[Latent pneumocystis infection revealed after introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy]. / Aggravation d'une pneumocystose latente après mise en route d'une trithérapie anti-VIH.

INTRODUCTION: Soon after the introduction of antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection, some patients may develop an inflammatory immune reconstitution syndrome, in the presence of clinically unsuspected infection. CASE REPORT: We describe a 31 year old patient, who presented with a lymphoid interstitial pneumonia associated with HIV infection. Unexpectedly, 15 days after the beginning of antiretroviral therapy, he developed a worsening of his respiratory function due to Pneumocystis infection. CONCLUSION: The appearance or aggravation of pulmonary symptoms, after highly active antiretroviral therapy has been initiated should lead to suspicion of an opportunist infection. Specific sampling must be considered.