Determinants of virologic failure among adult HIV patients on first line antiretroviral treatment in Oromia, Central Ethiopia: 2022 a case-control study.

BACKGROUND: Ethiopia's viral suppression rate was less than 90% by 2020, and more than 10% of adult clients on ART in Woliso Town were unsuppressed at the end of March 2022. This study aims to identify determinants of virologic failure among adult clients on ART at health facilities in Oromia region of Ethiopia. METHODS: A facility-based unmatched case-control study was conducted at health facilities in Oromia region from August 1 to September 1, 2022. The study cases were clients with virologic-confirmed first-line ART failure, while controls were clients on first-line ART with a suppressed viral load. A total of 135 cases and 268 control participants were selected using simple random sampling techniques, and data were collected by reviewing the client's document. Epi-Info7 was used for data entry and SPSS version 20 for data analysis. Variables having a P-value of less than 0.25 in the bi-variable analysis were included in multivariable logistic regression. Determinants of virologic failure were determined based on an adjusted odds ratio using 95% CI and a P-value of < 0.05. RESULT: In this study, clients with an age ≥ 35 years (AOR = 3.4, 95% CI: 1.6, 7.0), clients with a baseline regimen of AZT + 3TC + NVP (AOR = 3.5, 95% CI: 1.4, 8.8), clients with a base-line CD4 count < 350 mm3 (AOR = 2.3, 95% CI: 1.1, 4.5), being single marital status (AOR = 3.7, 95% CI: 1.4, 10.5), TB-HIV coinfection (AOR = 2.58, 95% CI: 1.3, 5.1), and having opportunistic infection other than TB in the last six months (AOR = 3.06, 95% CI: 1.5, 6.3) were factors significantly associated with virologic failure while clients within the appointment spacing model (AOR = 0.05, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.10) is inversely associated with virologic failure. CONCLUSION: This study showed that age ≥ 35 years, being single, baseline ART regimen with (AZT + 3TC + NVP), baseline CD4 cell count < 350 mm3, Tb-co infection, and opportunistic infection in the last 6 months were factors associated with virologic failure. Involvement in the appointment spacing model was found to be protective.

Hepatitis B Vaccination Status and Associated Factors Among Healthcare Professionals Working in Health Centers at Akaki Kality Subcity of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

BACKGROUND: People at high risk for hepatitis B virus include healthcare workers in contact with blood and human secretions. Hepatitis B virus is unique compared to other sexually transmitted infections because a highly efficacious vaccine exists. However, there have been few studies conducted around the vaccination status of hospital healthcare workers in Ethiopia. Little is known about vaccination penetration among healthcare professionals working in health centers in Ethiopia. OBJECTIVE: To assess hepatitis B vaccination status and associated factors among healthcare professionals working in health centers of Akaki Kality, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. METHODS: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted. Using simple random sampling, 528 healthcare workers were selected. Data were collected using a pre-tested, structured self-administered questionnaire. Data were entered into Epi-data and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify the significant associations. Adjusted odds ratios were computed to measure the strength of association, with statistical significance considered at p< 0.05. RESULTS: Among 505 respondents, only 244 (48%) had ever received a hepatitis B vaccine. Monthly income, religion, age, working unit and educational level were found to be statistically associated with vaccinated status. CONCLUSION: This study showed that the percentage of healthcare professionals who had received a hepatitis B vaccination was very low. This is a serious public health concern and a challenge for a country with high prevalence of hepatitis B infection. There is a need to promote hepatitis B screening and vaccination among healthcare professionals. The government must play its part by increasing healthcare budgets and prioritize hepatitis B prevention by establishing a national awareness campaign, and making screening and vaccination services available at all public health centers.

Level and factors associated with birth preparedness and complication readiness among semi-pastoral pregnant women in southern Ethiopia, 2016.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the level of birth preparedness and complication readiness (BPCR) and associated factors among semi-pastoral pregnant women in southern, Ethiopia. RESULT: This dataset contains the full data collected from 746 pregnant women. Birth preparedness and complication readiness among women in southern Ethiopia was 27.1%. The main predictors for BRCP were attending formal education (AOR = 4.65, 95% CI 2.45-8.63), husband occupation [merchant (AOR = 3.83, 95% CI 1.52-9.64)], spouse attending formal education (AOR = 3.35, 95% CI (1.83-6.14), ANC visits > 4 times (AOR = 17.78, 95% CI 7.11-44.47). In addition, knowledge of women at least two danger signs during pregnancy, delivery and after delivery (AOR = 3.32, 95% CI 1.64-6.69), (AOR = 3.13, 95% CI 1.58-6.20) and (AOR = 3.75, 95% CI 1.93-7.28) respectively were significantly associated with BPCR. In conclusion, the proportion of BPCR among women in southern Ethiopia was found to be low.