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1.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med ; 207(5): 553-565, 2023 03 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36170617

RESUMEN

Rationale: Tissue-resident natural killer (trNK) cells have been identified in numerous organs, but little is known about their functional contribution to respiratory immunity, in particular during chronic lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Objectives: To investigate the phenotype and antiviral responses of trNK cells in murine cigarette smoke-induced experimental COPD and in human lung parenchyma from COPD donors. Methods: Mice were exposed to cigarette smoke for 12 weeks to induce COPD-like lung disease. Lung trNK cell phenotypes and function were analyzed by flow cytometry in both murine and human disease with and without challenge with influenza A virus. Measurements and Main Results: In the mouse lung, CD49a+CD49b+EOMES+ and CD49a+CD49b-EOMESlo NK cell populations had a distinct phenotype compared with CD49a- circulating NK cells. CD49a+ NK cells were more extensively altered earlier in disease onset than circulating NK cells, and increased proportions of CD49a+ NK cells correlated with worsening disease in both murine and human COPD. Furthermore, the presence of lung disease delayed both circulating and trNK cell functional responses to influenza infection. CD49a+ NK cells markedly increased their NKG2D, CD103, and CD69 expression in experimental COPD after influenza infection, and human CD49a+ NK cells were hyperactive to ex vivo influenza infection in COPD donors. Conclusions: Collectively, these results demonstrate that trNK cell function is altered in cigarette smoke-induced disease and suggests that smoke exposure may aberrantly prime trNK cell responsiveness to viral infection. This may contribute to excess inflammation during viral exacerbations of COPD.


Asunto(s)
Gripe Humana , Enfermedades Pulmonares , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica , Humanos , Ratones , Animales , Integrina alfa1/metabolismo , Gripe Humana/metabolismo , Integrina alfa2/metabolismo , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/genética , Células Asesinas Naturales , Pulmón/metabolismo , Enfermedades Pulmonares/metabolismo , Antivirales
2.
Eur Respir J ; 56(3)2020 09.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32499335

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Occupational asthma, induced by workplace exposures to low molecular weight agents such as toluene 2,4-diisocyanate (TDI), causes a significant burden to patients and society. Little is known about innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in TDI-induced asthma. A critical regulator of ILC function is microRNA-155, a microRNA associated with asthma. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether TDI exposure modifies the number of ILCs in the lung and whether microRNA-155 contributes to TDI-induced airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness. METHODS: C57BL/6 wild-type and microRNA-155 knockout mice were sensitised and challenged with TDI or vehicle. Intracellular cytokine expression in ILCs and T-cells was evaluated in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid using flow cytometry. Peribronchial eosinophilia and goblet cells were evaluated on lung tissue, and airway hyperresponsiveness was measured using the forced oscillation technique. Putative type 2 ILCs (ILC2) were identified in bronchial biopsies of subjects with TDI-induced occupational asthma using immunohistochemistry. Human bronchial epithelial cells were exposed to TDI or vehicle. RESULTS: TDI-exposed mice had higher numbers of airway goblet cells, BAL eosinophils, CD4+ T-cells and ILCs, with a predominant type 2 response, and tended to have airway hyperresponsiveness. In TDI-exposed microRNA-155 knockout mice, inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness were attenuated. TDI exposure induced IL-33 expression in human bronchial epithelial cells and in murine lungs, which was microRNA-155 dependent in mice. GATA3+CD3- cells, presumably ILC2, were present in bronchial biopsies. CONCLUSION: TDI exposure is associated with increased numbers of ILCs. The proinflammatory microRNA-155 is crucial in a murine model of TDI asthma, suggesting its involvement in the pathogenesis of occupational asthma due to low molecular weight agents.


Asunto(s)
MicroARNs , 2,4-Diisocianato de Tolueno , Animales , Líquido del Lavado Bronquioalveolar , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Humanos , Inmunidad Innata , Linfocitos , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , 2,4-Diisocianato de Tolueno/toxicidad
3.
Clin Exp Allergy ; 48(12): 1665-1675, 2018 12.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30159930

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Clinical and experimental studies have identified a crucial role for IL-33 and its receptor ST2 in allergic asthma. Inhalation of traffic-related pollutants, such as diesel exhaust particles (DEP), facilitates the development of asthma and can cause exacerbations of asthma. However, it is unknown whether IL-33/ST2 signalling contributes to the enhancing effects of air pollutants on allergic airway responses. OBJECTIVE: We aim to investigate the functional role of IL-33/ST2 signalling in DEP-enhanced allergic airway responses, using an established murine model. METHODS: C57BL/6J mice were exposed to saline, DEP alone, house dust mite (HDM) alone or combined DEP+HDM. To inhibit IL-33 signalling, recombinant soluble ST2 (r-sST2) was given prophylactically (ie, during the whole experimental protocol) or therapeutically (ie, at the end of the experimental protocol). Airway hyperresponsiveness and the airway inflammatory responses were assessed in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung. RESULTS: Combined exposure to DEP+HDM increased IL-33 and ST2 expression in lung, elevated inflammatory responses and bronchial hyperresponsiveness compared to saline, sole DEP or sole HDM exposure. Prophylactic interference with the IL-33/ST2 signalling pathway impaired the DEP-enhanced allergic airway inflammation in the BALF, whereas effects on lung inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness were minimal. Treatment with r-sST2 at the end of the experimental protocol did not modulate the DEP-enhanced allergic airway responses. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that the IL-33/ST2 pathway contributes to the onset of DEP-enhanced allergic airway inflammation.


Asunto(s)
Contaminantes Atmosféricos/efectos adversos , Interleucina-33/metabolismo , Hipersensibilidad Respiratoria/etiología , Hipersensibilidad Respiratoria/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal , Alérgenos/inmunología , Animales , Biomarcadores , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Femenino , Proteína 1 Similar al Receptor de Interleucina-1/metabolismo , Leucocitos/inmunología , Leucocitos/metabolismo , Linfocitos/inmunología , Linfocitos/metabolismo , Ratones , Material Particulado/efectos adversos , Pyroglyphidae/inmunología , Proteínas Recombinantes/farmacología , Hipersensibilidad Respiratoria/tratamiento farmacológico , Hipersensibilidad Respiratoria/patología , Mucosa Respiratoria/inmunología , Mucosa Respiratoria/metabolismo
4.
Chem Biodivers ; 14(7)2017 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28332760

RESUMEN

Eryngium campestre and E. amethystinum are thorny herbs belonging to the Apiaceae family and spontaneously growing in stony pastures and dry meadows, preferentially on calcareous substrates. In the Mediterranean countries, these plants have been used as a food or traditional remedies to treat various ailments. In the present work, we have analyzed the chemical composition of the essential oils distilled from the aerial parts by GC-FID and GC/MS, and evaluated their cytotoxic effects on a panel of human cancer cells, namely A375 (human malignant melanoma), MDA-MB 231 cells (human breast adenocarcinoma), and HCT116 cells (human colon carcinoma), by the MTT assay. Furthermore, the Eryngium essential oils were evaluated for antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities. The two essential oils were rich in sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, with germacrene D as the major compound, accompanied by allo-aromadendrene, ß-elemene, spathulenol, and ledol. They turned out to be highly cytotoxic on the tumor cells, with IC50 values (1.65 - 5.32 and 1.57 - 2.99 µg/ml for E. amethystinum and E. campestre, respectively) comparable or close to those of the anticancer drug cisplatin. The E. amethystinum essential oil exhibited a moderate antioxidant activity, whereas that of E. campestre a weak AChE inhibition.


Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/aislamiento & purificación , Eryngium/química , Aceites Volátiles/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Antioxidantes/aislamiento & purificación , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Inhibidores de la Colinesterasa/aislamiento & purificación , Inhibidores de la Colinesterasa/farmacología , Citotoxinas/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Italia , Componentes Aéreos de las Plantas/química , Sesquiterpenos
5.
Clin Transl Immunology ; 10(6): e1287, 2021.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34136217

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) secrete cytokines, such as IFN-γ, IL-13 and IL-17, which are linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Here, we investigated the role of pulmonary ILCs in COPD pathogenesis. METHODS: Lung ILC subsets in COPD and control subjects were quantified using flow cytometry and associated with clinical parameters. Tissue localisation of ILC and T-cell subsets was determined by immunohistochemistry. Mice were exposed to air or cigarette smoke (CS) for 1, 4 or 24 weeks to investigate whether pulmonary ILC numbers and activation are altered and whether they contribute to CS-induced innate inflammatory responses. RESULTS: Quantification of lung ILC subsets demonstrated that ILC1 frequency in the total ILC population was elevated in COPD and was associated with smoking and severity of respiratory symptoms (COPD Assessment Test [CAT] score). All three ILC subsets localised near lymphoid aggregates in COPD. In the COPD mouse model, CS exposure in C57BL/6J mice increased ILC numbers at all time points, with relative increases in ILC1 in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. Importantly, CS exposure induced increases in neutrophils, monocytes and dendritic cells that remained elevated in Rag2/Il2rg-deficient mice that lack adaptive immune cells and ILCs. However, CS-induced CXCL1, IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-γ levels were reduced by ILC deficiency. CONCLUSION: The ILC1 subset is increased in COPD patients and correlates with smoking and severity of respiratory symptoms. ILCs also increase upon CS exposure in C57BL/6J mice. In the absence of adaptive immunity, ILCs contribute to CS-induced pro-inflammatory mediator release, but are redundant in CS-induced innate inflammation.

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