in overall food waste and 35% in plant-based food waste, respectively. Furthermore, households with labor migration exhibited 29%, 31%, and 30 % higher energy, protein, and carbohydrate waste, respectively, compared to non-migration households. Regarding micronutrients, migration led to a 39% increase in iron waste, a 42% increase in zinc waste, and a 47% increase in selenium waste. The results of the categorical analysis indicate variations in the impact of labor migration on food wastage within rural households. Food wastage in rural households with chronic illness patients responds differently to labor migration. Moreover, labor migration predominantly affects households without courier services in villages, where dietary diversity plays a significant role. Understanding these variations is essential for crafting targeted interventions and policies to address food waste in different rural contexts. The policy implications of our study are crucial for addressing food waste and advancing sustainable development in rural China, where labor migration plays a significant role.

Does carbon emission trading policy has emission reduction effect?-An empirical study based on quasi-natural experiment method.

As an important measure to reduce carbon emissions, carbon emission trading policy has been widely concerned and implemented around the world. The emission reduction effect of carbon emission trading policy has become a hot topic in theoretical researches and empirical explorations. Hence, this study aims to discuss the impact of the implementation of carbon emission trading policy on the reduction of carbon emissions, as well as the potential influencing paths and mechanisms. The quasi-nature experimental design is conducted with the data of 272 prefecture-level cities in China from 2007 to 2019. The propensity score matching (PSM) and difference-in-difference (DID) methods are adopted to explore and verify the causal relationship between carbon emission trading policy and carbon emissions. The results of this study are as follows: (1) the implementation of carbon emission policy can promote the reduction of carbon emission significantly; (2) the heterogeneity analysis results denote that the effect of carbon emission policy on the reduction of carbon emission varies among cities of different geographical locations; (3) mechanism analysis results indicate that technological capability is the main channel for carbon emission policy promotes the reduction of carbon emission; however, the effect of industry structure upgrading mechanisms is not significant. This manuscript responds to the theoretical issues of carbon emission and provides an empirical basis and references for further promoting the implementation of carbon emission policy.

Molecular subtypes of breast cancer predicting clinical benefits of radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery: a propensity-score-matched cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Based on the molecular expression of cancer cells, molecular subtypes of breast cancer have been applied to classify patients for predicting clinical outcomes and prognosis. However, further evidence is needed regarding the influence of molecular subtypes on the efficacy of radiotherapy (RT) after breast-conserving surgery (BCS), particularly in a population-based context. Hence, the present study employed a propensity-score-matched cohort design to investigate the potential role of molecular subtypes in stratifying patient outcomes for post-BCS RT and to identify the specific clinical benefits that may emerge. METHODS: From 2006 to 2019, the present study included 59,502 breast cancer patients who underwent BCS from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. Propensity scores were utilized to match confounding variables between patients with and without RT within each subtype of breast cancer, namely luminal A, luminal B/HER2-negative, luminal B/HER2-positive, basal-like, and HER2-enriched ones. Several clinical outcomes were assessed, in terms of local recurrence (LR), regional recurrence (RR), distant metastasis (DM), disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS). RESULTS: After post-BCS RT, patients with luminal A and luminal B/HER2-positive breast cancers exhibited a decrease in LR (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 0.18, p < 0.0001; and, 0.24, p = 0.0049, respectively). Furthermore, reduced RR and improved DFS were observed in patients with luminal A (aHR = 0.15, p = 0.0004; and 0.29, p < 0.0001), luminal B/HER2-negative (aHR = 0.06, p = 0.0093; and, 0.46, p = 0.028), and luminal B/HER2-positive (aHR = 0.14, p = 0.01; and, 0.38, p < 0.0001) breast cancers. Notably, OS benefits were found in patients with luminal A (aHR = 0.62, p = 0.002), luminal B/HER2-negative (aHR = 0.30, p < 0.0001), basal-like (aHR = 0.40, p < 0.0001), and HER2-enriched (aHR = 0.50, p = 0.03), but not luminal B/HER2-positive diseases. Remarkably, when considering DM, luminal A patients who received RT demonstrated a lower cumulative incidence of DM than those without RT (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: In patients with luminal A breast cancer who undergo BCS, RT could decrease the likelihood of tumor metastasis. After RT, the tumor's hormone receptor status may predict tumor control regarding LR, RR, and DFS. Besides, the HER2 status of luminal breast cancer patients may serve as an additional predictor of OS after post-BCS RT. However, further prospective studies are required to validate these findings.

Identification and characterization of SCCmec typing with psm-mec positivity in staphylococci from patients with coagulase-negative staphylococci peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis.

BACKGROUND: Peritonitis is the most important complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) are a frequent cause of dialysis-related infections. The association between SCCmec typing with psm-mec positivity in staphylococci and PD-related infections has not been identified. We aim to investigate the molecular epidemiology of CNS isolated from PD-peritonitis in a single Chinese center, focusing on the genetic determinants conferring methicillin resistance. METHODS: We collected 10 genetically unrelated CNS isolates from 10 patients with CNS PD-related peritonitis. The patients were divided into two groups based on the results of MIC to oxacillin: the methicillin-resistant CNS (MRCNS) and methicillin-sensitive CNS (MSCNS) groups. The biofilm formation group (BFG) and the non-biofilm formation group (NBFG) were used as the control groups. Phenotypic and molecular methods were used to analyze SCCmec types I, II and III, associated genes and biofilm formation and the existence of psm-mec. The demographic data and clinical indicators were collected. RESULTS: Ten CNS PD-related peritonitis patients were enrolled for this study. There were 6 MRCNS and 4 MRCNS isolates. SCCmec types were fully determined in 10 isolates. Seven staphylococci (70%) carried SCCmec, of which 4 isolates carried single SCCmec type I (40%) and 3 isolates had multiple SCCmec elements (I + III). Of the 6 MRCNS isolates, 3 carried SCCmec type I (50%) and 2 isolates carried SCCmec type I + III (33.3%). A high diversity of ccr types, mec complexes and ccr-mec complex combinations was identified among the 10 CNS isolates. The psm-mec gene was detected in 2/10 (20%) CNS isolates. There was no mutation in the psm-mec gene. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of isolates were hospital-associated isolates. Furthermore, 2 psm-mec positive isolates were MRCNS in the NBFG. The PD patients frequent exposure to hospital would be the main risk factor. The presence of the psm-mec signal in the spectra of the MRCNS tested here demonstrates the presence of certain SCCmec cassettes that convey methicillin resistance.

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) can rapidly deliver artificial microRNA (AmiRNA)-ATG6 to silence ATG6 expression in Arabidopsis.

KEY MESSAGE: We establish a fast and efficient transient silencing system that facilitates functional studies of some genes, whose knockout leads to plant lethality. In plants, the generation of loss-of-function mutants is crucial for studying gene function. Artificial microRNA (AmiRNA) technology is a more targeted and effective tool for gene silencing. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) can bind nucleic acids and deliver them into animal cells. Here, AuNPs are used in combination with AmiRNA technology in plants. We found that AmiRNA-autophagy-related proteins (ATG6) can be delivered to cells by AuNPs to achieve the effect of ATG6 silencing. It is worth noting that on the 10th day there is still a silencing effect. Similar to the atg5 lines, silencing of ATG6 significantly reduced plant resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv.maculicola (Psm) ES4326/AvrRpt2. Interestingly, ATG6 silencing and ATG5 mutation in NPR1-GFP (nonexpressor of pathogenesis-related genes) lines significantly reduced plant resistance to Psm ES4326/AvrRpt2, suggesting that autophagy is also involved in NPR1-regulated plant immune responses. In summary, we establish a fast and efficient transient silencing system that facilitates functional studies of some genes, whose knockout leads to plant lethality.