Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 14 de 14
Filtrar
1.
Poult Sci ; 103(9): 104044, 2024 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39043025

RESUMEN

Protected biofactors and antioxidants (PBA), and protected biofactors and antioxidants with protected organic acids and essential oils (PBA+POAEO) have been shown to have benefits in stressed or challenged birds. Here, we describe the immunometabolic changes observed in the liver of Ross 308 broilers during feed supplementation and brief physiological stress. These studied additives contain protected essential oils, organic acids, and vitamins which may have protective effects on the liver. Thus, we aimed to determine the signaling changes induced by these supplements and the resultant immunometabolic effects in the liver. All birds received a 2X dose of live bronchitis vaccine at d 0 and a 48-h cold challenge by reducing the temperature from 30 to 32°C, to 20 to 23°C on d 3 to 5. Control birds were fed a standard diet without supplementation. Liver samples were collected to evaluate the effects of these treatments on cytokine gene expression and protein phosphorylation via kinome peptide array. ANOVA was used for statistical analysis of the gene expression data (significance at a p-value of 0.05), and PIIKA2 was used for statistical evaluation and comparative analysis of the kinome peptide array data. At d 15, the kinome peptide array analysis and gene expression data showed stimulation of the interleukin 6 receptor (IL-6R) signal transduction for host protection via heightened immune response while inducing immune modulation and reducing inflammation in both supplement treated groups. Significant changes were observed via IL-6R signaling in the metabolic profiles of both groups compared to control and no significant differences when compared to each other. In the liver, these 2 feed additives induced immunometabolic changes predominantly via the IL-6 receptor family signaling cascade. Differences between the 2 treated groups were predominantly in the metabolic pathways, centered around the mTOR pathway and the proteins AMPK, mTOR and S6K, with a more anabolic phenotype following the addition of essential oils.


Asunto(s)
Alimentación Animal , Antioxidantes , Pollos , Suplementos Dietéticos , Transducción de Señal , Animales , Masculino , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Proteínas Aviares/metabolismo , Proteínas Aviares/genética , Pollos/inmunología , Frío , Dieta/veterinaria , Suplementos Dietéticos/análisis , Hígado/metabolismo , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Aceites Volátiles/administración & dosificación , Aceites Volátiles/farmacología , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/prevención & control , Receptores de Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos
2.
Poult Sci ; 102(1): 102235, 2023 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36371911

RESUMEN

Novel feed ingredients may improve poultry health, but functionality of these ingredients may vary across basal diet formulations. This study evaluated a proprietary algae ingredient's effects on broiler performance, intestinal health, systemic immunity, and metabolic/immune kinotypes between corn- or wheat-based diets. Ross 308 broilers were housed in 80 floor pens (14 birds/pen) and assigned to 1 of 4 corn or wheat-based diets ± 0.175% algae ingredient for 42 d. At the end of each 14 d starter, grower, and finisher period, 10 birds/treatment were euthanized for tissue collection to assess intestinal histomorphology, systemic immune cell populations by flow cytometry and kinotypes by peptide arrays. On d 28 and 29, forty-three birds/treatment underwent a 12 h feed restriction challenge followed by a fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran intestinal permeability assay. For the entire 42 d study, wheat-based diets improved feed conversion rate (FCR) by 5 points compared to corn-based diets (P < 0.0001). Performance benefits related to algae inclusion were diet dependent, with algae inclusion improving 42 d FCR by 6 points only in corn-based diets (P = 0.006). Birds fed wheat-based diets had reduced splenic monocyte/macrophage, CD1.1+, and T cell populations in the first 14 d (P < 0.0001) and reduced serum fluorescence on d 28/29 (P = 0.0002). Algae inclusion in the corn-based diet increased villus height in the duodenum on d 28 and jejunum on d 42, while reducing splenic CD3+CD8α+ cytotoxic T cells 13.4 to 27.5% compared to the corn-based control at the same timepoints (P < 0.0001). Kinome results showed a significant innate immune toll-like receptor (TLR) response via MyD88 at d 14 in the small intestine of birds fed corn-based diets with algae that shifted to a more growth factor and adaptive immune-oriented response by d 42. Concurrent with immune changes, signaling changes indicative of lipid metabolism in the small intestine, ceca, and liver were seen in birds fed the corn-based diet with algae. The observed differential responses to basal diet composition and algae inclusion emphasize the need to comparatively evaluate feed ingredients in various diet formulations.


Asunto(s)
Pollos , Microalgas , Animales , Pollos/fisiología , Suplementos Dietéticos , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Nutricionales de los Animales , Dieta/veterinaria , Alimentación Animal/análisis
3.
Poult Sci ; 101(12): 102172, 2022 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36240637

RESUMEN

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and mechanism of action of 2 feed additives in reducing the impacts of virus and temperature stressors. We determined the effects of protected biofactors and antioxidants (P(BF+AOx)), and protected biofactors and antioxidants with protected organic acids and essential oils (P(BF+AOx)+P(OA+EO)) on the immune and metabolic health of Ross 308 broiler chickens. These biofactors and antioxidants were derived from vitamins, and Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae and Bacillus subtilis fermentation extracts. All Ross 308 chickens were exposed to a double-dose of live bronchitis vaccine at d 0 and environmentally challenged by reducing the temperature from 32°C to 20°C at d 3 for 48 h. Control birds were fed without feed additives in the diet. Performance data and jejunum samples were collected to evaluate the effects of these treatments on growth, cytokine expression, and protein phosphorylation via kinome peptide array. ANOVA was used for statistical analysis of the performance and gene expression data (p-value of 0.05), and PIIKA2 was used for statistical evaluation and comparison of the kinome peptide array data. The P(BF plus;AOx) and P(BF+AOx)+P(OA+EO) treatments significantly increased bird weight gain and decreased feed conversion. The kinome peptide array data analysis showed increased activity of cytoskeletal, cell growth and proliferation proteins, and metabolic signaling in the jejunum of P(BF+AOx)+P(OA+EO) treated chickens. There was a significant decrease in IL-6 gene expression in the jejunum of P(BF+AOx)+P(OA+EO) samples compared to control at d 15. P(BF+AOx)+P(OA+EO) treatments in the jejunum showed strong immunomodulatory effects, perhaps to control inflammation. P(BF+AOx)+P(OA+EO) improves gut health via growth and metabolic signaling in the jejunum while inducing stronger immunomodulation.


Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes , Pollos , Animales , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Yeyuno , Dieta/veterinaria , Aumento de Peso , Suplementos Dietéticos
4.
Poult Sci ; 100(7): 101176, 2021 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34102483

RESUMEN

We evaluated the supplementation of a protected complex of biofactors and antioxidants [P(BF+AOx)] on growth performance, antioxidant activity, expression of immune-related genes, and immunometabolic phenotype of broilers submitted to early life stressors. The treatments were a nutritionally complete basal diet supplemented or not with P(BF+AOx) (Jefo Nutrition Inc., Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada) from 1 to 14 d of age. 720 one-day old male Ross 308 chickens were placed into pens of 30 birds (12 replicates/treatment). Birds were double-vaccinated against infectious bronchitis (IB; MILDVAC-Ma5T) at the hatchery and submitted, on d 3, to an acute reduction on environmental temperature (from 32° C to 20°C) for 48 h. Feed intake (FI), body weight gain (BWG), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were calculated weekly. On d 7 and 15, samples were collected for expression of immune-related genes and kinome array analysis, and serum to evaluate the antioxidant status. Data were analyzed by ANOVA using SAS (SAS 9.4). From d 1 to 21 and d 1 to 28, the dietary supplementation of P(BF+AOx) significantly increased BWG (P < 0.05) by 3.6 and 3.8%, respectively, and improved FCR (P < 0.05) by 1.2 and 1.8%, respectively. From d 1 to 35, dietary supplementation enhanced BWG (P = 0.03) by 4%. Serum glutathione reductase activity on d 15 was higher in birds fed diets supplemented with P(BF+AOx) compared to the control diet-fed birds (P = 0.04). Dietary supplementation reduced the expression of IL-1ß (P = 0.03) in the lungs on d 7. On d 15, dietary supplementation increased the expression of IL-6 (P = 0.02) and IL-10 (P = 0.03) in the liver. It was observed that, via decreased phosphorylation, catalase was activated in the jejunum and liver, and the phosphorylation of immunoregulatory or proinflammatory proteins was decreased. Other important cellular signaling pathways were also changed in the liver and jejunum due to the supplementation. The supplementation of P(BF+AOx) improves growth performance by promoting a general anti-inflammatory and antioxidant response in chickens undergoing early life stress.


Asunto(s)
Pollos , Estrés Fisiológico , Animales , Masculino , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Nutricionales de los Animales , Antioxidantes , Canadá , Pollos/crecimiento & desarrollo , Dieta , Suplementos Dietéticos , Fenotipo
5.
Nat Commun ; 12(1): 922, 2021 02 10.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33568657

RESUMEN

Giant exoplanets on wide orbits have been directly imaged around young stars. If the thermal background in the mid-infrared can be mitigated, then exoplanets with lower masses can also be imaged. Here we present a ground-based mid-infrared observing approach that enables imaging low-mass temperate exoplanets around nearby stars, and in particular within the closest stellar system, α Centauri. Based on 75-80% of the best quality images from 100 h of cumulative observations, we demonstrate sensitivity to warm sub-Neptune-sized planets throughout much of the habitable zone of α Centauri A. This is an order of magnitude more sensitive than state-of-the-art exoplanet imaging mass detection limits. We also discuss a possible exoplanet or exozodiacal disk detection around α Centauri A. However, an instrumental artifact of unknown origin cannot be ruled out. These results demonstrate the feasibility of imaging rocky habitable-zone exoplanets with current and upcoming telescopes.

6.
Poult Sci ; 96(12): 4307-4316, 2017 Dec 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29053819

RESUMEN

ß-galactomannans found in soy-based broiler feed are known to cause physiological effects that are hypothesized to be related to gut inflammation. Previous studies have shown that the incorporation of ß-mannanase in the diet or as a supplement results in improvements to certain performance parameters related to gut health and feed conversion. Using kinome analysis, we characterized the mechanism of ß-galactomannan activity and supplementation with ß-mannanase on the gut of commercial broilers to understand the mode of action. Two doses of ß-mannanase (200 and 400 g/ton of feed) with and without inclusion of additional ß-galactomannan (3,000 ppm) were tested at 3 time points (d 14, d 28, and d 42 post hatch). Broilers were fed starter (d 0 to 14), grower (d 15 to 28), and finisher diets (d 29 to 42). Jejuna were collected from birds from each treatment condition and time point. Cluster analysis of the kinome data showed that birds clustered first by age, then predominantly by whether ß-mannanase had been included in the diet. Biological pathway analysis showed that the inclusion of additional ß-galactomannan into the diet resulted in increased signaling related to immune response, relative to our normal control diet (with reduced soybean meal). The addition of ß-mannanase to the enhanced ß-galactomannan diet eliminated the majority of this immune-related signaling, indicating that the feed-induced immune response within the jejuna had been eliminated by the addition of ß-mannanase. We also saw changes in specific metabolic and gut function pathways in birds fed ß-mannanase. These observed changes in ß-mannanase-fed birds are likely the mechanism for the enhanced performance and feed conversion observed in birds given ß-mannanase in their diets.


Asunto(s)
Aminoácidos/metabolismo , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Pollos/fisiología , Digestión/efectos de los fármacos , beta-Manosidasa/metabolismo , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Nutricionales de los Animales/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Pollos/inmunología , Dieta/veterinaria , Suplementos Dietéticos/análisis , Galactosa/análogos & derivados , Masculino , Mananos/administración & dosificación , Mananos/metabolismo , Distribución Aleatoria , beta-Manosidasa/administración & dosificación
7.
J Anim Sci ; 94(8): 3240-3254, 2016 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27695781

RESUMEN

Stresses imposed on livestock have significant impact on their health and productivity as well as public perceptions of animal welfare. Understanding stress responses in livestock may help refine management procedures and facilitate selection of stress-tolerant animals. In this study, behavioral (chute entry order, chute behavior, and exit velocity), physiological (serum cortisol), and biochemical (kinome) responses were evaluated in cattle ( = 20) subjected to three 5-min restraint periods with weekly intervals. Correlations among stress responses were assessed across all animals as well as for subgroups ( = 4) representing animals consistently displaying a high and low extreme of serum cortisol responses. Across all animals, entry order ( = 0.006) and exit velocity ( = 0.023) were positively correlated with serum cortisol; however, these correlations were not consistently reproducible for the high and low serum cortisol responders. Kinome profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells revealed distinct signaling events between the high and low cortisol responders. In particular, kinome profiling revealed significant differences in carbohydrate metabolism and apoptosis that were independently validated. Furthermore, changes in serum glucose levels provided a reliable, inexpensive indicator of serum cortisol levels and often had greater predictive value than cortisol for stress-related behavioral responses. Serum cortisol levels displayed a pattern consistent with sensitization, whereas no habituation or sensitization was observed for serum glucose levels or behavioral responses. Collectively, this investigation provides insight into correlations among physiological, behavioral, and biochemical responses of cattle subjected to a brief restraint that may provide biomarkers for selection of stress-tolerant animals.


Asunto(s)
Conducta Animal/fisiología , Bovinos/fisiología , Hidrocortisona/sangre , Restricción Física/efectos adversos , Estrés Fisiológico , Bienestar del Animal , Animales , Glucemia/análisis , Femenino , Leucocitos Mononucleares
9.
Sante Ment Que ; 22(2): 115-36, 1997.
Artículo en Francés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9534580

RESUMEN

Within the context of the general reorganization of health care and social services in Québec, the present study aims at describing physical and mental characteristics of persons with mental health problems and who are mentally retarded still hospitalized in a psychiatric hospital. In the first study, 146 mentally retarded persons of which 74 formed the community group and 72 the institutionalized group. The results indicate that 84% of the mentally retarded persons still hospitalized manifested sufficiently important needs on the three measured variables (health, deficits and behaviors) to justify intensive care in a structured environment. The Behavior variable is more important in deciding the integration of these people in the community. As most of these persons have a higher level of disabilities and more behavior manifestations, the support required for these people in the community and persons delivering services will have to be more structured and intensive in nature. In the second study, 928 psychiatric patients still hospitalized were studied on the variables, age, sex, diagnostics and the global scores (physical and mental) of the level of care survey and functional autonomy. The results show that the proportion of women in the age group 35 and older were progressively increasing in relation to the men. The primary diagnostic reported more frequently was schizophrenia in 70% of cases. In the evaluation of physical care of the people still hospitalized, age becomes an important factor. Generally speaking, the population within the institution is aging and women are progressively growing in number. As these people expressed more physical ailments and a decline in basic autonomy, more structured and specialized care and support will be required to respond to their needs.


Asunto(s)
Hospitales Psiquiátricos , Pacientes Internos/estadística & datos numéricos , Discapacidad Intelectual/epidemiología , Trastornos Mentales/epidemiología , Distribución por Edad , Anciano , Femenino , Reforma de la Atención de Salud , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Quebec/epidemiología , Distribución por Sexo
11.
Appl Opt ; 16(7): 1890-2, 1977 Jul 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20168828

RESUMEN

A simple and direct method for the fabrication of metal-dielectric Fabry-Perot interference filters is proposed. This phase-correction method does not require any complex calculations, and the monitoring is done directly on the system in formation. Experimental filters have been realized and are compared with the theory.

12.
Appl Opt ; 17(5): 736-9, 1978 Mar 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20197865

RESUMEN

Thin film photosystems based on copper doped lead iodide are presented. A photodecomposable Fabry-Perot type interference filter is described and also a cerment system in which copper and lead iodide are evaporated simultaneously. These systems do not require any development, and additional information can be added subsequent to the first exposure. The proposed systems are generalizable to several metals and dielectrics.

13.
Opt Lett ; 12(12): 1047-9, 1987 Dec 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19741957

RESUMEN

A novel nondestructive propagation-loss measurement technique for single-mode waveguides is demonstrated. The method calculates the total propagation-loss coefficient from the measured ratio of the retroreflected and transmitted light from the waveguide and is independent of the coupling efficiency of the input light. A surface-wave transducer is utilized as an acousto-optic modulator in a lock-in scheme to enhance the measurement ease and precision.

SELECCIÓN DE REFERENCIAS
DETALLE DE LA BÚSQUEDA