How to avoid the formation of hazardous chlorates and perchlorates during electro-disinfection with diamond anodes?

This work focuses on disinfection of water using electrolysis with diamond coatings avoiding or minimizing the formation of hazardous chlorates and perchlorates using a special type of commercial cells designed by CONDIAS (Itzehoe, Germany) in two different sizes: the CabECO and the MIKROZON cells. In these cells, the electrolyte that separates the anode and cathode is a proton exchange membrane. This helps to minimize the production of perchlorate and this behavior is enhanced in the smallest cell for which the very low contact times between the electrodes and the water allows to avoid the production of perchlorates when operating in a single-pass mode, which becomes a really remarkable point. In this paper, we report tests in which we demonstrate this outstanding performance and we also explain the differences observed in the two cells operating with the same water.

Testing the use of cells equipped with solid polymer electrolytes for electro-disinfection.

This work focuses on disinfection of water using electrolysis with boron doped diamond (BDD) coatings and faces this challenge by comparing the performance of two different cells manufactured by CONDIAS GmbH (Izehoe, Germany): CONDIACELL® ECWP and CabECO cells. They are both equipped with diamond electrodes, but the mechanical design is completely different, varying not only by geometry but also by the flow conditions. ECWP is a flow-through cell with perforated electrodes while the CabECO cell is a zero-gap cell with a proton exchange membrane as a solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) separating the anode and cathode. At 0.02 Ah dm-3 both cells attain around 3-5 logs pathogen removal, but design and sizing parameters give an advantage to the CabECO: it can minimize the production of chlorates and perchlorates when operating in a single-pass mode, which becomes a really remarkable point. In this paper, we report tests in which we demonstrate this outstanding performance and we also explain the differences observed in the two cells operating with the same water.

Regioselective C8-metalation of N-phosphine tethered adenine derivatives via C8-H activation.

Two new adenine derivatives bearing a N-methylene (1) or N-ethylene (2) tethered diphenylphosphine group have been reacted with [MIIICl2Cp*]2 (M = Ir, Rh) or [RuIIClCp*]4. The formation of Werner-type phosphine complexes [3]-[6] and upon heating their subsequent rearrangement into complexes bearing an NH,NR-NHC^PRPh2 chelate ligand in [7]Cl (M = Ir) and [8] (M = Ru) have been observed.

Correction: Regioselective C8-metalation of N-phosphine tethered adenine derivatives via C8-H activation.

Correction for 'Regioselective C8-metalation of N-phosphine tethered adenine derivatives via C8-H activation' by D. Brackemeyer et al., Dalton Trans., 2017, DOI: 10.1039/c7dt00682a.