[Focosi's tendon-lengthening technic in blockage syndromes. Mechanism of action and surgical technic]. / L'allongement du tendon selon Focosi dans les syndromes de blocage. Mécanisme d'action et technique chirurgicale.

114 subjects with esotropia and blockage syndrome were observed. Diagnosis was based upon clinical and EOGraphical data. Tendon lengthening with fascia lata was performed mono or bilaterally on medical recti, with or without associated resection of the external recti. The residual angle of strabismus and the effect on the blockage were measured to evaluate the results. Those seemed to be generally favourable. The AA. discuss upon the action of this kind of surgery on the muscular dynamic.

The influence of early diabetes on the pattern electroretinogram.

Pattern electroretinogram response and contrast sensitivity were evaluated in two groups of diabetic patients by means of psychophysical and electrophysiological methods. The first group consisted of subjects suffering from diabetic retinopathy in various stages of evolution; the second was composed of diabetic patients with no fundus alterations and with good visual acuity. In both groups of patients, when the pattern electroretinogram was altered, contrast sensitivity was also abnormal.

Current views and some suggestions about mutual influences of eye dipoles as revealed by EOG.

Electro-oculographic response is recorded from a number of normal subjects: one eye becomes adapted to light, while the contralateral one persists in its dark-adapted state. The viewing eye shows the expected light-induced amplification effect. The contralateral eye shows the expected "paradoxical' curve in 12 cases; in addition, a flat curve is found in 4 cases, and a curve running parallel to that recorded from the light-exposed eye is found in 8 cases. In agreement with a previous report, found in the literature, cortical bio-electrical activity (on-going EEG) also shows a light-induced amplification after the onset of an adapting field. This latter finding is once more confirmed by us. This fact, in conjunction with some recent psychophysical findings (Lansford and Baker effect) leads to infer that interocular EOG influences are mediated by other mechanisms, in addition to spread across facial tissues.

[Development of the steady-state cortical visual evoked response in children]. / Le développement de la réponse stationnaire corticale évoquée visuelle chez l'enfant.

Steady-state VEPs responses (pattern reversal stimulation) have been studied by the application of frequency analysis with Fourier methods. Authors examined with this method a group of children aged from 4 to 12 years, without ophthalmological or neurological pathologies. Responses evaluation is based on the number of harmonic frequency components and also on the power spectra of the first two components. Frequency analysis shows a well proportioned responses development that can be considered as a good index of visual function growth.

[Nuclear magnetic resonance study of oculomotor alterations in multiple sclerosis]. / Etude de la résonance magnétique nucléaire des atteintes oculomotrices dans la sclérose en plaques.

The authors employing N.M.R. have studied 18 patients affected by M.S. with oculomotor alterations. In 16 cases a relation between location of the lesions and clinical features has been documented; in 2 cases with subclinical paralysis N.M.R. has not documented macroscopic lesions in the brainstem: the presence of multiple lesions in the cerebral white matter however is indicative of supranuclear centers involvement.

Visual evoked potentials and CSF IgG at different stages of multiple sclerosis: a possible correlation.

Visual Evoked Potentials (VEP) have been investigated in 102 patients affected by Multiple Sclerosis (MS), classified both by disease stage and by optic pathway status. VEP abnormalities were significantly correlated with the clinical stage and increased CSF IgG levels. The delay in the VEP latencies and the CSF IgG values proved to be increased in parallel in the worsening phases of MS. The diagnostic value of these findings is also discussed.