Comparative Evaluation of Ridge Width for Implant Placement Using Ridge Mapping on the Diagnostic Cast, Cone-beam Computed Tomography, and Direct Surgical Measurements.

AIM: This study was undertaken with an objective to find out the accuracy and reliability of presurgical ridge mapping (RM) on a diagnostic cast for linear measurements in the horizontal direction on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and direct surgical assessment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In total, 25 patients based on inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected. An acrylic stent with two points marked at 3 mm and 6 mm from the soft tissue summit of the alveolar ridge was fabricated. Linear measurements at these points were estimated with three techniques viz. RM on the diagnostic cast, CBCT, and direct surgical in situ measurements after flap reflection. RESULTS: Considering direct in situ surgical measurements as the gold standard with an accuracy of 100%, the accuracy for CBCT and RM on the diagnostic cast was 95.5% and 87.4%, respectively, for the maxillary arch. Whereas the accuracy for CBCT and RM on the diagnostic cast was 88.6% and 92.2%, respectively, for mandibular arch. CONCLUSION: The three approaches discussed are reliable for the assessment of ridge dimensions in the horizontal direction. Ridge mapping on the diagnostic cast is a simple, precise, noninvasive technique without any radiographic exposure. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Ridge mapping on a diagnostic cast along with two-dimensional (2D) radiography can be used as a valuable chairside diagnostic tool in the treatment planning prior to dental implant placement in the cases of a regular alveolar ridge and even mucosal lining. This clinical technique provides zero radiation exposure and is also cost-effective.

Association of Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus With Periodontitis: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background The relationship between obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is inevitable. The increase in the occurrence of obesity all around the globe has proportionally increased the occurrence of comorbidities. Periodontitis is a multifactorial inflammation of the periodontium attributed to dysbiosis in the subgingival microflora which may ultimately result in tooth loss. A triad between T2DM, periodontitis, and obesity is ascertained. Aim The present study focuses on investigating the association of obesity and T2DM with periodontal health. Methodology This cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of six months (September 2022 to February 2023) on 181 subjects, as per the sample size calculated by the statistician, who were previously diagnosed with T2DM and were either obese or overweight. The glycemic control was assessed on the basis of HbA1c values of the subjects. The subjects underwent bioelectrical impedance analysis along with an anthropometric examination. Full mouth examination including bleeding on probing, pocket probing depth, clinical attachment level (CAL), and oral hygiene index-simplified (OHI-S) was also checked to assess the status of periodontal health, and periodontitis was classified according to the new classification of 2017. Results The obtained data was statistically analyzed and p-value≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. The maximum prevalence of Stage III Grade C Periodontitis (34.73%) was observed in the diabetic obese group than in the diabetic overweight group. The overall anthropometric variable, abdominal circumference, waist-hip ratio, and basal metabolic index (BMI) were higher in the obese group as they displayed poor glycemic control. BMI and CAL also showed a positive correlation. Conclusion A significant association between obesity and T2DM with periodontitis was confirmed by this study. Hence, a syndemic approach needs to be formulated by the medical fraternity in collaboration with dental surgeons for the effective management of this triad.

Comparative Evaluation of Herbal Versus Non-herbal Dentifrice in Maintaining Oral Health of Young Adults.

BACKGROUND: Dental plaque may be attributed as a precursor to various oral health problems like dental caries, periodontal disease, halitosis, etc. With an ever-increasing awareness about the adverse effects of chemical formulations, emphasis is now being laid on the usage of herbal ingredients, as they are safer for long-term use in addition to their medicinal benefits. AIM: The present study aims to assess the anti-plaque and anti-inflammatory efficacy of herbal toothpaste compared to synthetic toothpaste among 20-40-year-old patients in Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh. METHODOLOGY: In this study, 130 subjects aged between 20 and 40 years with poor oral hygiene status and signs of gingival inflammation corresponding with chronic marginal gingivitis were selected. Subjects in Group 1 were prescribed herbal toothpaste (KUDOS Ayurveda), whereas patients in Group 2 were administered non-herbal toothpaste. Clinical parameters of gingival health specifically gingival index (GI), patient hygiene performance (PHP), and approximate plaque index (API) were recorded at baseline, 14 days, 28 days, and 42 days. Chi-square test, student-independent t-test, and paired t-test were performed to find significant differences in various variables between the two groups at different follow-up visits. RESULTS: At the end of the study, a significant reduction in GI and API scores was obtained, along with increased PHP scores. The p-value was set at 0.05, and the power of the study was set at 0.95. There was a statistically significant reduction (p < 0.05) in GI and API and an improvement in PHP scores at various time intervals in Group 1 as compared to Group 2.  Conclusion: Regular application of herbal extract dentifrices for 42 days provided a significant reduction of dental plaque and improvement in overall gingival health without any adverse effects. This instilled motivation in the patients to uphold proper oral hygiene. Hence, herbal dentifrices could be prescribed as an adjunct to periodontal therapy in the maintenance phase.