RESUMEN
All living things experience an increase in entropy, manifested as a loss of genetic and epigenetic information. In yeast, epigenetic information is lost over time due to the relocalization of chromatin-modifying proteins to DNA breaks, causing cells to lose their identity, a hallmark of yeast aging. Using a system called "ICE" (inducible changes to the epigenome), we find that the act of faithful DNA repair advances aging at physiological, cognitive, and molecular levels, including erosion of the epigenetic landscape, cellular exdifferentiation, senescence, and advancement of the DNA methylation clock, which can be reversed by OSK-mediated rejuvenation. These data are consistent with the information theory of aging, which states that a loss of epigenetic information is a reversible cause of aging.
Asunto(s)
Envejecimiento , Epigénesis Genética , Animales , Envejecimiento/genética , Metilación de ADN , Epigenoma , Mamíferos/genética , Nucleoproteínas , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genéticaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is a common clinical condition seen among children and adolescents in behavioral health settings. In this article, we review behavioral treatment programs and their clinical use in managing ODD. METHODS: We searched PubMed, PsycInfo, and Scopus from 2000 to 2020 using the terms "oppositional defiant disorder" and "treatment." We found 1,665 articles, including clinical trials, review articles, and case control studies of evidence-based ODD treatments in patients age <18. Articles were screened to identify literature focusing on evidence-based behavioral treatment programs for ODD. RESULTS: The literature search revealed abundant evidence supporting the role of behavioral treatment programs for managing ODD and other disruptive behavior disorders. In this review, we discuss the most recent findings on established and effective strategies, including Parent Management Training, Parent-Child Interaction Therapy, Collaborative Problem Solving, Incredible Years program, Triple-P Positive Parenting Program, Start Now and Plan program, and Coping Power Program. CONCLUSIONS: ODD can cause significant distress to patients and their caregivers. Familiarity with behavioral treatment programs provides clinicians with tools for managing this condition in clinical settings.