Preoperative anxiety management for elderly patients undergoing cataract surgery: An integrative review.

BACKGROUND: Preoperative anxiety in elderly cataract surgery patients presents challenges, demanding effective non-pharmacological interventions to ensure patient safety. METHOD: A comprehensive review was conducted on PubMed, CINAHL, and Embase from 2013 to 2023. Twelve experimental studies were analyzed. Interventions such as music therapy, education videos, hand massages, and non-fasting protocols were evaluated, with anxiety measured using various scales and physiological indicators. RESULT: Overall, the findings highlight the efficacy of these interventions in managing preoperative anxiety among elderly cataract surgery patients. Seven studies measured physiological indicators such as blood pressure or heart rate alongside anxiety scales, with four studies showing significant reductions of those indicators alongside anxiety reduction. CONCLUSION: These non-pharmacological interventions offer an effective alternative to pharmacological approaches, enhancing patient safety and potentially reducing healthcare costs related to polypharmacy. The international scope of the studies suggests broad applicability across diverse cultural contexts, advocating for their inclusion in hospital protocols.

Reporting guidelines for evidence-based practice projects: A Delphi study and publication checklist.

BACKGROUND: Evidence-based practice (EBP) is the cornerstone of sound patient care. Despite the known importance of disseminating EBP, of the 600 reporting guidelines registered with the EQUATOR network, none exist on reporting an EBP project. This lack of guidance leads to publications that lack rigor and discourages more novice writers who may not know where to begin. AIMS: The purpose of this study was to establish Reporting Guidelines for EBP projects by achieving consensus among subject matter experts (SMEs) regarding the required components for a high-quality report. METHODS: This study followed a modified Delphi technique. The first round solicited free-text responses regarding reporting sections and sub-sections. The team analyzed these results and incorporated information from the literature to generate items for the second round. In the second and third rounds, participants ranked each section on a Likert scale of 1-4 (not relevant to extremely relevant) and provided free-text revision suggestions. Items that reached a 70% consensus moved from one round to the next. RESULTS: SMEs reached consensus on 6 sections and 30 sub-sections. Sections address the process for determining best practice recommendations as well as implementation into practice. Headers include (1) "Introduction," (2) "EBP Design," (3) "Methods to Generate Recommendations," (4) "Evidence Findings," (5) "Implementation," and (6) "Conclusion." All items are unaffiliated with specific EBP models, hierarchies, or question formats. LINKING EVIDENCE TO ACTION: The Reporting Guidelines for EBP Projects is a checklist of items with associated descriptors that should be addressed in articles reporting an EBP project. The intention is to provide a roadmap of the items required to publish EBP efforts. It is meant to create a set of expectation for journal editors to provide concrete guidance for authors and elevate the quality and quantity of EBP projects in the literature.

Improving Competence and Confidence With Evidence-Based Practice Among Nurses: Outcomes of a Quality Improvement Project.

Evidence-based practice (EBP) is an integral part of quality patient care, reduction in practice variation, and increased nursing autonomy. Yet, EBP is not a consistent standard in many organizations. Although many barriers to EBP have been cited, this project focused on poor knowledge of the EBP process and a lack of available EBP mentors or experts. A bundled set of educational interventions to improve the EBP confidence and self-efficacy of nurses was developed and implemented. Comparison of pre/post data showed improvement in all categories and questions. Committee members expressed greater confidence with the process and comfort level with leading EBP projects following the intervention. The educational bundle used in this project can serve as a model for others looking to develop competent EBP mentors within their organization.

Role of multidetector computed tomography in the diagnosis and management of patients attending the rapid access chest pain clinic, The Scottish computed tomography of the heart (SCOT-HEART) trial: study protocol for randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Rapid access chest pain clinics have facilitated the early diagnosis and treatment of patients with coronary heart disease and angina. Despite this important service provision, coronary heart disease continues to be under-diagnosed and many patients are left untreated and at risk. Recent advances in imaging technology have now led to the widespread use of noninvasive computed tomography, which can be used to measure coronary artery calcium scores and perform coronary angiography in one examination. However, this technology has not been robustly evaluated in its application to the clinic. METHODS/DESIGN: The SCOT-HEART study is an open parallel group prospective multicentre randomized controlled trial of 4,138 patients attending the rapid access chest pain clinic for evaluation of suspected cardiac chest pain. Following clinical consultation, participants will be approached and randomized 1:1 to receive standard care or standard care plus ≥64-multidetector computed tomography coronary angiography and coronary calcium score. Randomization will be conducted using a web-based system to ensure allocation concealment and will incorporate minimization. The primary endpoint of the study will be the proportion of patients diagnosed with angina pectoris secondary to coronary heart disease at 6 weeks. Secondary endpoints will include the assessment of subsequent symptoms, diagnosis, investigation and treatment. In addition, long-term health outcomes, safety endpoints, such as radiation dose, and health economic endpoints will be assessed. Assuming a clinic rate of 27.0% for the diagnosis of angina pectoris due to coronary heart disease, we will need to recruit 2,069 patients per group to detect an absolute increase of 4.0% in the rate of diagnosis at 80% power and a two-sided P value of 0.05. The SCOT-HEART study is currently recruiting participants and expects to report in 2014. DISCUSSION: This is the first study to look at the implementation of computed tomography in the patient care pathway that is outcome focused. This study will have major implications for the management of patients with cardiovascular disease. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01149590.

Prospective observational cohort study of time saved by prehospital thrombolysis for ST elevation myocardial infarction delivered by paramedics.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate a system of prehospital thrombolysis, delivered by paramedics, in meeting the national service framework's targets for the management of acute myocardial infarction. DESIGN: Prospective observational cohort study comparing patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction considered for thrombolysis in the prehospital environment with patients treated in hospital. SETTING: The catchment area of a large teaching hospital, including urban and rural areas. PARTICIPANTS: 201 patients presenting concurrently over a 12 month period who had changes to the electrocardiogram that were diagnostic of acute myocardial infarction or who received thrombolysis for suspected acute myocardial infarction. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Time from first medical contact to initiation of thrombolysis (call to needle time), number of patients given thrombolysis appropriately, and all cause mortality in hospital. RESULTS: The median call to needle time for patients treated before arriving in hospital (n=28) was 52 (95% confidence interval 41 to 62) minutes. Patients from similar rural areas who were treated in hospital (n=43) had a median time of 125 (104 to 140) minutes. This represents a median time saved of 73 minutes (P < 0.001). Sixty minutes after medical contact 64% of patients (18/28) treated before arrival in hospital had received thrombolysis; this compares with 4% of patients (2/43) in a cohort from similar areas. Median call to needle time for patients from urban areas (n=107) was 80 (78 to 93) minutes. Myocardial infarction was confirmed in 89% of patients (25/28) who had received prehospital thrombolysis; this compares with 92% (138/150) in the two groups of patients receiving thrombolysis in hospital. CONCLUSIONS: Thrombolysis delivered by paramedics with support from the base hospital can meet the national targets for early thrombolysis. The system has been shown to work well and can be introduced without delay.