Evaluation of a Magnetic Compression Anastomosis for Jejunoileal Partial Diversion in Rhesus Macaques.

PURPOSE: Metabolic surgery remains underutilized for treating type 2 diabetes, as less invasive alternative interventions with improved risk profiles are needed. We conducted a pilot study to evaluate the feasibility of a novel magnetic compression device to create a patent limited caliber side-to-side jejunoileal partial diversion in a nonhuman primate model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using an established nonhuman primate model of diet-induced insulin resistance, a magnetic compression device was used to create a side-to-side jejunoileal anastomosis. Primary outcomes evaluated feasibility (e.g., device mating and anastomosis patency) and safety (e.g., device-related complications). Secondary outcomes evaluated the device's ability to produce metabolic changes associated with jejunoileal partial diversion (e.g., homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance [HOMA-IR] and body weight). RESULTS: Device mating, spontaneous detachment, and excretion occurred in all animals (n = 5). There were no device-related adverse events. Upon completion of the study, ex vivo anastomoses were widely patent with healthy mucosa and no evidence of stricture. At 6 weeks post-device placement, HOMA-IR improved to below baseline values (p < 0.05). Total weight also decreased in a linear fashion (R2 = 0.97) with total weight loss at 6 weeks post-device placement of 14.4% (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The use of this novel magnetic compression device to create a limited caliber side-to-side jejunoileal anastomosis is safe and likely feasible in a nonhuman primate model. The observed glucoregulatory and metabolic effects of a partial jejunoileal bypass with this device warrant further investigation to validate the long-term glucometabolic impact of this approach.

Risk Factors for Hospital-Acquired Pressure Injury in Adult Critical Care Patients.

BACKGROUND: Accurately measuring the risk of pressure injury remains the most important step for effective prevention and intervention. Relative contributions of risk factors for the incidence of pressure injury in adult critical care patients are not well understood. OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate a model to identify risk factors associated with hospital-acquired pressure injuries among adult critical care patients. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included 23 806 adult patients (28 480 encounters) with an intensive care unit stay at an academic quaternary care center. Patient encounters were randomly split (7:3) into training and validation sets. The training set was used to develop a multivariable logistic regression model using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator method. The model's performance was evaluated with the validation set. RESULTS: Independent risk factors identified by logistic regression were length of hospital stay, preexisting diabetes, preexisting renal failure, maximum arterial carbon dioxide pressure, minimum arterial oxygen pressure, hypotension, gastrointestinal bleeding, cellulitis, and minimum Braden Scale score of 14 or less. On validation, the model differentiated between patients with and without pressure injury, with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.85, and performed better than a model with Braden Scale score alone (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: A model that identified risk factors for hospital-acquired pressure injury among adult critical care patients was developed and validated using a large data set of clinical variables. This model may aid in selecting high-risk patients for focused interventions to prevent formation of hospital-acquired pressure injuries.

Predictors of index admission mortality and morbidity in contemporary esophageal atresia patients.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: The Spitz classification for esophageal atresia with/without tracheoesophageal fistula (EA/TEF) predicts mortality. This study evaluates the contemporary relevance of the Spitz classification and investigates predictors of morbidity. METHODS: EA/TEF patients born between 1995 and 2018 at two centers were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical variables including sex, prenatal diagnosis, birth weight, prematurity, major congenital heart disease (MCHD), and pre-operative mechanical ventilation (POMV) were collected. Index admission composite morbidity was considered positive if: length-of-stay >90th percentile (139 days), ventilation days >90th percentile (24 days), and/or gastrostomy was used for long-term feeding. Multivariable regression determined predictors of index admission mortality and composite morbidity. A composite morbidity predictive algorithm was created. ROC curves evaluated model discrimination. RESULTS: Of 253 patients, 13 (5.1%) experienced index admission mortality. Of the patients not suffering mortality, 74 (31.6%) experienced composite morbidity. Only MCHD predicted mortality (p = 0.001); birth weight did not (p = 0.173). There was no difference between the Spitz classification and MCHD alone in predicting mortality risk (p = 0.198); both demonstrated very good discrimination. Prenatal diagnosis, POMV, prematurity, and male sex predicted composite morbidity risk (p < 0.001; p = 0.008; p = 0.009; p = 0.05). An algorithm incorporating these predictors demonstrated good discrimination (AUC = 0.784; 95% CI: 0.724, 0.844). CONCLUSIONS: The Spitz classification maintains contemporary relevance for mortality risk, though birth weight can be de-emphasized. A new morbidity risk algorithm is proposed for early postnatal counseling. TYPE OF STUDY: Prognosis study. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV.