To Assist Oncologists: An Efficient Machine Learning-Based Approach for Anti-Cancer Peptides Classification.

In the modern technological era, Anti-cancer peptides (ACPs) have been considered a promising cancer treatment. It's critical to find new ACPs to ensure a better knowledge of their functioning processes and vaccine development. Thus, timely and efficient ACPs using a computational technique are highly needed because of the enormous peptide sequences generated in the post-genomic era. Recently, numerous adaptive statistical algorithms have been developed for separating ACPs and NACPs. Despite great advancements, existing approaches still have insufficient feature descriptors and learning methods, limiting predictive performance. To address this, a trustworthy framework is developed for the precise identification of ACPs. Particularly, the presented approach incorporates four hypothetical feature encoding mechanisms namely: amino acid, dipeptide, tripeptide, and an improved version of pseudo amino acid composition are applied to indicate the motif of the target class. Moreover, principal component analysis (PCA) is employed for feature pruning, while selecting optimal, deep, and highly variated features. Due to the diverse nature of learning, experiments are performed over numerous algorithms to select the optimum operating method. After investigating the empirical outcomes, the support vector machine with hybrid feature space shows better performance. The proposed framework achieved an accuracy of 97.09% and 98.25% over the benchmark and independent datasets, respectively. The comparative analysis demonstrates that our proposed model outperforms as compared to the existing methods and is beneficial in drug development, and oncology.

An Effective Skin Cancer Classification Mechanism via Medical Vision Transformer.

Skin Cancer (SC) is considered the deadliest disease in the world, killing thousands of people every year. Early SC detection can increase the survival rate for patients up to 70%, hence it is highly recommended that regular head-to-toe skin examinations are conducted to determine whether there are any signs or symptoms of SC. The use of Machine Learning (ML)-based methods is having a significant impact on the classification and detection of SC diseases. However, there are certain challenges associated with the accurate classification of these diseases such as a lower detection accuracy, poor generalization of the models, and an insufficient amount of labeled data for training. To address these challenges, in this work we developed a two-tier framework for the accurate classification of SC. During the first stage of the framework, we applied different methods for data augmentation to increase the number of image samples for effective training. As part of the second tier of the framework, taking into consideration the promising performance of the Medical Vision Transformer (MVT) in the analysis of medical images, we developed an MVT-based classification model for SC. This MVT splits the input image into image patches and then feeds these patches to the transformer in a sequence structure, like word embedding. Finally, Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) is used to classify the input image into the corresponding class. Based on the experimental results achieved on the Human Against Machine (HAM10000) datasets, we concluded that the proposed MVT-based model achieves better results than current state-of-the-art techniques for SC classification.

An Efficient and Effective Deep Learning-Based Model for Real-Time Face Mask Detection.

Since December 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic has led to a dramatic loss of human lives and caused severe economic crises worldwide. COVID-19 virus transmission generally occurs through a small respiratory droplet ejected from the mouth or nose of an infected person to another person. To reduce and prevent the spread of COVID-19 transmission, the World Health Organization (WHO) advises the public to wear face masks as one of the most practical and effective prevention methods. Early face mask detection is very important to prevent the spread of COVID-19. For this purpose, we investigate several deep learning-based architectures such as VGG16, VGG19, InceptionV3, ResNet-101, ResNet-50, EfficientNet, MobileNetV1, and MobileNetV2. After these experiments, we propose an efficient and effective model for face mask detection with the potential to be deployable over edge devices. Our proposed model is based on MobileNetV2 architecture that extracts salient features from the input data that are then passed to an autoencoder to form more abstract representations prior to the classification layer. The proposed model also adopts extensive data augmentation techniques (e.g., rotation, flip, Gaussian blur, sharping, emboss, skew, and shear) to increase the number of samples for effective training. The performance of our proposed model is evaluated on three publicly available datasets and achieved the highest performance as compared to other state-of-the-art models.

A Deep-Learning Model for Real-Time Red Palm Weevil Detection and Localization.

Background and motivation: Over the last two decades, particularly in the Middle East, Red Palm Weevils (RPW, Rhynchophorus ferruginous) have proved to be the most destructive pest of palm trees across the globe. Problem: The RPW has caused considerable damage to various palm species. The early identification of the RPW is a challenging task for good date production since the identification will prevent palm trees from being affected by the RPW. This is one of the reasons why the use of advanced technology will help in the prevention of the spread of the RPW on palm trees. Many researchers have worked on finding an accurate technique for the identification, localization and classification of the RPW pest. This study aimed to develop a model that can use a deep-learning approach to identify and discriminate between the RPW and other insects living in palm tree habitats using a deep-learning technique. Researchers had not applied deep learning to the classification of red palm weevils previously. Methods: In this study, a region-based convolutional neural network (R-CNN) algorithm was used to detect the location of the RPW in an image by building bounding boxes around the image. A CNN algorithm was applied in order to extract the features to enclose with the bounding boxes-the selection target. In addition, these features were passed through the classification and regression layers to determine the presence of the RPW with a high degree of accuracy and to locate its coordinates. Results: As a result of the developed model, the RPW can be quickly detected with a high accuracy of 100% in infested palm trees at an early stage. In the Al-Qassim region, which has thousands of farms, the model sets the path for deploying an efficient, low-cost RPW detection and classification technology for palm trees.