RESUMEN
An internal collection of commercial and synthetically derived small molecule compounds was screened against several drug-resistant bacterial pathogens. Compound 1, a known N, N-disubstituted 2-aminobenzothiazole, was found to be a potent inhibitor of Staphylococcus aureus and several associated clinically relevant strains of methicillin-resistant S. aureus suggesting a possible novel mechanism of inhibition. It failed to show activity in any of the Gram-negative pathogens it was tested in. Evaluation in Escherichia coli BW25113 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, as well as in their respective hyperporinated and efflux pump-deletion mutants revealed that activity in Gram-negative bacteria is diminished because this benzothiazole scaffold is a substrate for bacterial efflux pumps. Several analogs of 1 were synthesized to generate basic structure-activity relationships for the scaffold which highlighted that the N-propyl imidazole moiety was critical for the observed antibacterial activity.
Asunto(s)
Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina , Staphylococcus aureus , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/química , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Bacterias , Escherichia coli , Proteínas BacterianasRESUMEN
Estrogen-related receptors (ERR) are an orphan nuclear receptor sub-family that play a critical role in regulating gene transcription for several physiological processes including mitochondrial function, cellular energy utilization and homeostasis. They have also been implicated to play a role in several pathological conditions. Herein, we report the identification, synthesis, structure-activity relationships and pharmacological evaluation of a new chemical series of potent pan-ERR agonists. This template was designed for ERRγ starting from the known acyl hydrazide template and compounds such as agonist GSK-4716 employing a structure-based drug design approach. This led to the preparation of a series of 2,5-disubstituted thiophenes from which several were found to be potent agonists of ERRγ in cell-based co-transfection assays. Additionally, direct binding to ERRγ was established through 1H NMR protein-ligand binding experiments. Compound optimization revealed that the phenolic or aniline groups could be replaced with a boronic acid moiety, which was able to maintain activity and demonstrated improved metabolic stability in microsomal in vitro assays. Further pharmacological evaluation of these compounds showed that they had roughly equivalent agonist activity on ERR isoforms α and ß representing an ERR pan-agonist profile. One potent agonist, SLU-PP-915 (10s), which contained a boronic acid moiety was profiled in gene expression assays and found to significantly upregulate the expression of ERR target genes such as peroxisome-proliferator activated receptor γ co-activators-1α, lactate dehydrogenase A, DNA damage inducible transcript 4 and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 both in vitro and in vivo.
Asunto(s)
Estrógenos , Isoformas de ProteínasRESUMEN
A series of N-aryl pyridinone inhibitors of p38 mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase were designed and prepared based on the screening hit SC-25028 (1) and structural comparisons to VX-745 (5). The focus of the investigation targeted the dependence of potency and metabolic stability on the benzyloxy connectivity, the role of the C-6 position and the substitution pattern on the N-phenyl ring. Further optimization produced the highly selective and potent pyridinones 2 and 3. These inhibitors exhibited activity in both acute and chronic models of inflammation.
Asunto(s)
Diseño de Fármacos , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/síntesis química , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacología , Piridonas/síntesis química , Piridonas/farmacología , Proteínas Quinasas p38 Activadas por Mitógenos/antagonistas & inhibidores , Animales , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Activación Enzimática/efectos de los fármacos , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/química , Humanos , Concentración 50 Inhibidora , Masculino , Microsomas Hepáticos/enzimología , Estructura Molecular , Piridazinas/química , Piridazinas/farmacología , Piridonas/química , Pirimidinas/química , Pirimidinas/farmacología , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-DawleyRESUMEN
The synthesis and SAR studies of a novel N-aryl pyridinone class of p38 kinase inhibitors are described. Systematic structural modifications to the HTS lead, 5, led to the identification of (-)-4a as a clinical candidate for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Additionally, the chiral synthesis and properties of (-)-4a are described.
Asunto(s)
Benzamidas/síntesis química , Benzamidas/farmacología , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/síntesis química , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacología , Pironas/síntesis química , Pironas/farmacología , Proteínas Quinasas p38 Activadas por Mitógenos/antagonistas & inhibidores , Animales , Benzamidas/química , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Perros , Activación Enzimática/efectos de los fármacos , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/química , Humanos , Concentración 50 Inhibidora , Macaca fascicularis , Masculino , Estructura Molecular , Piridonas , Pironas/química , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Proteínas Quinasas p38 Activadas por Mitógenos/química , Proteínas Quinasas p38 Activadas por Mitógenos/farmacologíaRESUMEN
A series of phenyl piperidine alpha-sulfone hydroxamate derivatives has been prepared utilizing a combination of solution-phase and resin-bound library technologies to afford compounds that are potent and highly selective for MMP-13, are dual-sparing of MMP-1 and MMP-14 (MT1-MMP) and exhibit oral bioavailability in rats.
Asunto(s)
Inhibidores de la Metaloproteinasa de la Matriz , Administración Oral , Animales , Disponibilidad Biológica , Ácidos Hidroxámicos/administración & dosificación , Metaloproteinasa 1 de la Matriz/efectos de los fármacos , Metaloproteinasa 14 de la Matriz/efectos de los fármacos , Piperidinas , Ratas , Bibliotecas de Moléculas Pequeñas , Solubilidad , Especificidad por Sustrato , SulfonasRESUMEN
The identification and evolution of a series of potent and selective p38 inhibitors is described. p38 inhibitors based on a N-benzyl pyridinone high-throughput screening hit were prepared and their SAR explored. Their design was guided by ligand bound co-crystals of p38alpha. These efforts resulted in the identification of 12r and 19 as orally active inhibitors of p38 with significant efficacy in both acute and chronic models of inflammation.
Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios/química , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/química , Piridonas/química , Proteínas Quinasas p38 Activadas por Mitógenos/antagonistas & inhibidores , Administración Oral , Animales , Antiinflamatorios/síntesis química , Antiinflamatorios/farmacocinética , Sitios de Unión , Dominio Catalítico , Cristalografía por Rayos X , Descubrimiento de Drogas , Humanos , Proteínas Quinasas JNK Activadas por Mitógenos/antagonistas & inhibidores , Proteínas Quinasas JNK Activadas por Mitógenos/metabolismo , Masculino , Microsomas Hepáticos/metabolismo , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/síntesis química , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/farmacocinética , Piridonas/síntesis química , Piridonas/farmacocinética , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Proteínas Quinasas p38 Activadas por Mitógenos/metabolismoRESUMEN
alpha-Piperidine-beta-sulfone hydroxamate derivatives were explored that are potent for matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2, -9, and -13 and are sparing of MMP-1. The investigation of the beta-sulfones subsequently led to the discovery of hitherto unknown alpha-sulfone hydroxamates that are superior to the corresponding beta-sulfones in potency for target MMPs, selectivity vs MMP-1, and exposure when dosed orally. alpha-Piperidine-alpha-sulfone hydroxamate 35f (SC-276) was advanced through antitumor and antiangiogenesis assays and was selected for development. Compound 35f demonstrates excellent antitumor activity vs MX-1 breast tumor in mice when dosed orally as monotherapy or in combination with paclitaxel.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos/síntesis química , Ácidos Hidroxámicos/síntesis química , Inhibidores de la Metaloproteinasa de la Matriz , Piperidinas/síntesis química , Sulfonas/síntesis química , Administración Oral , Inhibidores de la Angiogénesis/síntesis química , Inhibidores de la Angiogénesis/química , Inhibidores de la Angiogénesis/farmacología , Animales , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Femenino , Ácidos Hidroxámicos/química , Ácidos Hidroxámicos/farmacología , Neoplasias Mamarias Experimentales/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Mamarias Experimentales/mortalidad , Ratones , Ratones Desnudos , Paclitaxel/uso terapéutico , Piperidinas/química , Piperidinas/farmacología , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Sulfonas/química , Sulfonas/farmacología , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de XenoinjertoRESUMEN
The total synthesis of (+)-papuamine, the antipode of the C(2)-symmetric, optically active, pentacyclic diamine natural product, starting from a chiral diol is described. The diol is available via an asymmetric Diels-Alder reaction between 1,3-butadiene and di-(-)-menthyl fumarate. The key transformation in the synthesis is an intramolecular Pd(0)-catalyzed (Stille) coupling reaction to form the central 13-membered diazadiene macrocyclic ring.
RESUMEN
α-Sulfone-α-piperidine and α-tetrahydropyranyl hydroxamates were explored that are potent inhibitors of MMP's-2, -9, and -13 that spare MMP-1, with oral efficacy in inhibiting tumor growth in mice and left-ventricular hypertrophy in rats and in the bovine cartilage degradation ex vivo explant system. α-Piperidine 19v (SC-78080/SD-2590) was selected for development toward the initial indication of cancer, while α-piperidine and α-tetrahydropyranyl hydroxamates 19w (SC-77964) and 9i (SC-77774), respectively, were identified as backup compounds.