ABSTRACT
In experimental acute interstitial pneumonia caused by Ascaris suum, therapy with aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) provided symptomatic control of the condition, reducing or abolishing the characteristic "setback". Treatment with antihistamines or antiserotonin agents caused no observable clinical improvements.
Subject(s)
Aspirin/therapeutic use , Cattle Diseases/drug therapy , Pulmonary Fibrosis/veterinary , Animals , Ascariasis/drug therapy , Ascariasis/pathology , Ascariasis/veterinary , Cattle , Cattle Diseases/pathology , Histamine/blood , Lung/pathology , Meclofenamic Acid/therapeutic use , Methysergide/therapeutic use , Pulmonary Fibrosis/drug therapy , Pulmonary Fibrosis/pathology , Tripelennamine/therapeutic useSubject(s)
Cattle Diseases/diagnosis , Myasthenia Gravis/veterinary , Animals , Cattle , Cattle Diseases/drug therapy , Cholinesterase Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Edrophonium/therapeutic use , Female , Histamine H1 Antagonists/therapeutic use , Myasthenia Gravis/diagnosis , Myasthenia Gravis/drug therapy , Syndrome , Tripelennamine/therapeutic useSubject(s)
Histamine H1 Antagonists/therapeutic use , Hypothermia/chemically induced , Parasympathomimetics , Pyrrolidinones , Alkynes/antagonists & inhibitors , Analysis of Variance , Animals , Atropine/therapeutic use , Benzyl Compounds/therapeutic use , Chlorpheniramine/therapeutic use , Cyproheptadine/therapeutic use , Diphenhydramine/therapeutic use , Ethylenediamines/therapeutic use , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Hypothermia/drug therapy , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred Strains , Parasympathomimetics/antagonists & inhibitors , Piperazines/therapeutic use , Promethazine/therapeutic use , Pyridines/therapeutic use , Pyrrolidines/antagonists & inhibitors , Pyrrolidinones/antagonists & inhibitors , Tripelennamine/therapeutic useSubject(s)
Anaphylaxis/veterinary , Blood Pressure , Chickens , Poultry Diseases/physiopathology , Acetylcholine/therapeutic use , Anaphylaxis/physiopathology , Anaphylaxis/prevention & control , Anesthesia, Intravenous , Animals , Atropine/therapeutic use , Chloral Hydrate , Chlorpheniramine/therapeutic use , Epinephrine/therapeutic use , Female , Flumethasone/therapeutic use , Hexamethonium Compounds/therapeutic use , Histamine/therapeutic use , Norepinephrine/therapeutic use , Pentobarbital , Poultry Diseases/prevention & control , Promethazine/therapeutic use , Salicylates/therapeutic use , Serum Albumin, Bovine , Tripelennamine/therapeutic use , p-Methoxy-N-methylphenethylamine/therapeutic useSubject(s)
Cattle Diseases/etiology , Myoglobinuria/veterinary , Paralysis/veterinary , Animal Feed , Animals , Cattle , Chloramphenicol/therapeutic use , Cold Temperature/adverse effects , Creatine/urine , Creatine Kinase/blood , Dexamethasone/therapeutic use , Diet/adverse effects , Female , Myoglobinuria/drug therapy , Myoglobinuria/etiology , Paralysis/drug therapy , Paralysis/etiology , Physical Exertion , Porphyrins/urine , Tripelennamine/therapeutic use , Vitamin B Complex/therapeutic use , Vitamin E/therapeutic useSubject(s)
Animal Diseases/drug therapy , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Communicable Diseases/veterinary , Animals , Cattle , Cattle Diseases/drug therapy , Communicable Diseases/drug therapy , Dexamethasone/therapeutic use , Drug Synergism , Horse Diseases/drug therapy , Horses , Injections , Swine , Swine Diseases/drug therapy , Tripelennamine/therapeutic useSubject(s)
Anti-Anxiety Agents/therapeutic use , Medazepam/therapeutic use , Parasympatholytics/therapeutic use , Stomach Ulcer/drug therapy , Tripelennamine/therapeutic use , Animals , Drug Combinations , Gastric Juice/metabolism , Gastric Mucosa/drug effects , Gastric Mucosa/physiology , Medazepam/pharmacology , Parasympatholytics/pharmacology , Rats , Tripelennamine/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Seven hundred eighty-two patients diagnosed as having either seasonal allergic rhinitis or perennial allergic rhinitis in a solo allergy practice were given five different antihistamine products representing each of the five classes of antihistamines. The following products were evaluated for 2 weeks each: tripelennamine, diphenhydramine, chlorpheniramine, hydroxyzine, and trimeprazine. Symptoms and side effects were graded 0 to 4. The more troublesome side effects, graded 3 or 4, were tabulated. The antihistamine products in order of increasing frequency of significant side effects were: trimeprazine, chlorpheniramine, hydroxyzine, diphenhydramine, and tripelennamine. The order of antihistamine preference by the patients was chlorpheniramine (27%), diphenhydramine (22%), tripelennamine (20%), hydroxyzine (16%), and trimeprazine (14%). Only seven of 758 patients (less than 1%) were unable to find an acceptable antihistamine class. Patients remained on their antihistamine class of first choice 78% of the time after 1 year, 71% after 3 years and 51% after 5 years. The antihistamine pack provides a rational approach to antihistamine selection in patients with allergic rhinitis.
Subject(s)
Histamine H1 Antagonists/therapeutic use , Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/drug therapy , Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/drug therapy , Chlorpheniramine/therapeutic use , Clinical Trials as Topic , Diphenhydramine/therapeutic use , Histamine H1 Antagonists/adverse effects , Humans , Hydroxyzine/therapeutic use , Patient Participation , Sleep Stages , Trimeprazine/therapeutic use , Tripelennamine/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Systemic anaphylaxis was induced in seven groups of ponies. Systemic hypotension, pulmonary hypotension, and apnea were observed in the control group. Suppression of anaphylaxis was achieved most efficiently with sodium meclofenamate followed by acetylsalicylic acid and diethylcarboamazine. Tripelennamine and methysergide reduced anaphylaxis minimally and burimamide not at all. The findings suggest that histamine and serotonin are of relatively low significance in equine anaphylaxis whereas kinins, prostaglandins and slow reacting substance may be more important.
Subject(s)
Anaphylaxis/veterinary , Horse Diseases/drug therapy , Anaphylaxis/drug therapy , Anaphylaxis/physiopathology , Animals , Aspirin/therapeutic use , Blood Pressure , Bradykinin/therapeutic use , Diethylcarbamazine/therapeutic use , Female , Histamine/therapeutic use , Horse Diseases/immunology , Horse Diseases/physiopathology , Horses , Male , Meclofenamic Acid/therapeutic use , Methacholine Compounds/therapeutic use , Methysergide/therapeutic use , Respiration , Serotonin/therapeutic use , Tripelennamine/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Histamine dihydrochloride (40 or 80 mg/kg, dissolved in 10% gelatin) subcutaneously administered to fasted rats induced few lesions in the gastric mucosa within 4 h. Pretreatment with subcutaneously administered 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 (dmPGE2; greater than or equal to 10 micrograms/kg) dose-dependently worsened mucosal injury induced by histamine, mostly with severe hemorrhage in the corpus mucosa along the greater curvature, although dmPGE2 alone did not induce any macroscopic damage. The mucosal vascular permeability as measured using Evans blue was slightly but significantly augmented by either dmPGE2 (30 micrograms/kg) or histamine (80 mg/kg) alone, but was markedly increased by histamine in the presence of dmPGE2. The increased vascular permeability occurred within 2 h, and preceded the appearance of hemorrhagic mucosal injury. Both the mucosal injury and the increased vascular permeability caused by histamine (80 mg/kg) in the presence of dmPGE2 (30 micrograms/kg) were significantly reduced by pretreatment with tripelennamine (30 mg/kg) and prednisolone (3 mg/kg), but not affected by atropine sulfate, cimetidine, methysergide, or indomethacin. The stimulation of acid secretion caused by histamine was significantly inhibited by dmPGE2 (30 micrograms/kg). Repeated administration of histamine (40 or 80 mg/kg) in the same area of the stomach in the presence of dmPGE2 (30 micrograms/kg), once or twice daily for 4 days to fed rats, induced more pronounced damage than single-dose treatment. These results suggest that dmPGE2 may aggravate gastric mucosal injury induced by histamine in rats probably due to potentiation of the increased vascular permeability caused by histamine through stimulation of H1-receptors.
Subject(s)
Capillary Permeability/drug effects , Gastric Mucosa/drug effects , Histamine/toxicity , Prostaglandins E, Synthetic/toxicity , Animals , Drug Synergism , Gastric Mucosa/blood supply , Gastritis/etiology , Gastritis/prevention & control , Hemorrhage/etiology , Hemorrhage/prevention & control , Male , Prednisolone/therapeutic use , Rats , Stimulation, Chemical , Tripelennamine/therapeutic useABSTRACT
In unanaethetised rats with a single injection of compound 48/80, a mast cell degranulator (0.75 mg kg-1, i.p.), gastric lesions occurred with increased serum serotonin and histamine levels and reduced gastric mucosal blood flow at 0.5 h after the injection and developed at 3 h. Pretreatment with either cyproheptadine (a serotonin and histamine antagonist) or methysergide (a serotonin antagonist) prevented the formation of gastric mucosal lesions with attenuation of reduced gastric mucosal blood flow at 0.5 h after compound 48/80 injection, while pretreatment with either amitriptyline (a selective inhibitor of histamine release from mast cells), tripelennamine (a histamine H1-receptor antagonist), famotidine (a histamine H2-receptor antagonist) or cimetidine (a histamine H2-receptor antagonist) had no effect. Pretreatment with either cyproheptadine, methysergide, amitriptyline or tripelennamine prevented the development of gastric mucosal lesions at 3 h after compound 48/80 injection, while pretreatment with either famotidine or cimetidine had no effect. These results indicate that in unanaesthetised rats with a single compound 48/80 treatment, acutely released endogenous serotonin causes gastric mucosal lesions, while released endogenous histamine mainly contributes to the lesion development and that gastric acid plays little role in the pathogenesis of the compound 48/80-induced acute gastric lesions.
Subject(s)
Cell Degranulation/drug effects , Gastric Mucosa/drug effects , Histamine/physiology , Mast Cells/drug effects , Serotonin/physiology , Stomach Ulcer/blood , Stomach Ulcer/chemically induced , p-Methoxy-N-methylphenethylamine/toxicity , Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Amitriptyline/therapeutic use , Animals , Cimetidine/therapeutic use , Cyproheptadine/therapeutic use , Famotidine/therapeutic use , Gastric Mucosa/blood supply , Histamine/blood , Histamine H1 Antagonists/therapeutic use , Histamine H2 Antagonists/therapeutic use , Male , Methysergide/therapeutic use , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Serotonin/blood , Serotonin Antagonists/therapeutic use , Stomach Ulcer/prevention & control , Tripelennamine/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Eighteen horses affected by the idiopathic headshaker syndrome were studied in an owner assessed trial to test the efficacy of some prophylactic therapies. Riding the affected animal with a veil over the nostrils gave varying degrees of temporary relief in three of 10 horses. Local (intra-nasal) corticosteroid therapy was reported to be slightly effective in three of nine horses, but treatment with sodium cromoglycate, systemic corticosteroid, flunixin meglumine and an antihistamine were generally ineffective. Bilateral infraorbital neurectomy provided sustained relief in three of seven horses, but in one of these cases, a reaction at the neurectomy site necessitated another surgical procedure after six months. A fourth horse was reported to be slightly improved after neurectomy. A period of nasal irritation resulting in self-inflicted trauma was a common complication of this surgery.