Detection of iron atoms by emission spectroscopy and laser-induced fluorescence in solid propellant flames.

Planar laser-induced fluorescence on atomic iron is investigated in this paper, and a measurement strategy is proposed to monitor the fluorescence of iron atoms with good sensitivity. A model is proposed to fit the experimental fluorescence spectra, and good agreement is found between simulated and experimental spectra. Emission and laser-induced fluorescence measurements are performed in the flames of ammonium perchlorate composite propellants containing iron-based catalysts. A fluorescence signal from iron atoms after excitation at 248 nm is observed for the first time in propellant flames. Images of the spatial distribution of iron atoms are recorded in the flame in which turbulent structures are generated. Iron fluorescence is detected up to 1.0 MPa, which opens the way to application in propellant combustion.

Rovibrational hybrid fs/ps CARS using a volume Bragg grating for N2 thermometry.

Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectra of N2 in the hybrid femtosecond/picosecond regime have been recorded with 0.7 cm(-1) resolution. The Q-branch rovibrational structure has been resolved, making it suitable for gas-phase simultaneous rotational and vibrational thermometry applications. Resolving this spectral structure requires synchronization of a narrowband picosecond probe pulse with a broadband femtosecond pair of pump and Stokes pulses. It is achieved using a single femtosecond ytterbium-laser source and a volume Bragg grating in a compact experimental arrangement.

Multispecies high-energy emitter for CO2, CH4, and H2O monitoring in the 2 µm range.

We demonstrate the first emitter, based on a single optical source device, capable of addressing three species of interest (CO2, CH4, and H2O) for differential absorption Lidar remote sensing of atmospheric greenhouse gases from space in the 2 µm region. It is based on an amplified nested cavity optical parametric oscillator. The single frequency source shows a total conversion efficiency of 37% and covers the 2.05-2.3 µm range.

Dual-wavelength laser source for onboard atom interferometry.

We present a compact and stable dual-wavelength laser source for onboard atom interferometry with two different atomic species. It is based on frequency-doubled telecom lasers locked on a femtosecond optical frequency comb. We take advantage of the maturity of fiber telecom technology to reduce the number of free-space optical components, which are intrinsically less stable, and to make the setup immune to vibrations and thermal fluctuations. The source provides the frequency agility and phase stability required for atom interferometry and can easily be adapted to other cold atom experiments. We have shown its robustness by achieving the first dual-species K-Rb magneto-optical trap in microgravity during parabolic flights.

Guidelines (short version) of the French Society of Otorhinolaryngology (SFORL) on cervical lymphatic malformation in adults and children: Diagnosis.

OBJECTIVES: The authors present the guidelines of the French Society of Otorhinolaryngology (SFORL) for the diagnosis of cervical lymphatic malformation in adults and children. METHODS: A multidisciplinary work group was entrusted with a review of the scientific literature on the above topic. Guidelines were drawn up, based on the articles retrieved and the group members' individual experience. They were then read over by an editorial group independent of the work group, and finalized in a coordination meeting. Guidelines were graded A, B, C or expert opinion, by decreasing level of evidence. RESULTS: The SFORL recommends that complete ENT examination should be performed to identify lesions at high risk of complication or associated with poor prognosis. In case of diagnostic doubt, especially in latero-cervical or oral floor lesions, fine-needle aspiration cytology should be performed before therapeutic decision-making. One or more validated classifications should be used to assess treatment efficacy and monitor progression. The reliability of antenatal diagnosis should be ensured by associating MRI to ultrasound. In antenatal diagnosis, the locoregional extension of the cervical lymphatic malformation should be evaluated accurately for prognosis, and associated malformations should be screened for, to guide treatment options.

Absolute marine gravimetry with matter-wave interferometry.

Measuring gravity from an aircraft or a ship is essential in geodesy, geophysics, mineral and hydrocarbon exploration, and navigation. Today, only relative sensors are available for onboard gravimetry. This is a major drawback because of the calibration and drift estimation procedures which lead to important operational constraints. Atom interferometry is a promising technology to obtain onboard absolute gravimeter. But, despite high performances obtained in static condition, no precise measurements were reported in dynamic. Here, we present absolute gravity measurements from a ship with a sensor based on atom interferometry. Despite rough sea conditions, we obtained precision below 10-5 m s-2. The atom gravimeter was also compared with a commercial spring gravimeter and showed better performances. This demonstration opens the way to the next generation of inertial sensors (accelerometer, gyroscope) based on atom interferometry which should provide high-precision absolute measurements from a moving platform.

[The CT scanner and the temporomandibular joint. Anatomo-radiologic comparisons. Apropos of 14 cases of algodysfunctional of the manducator system]. / Scanner et articulation temporo-mandibulaire (ATM). Confrontations anatomo-radiologiques. A propos de 14 cas de syndrome algo-dysfonctionnel de l'appareil manducateur (SADAM).

Among 500 CT scan of temporomandibular joint (TMJ), examined since 1982 by bilateral direct sagittal method (Department of Radiology, Pr. A. TREHEUX, CHU Nancy-Brabois), the authors have retained 14 cases of patients with symptoms related to TMJ's dysfunction cured by surgery (Department of Maxillo Facial Surgery, Pr STRICKER, CHU Nancy). These cases were chosen among hundred patients annually examined by CT scan, for various diseases (TMJ's dysfunctions, traumatisms, infections, inflammatory diseases...). These correlations between radiology and surgery about 26 TMJ (2 patients underwent surgery only on one side) were: an accuracy with surgical findings for 19 cases (76%); in 6 cases (23%), a meniscus anteriorly displaced, non detected by CT scan was found by surgery; 2 cases of meniscus perforations (one in the frontal plane, the other sagittal) were surgical findings; in 1 case, a displacement was under-valued by CT scan; in 3 cases, arthrosic changes (1 case of Reiter syndrome), were characterized by CT scan. The authors emphasize the value and the limits of evaluation of the internal derangements of the TMJ with direct sagittal CT.

[Imaging of osteoarticular diseases of the anterior chest wall]. / Imagerie des affections ostéo-articulaires de la paroi thoracique antérieure.

The purpose of this paper is to present a pictorial display of osseous and articular lesions of the anterior chest wall. The role of CT and MR imaging in such disorders is emphasized. Imaging of the anterior thoracic wall by plain films is particularly difficult. However numerous disorders may be encountered. They include inflammatory hyperostosis and sclerosis of the clavicle and the sternum, condensing osteitis and post-traumatic osteolysis of the clavicle, radiation osteitis of the sternum and the ribs, septic arthritis of the sternoclavicular joint, primary and secondary tumors of the sternum and the ribs. We illustrate a spectrum of such lesions in which CT and MR imaging provides acute evaluation of both soft tissue and bone details.

Detecting inertial effects with airborne matter-wave interferometry.

Inertial sensors relying on atom interferometry offer a breakthrough advance in a variety of applications, such as inertial navigation, gravimetry or ground- and space-based tests of fundamental physics. These instruments require a quiet environment to reach their performance and using them outside the laboratory remains a challenge. Here we report the first operation of an airborne matter-wave accelerometer set up aboard a 0g plane and operating during the standard gravity (1g) and microgravity (0g) phases of the flight. At 1g, the sensor can detect inertial effects more than 300 times weaker than the typical acceleration fluctuations of the aircraft. We describe the improvement of the interferometer sensitivity in 0g, which reaches 2 x 10-4 ms-2 / √Hz with our current setup. We finally discuss the extension of our method to airborne and spaceborne tests of the Universality of free fall with matter waves.

[Role of duplex Doppler for superficial "angiomas"]. / Place de l'échodoppler dans les "angiomes" superficiels.

Diagnosis of superficial vascular anomalies, previously called "angiomas", is basically clinical. Ultrasound and duplex Doppler imaging is a simple and helpful tool to confirm the clinical diagnosis and/or to suggest further required imaging modalities. The purpose of this work is to demonstrate the usefulness of duplex Doppler and ultrasound for exploring vessel and soft tissue components of vascular anomalies.

[Multiple finger geodes in children]. / Affections multigéodiques des phalanges chez l'enfant.

Three pediatric patients with multiple geodes in the fingers are reported. This condition occurs mainly between one and three years and at seven years of age and is more common in winter. Affected fingers are swollen. Roentgenograms disclose several small lucent defects which are usually located in the middle phalanx. Several fingers are usually involved. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate is increased in virtually every case. Resolution occurs spontaneously within a few weeks or months. There is no tendency towards recurrence. Although the condition is inflammatory, exposure to cold is probably a precipitating factor.

Chirp measurement of multimode q-switched laser diode pulses by use of a streak camera and a grating monochromator.

We discuss spectrotemporal measurements of laser diode pulses performed with a streak camera and a grating monochromator to yield a precise evaluation of chirping effects in Q-switched multimode emissions. We experimentally illustrate several causes of errors, depending on the grating size and period as well as on the adjustment of the collimating lens at the monochromator output. An analytical formula is derived that allows us to relate the chirp amplitude to the inclination of the modal structures in the streak image. Two configurations are proposed for a practical determination of the chirp amplitude in multimode emissions. Illustrations are provided with Q-switched AlGaAs laser diodes that exhibit chirp amplitudes larger than the mode spacing.

[Study of the small bowel and mesentery in Crohn's disease: comparison of ultrasonics, x-ray computed tomography and small bowel transit in 18 patients]. / Etude des anses grêles et du mésentère au cours de la maladie de crohn: confrontation entre l'échographie, la tomodensitométrie et le transit du grêle chez 18 patients.

The advantages of tomodensitometry and ultrasonography were compared with those of small bowel series in Crohn's disease of the small bowel in 18 patients. These two examinations give results which are inferior to those of small bowel series, for the positive diagnosis and the evaluation of the intraluminal extension of the disease, since their sensitivity was only 60 p. cent in identifying the pathological loop. On the contrary, their advantage lies in the evaluation of the intraluminal extension of the disease, which was correctly demonstrated with ultrasonography in 22 p. cent of cases, and tomodensitometry in 45 p. cent. This confirms the supplementary value of these two examinations in the study of the mesenteric involvement of the disease, screening of abscesses, and makes desirable a prospective evaluation of the influence of mesenteric abnormalities on the prognosis and surgical indications.

[Computerized tomography in the diagnosis of craniomandibular disorders: radiological-surgical comparison]. / Application de la scanographie au diagnostic des désordres cranio-mandibulaires: confrontations radio-chirurgicales.

Among 500 C.T. scan of temporomandibular joint (T.M.J.), examined since 1982 by bilateral direct sagittal method (Department of Radiology, Pr. A. TREHEUX, C.H.U. Nancy-Brabois), the authors have retained 14 cases of patients with symptoms related to dysfunction of the T.M.J. cured by surgery (Department of Maxillo Facial Surgery, Pr. STRICKER, C.H.U. Nancy). These cases were chosen among hundred patients annually examined by C.T. scan, for various diseases (dysfunctions of the T.M.J., traumatisms, infections, inflammatory diseases...). These correlations between radiology and surgery about 26 T.M.J. (2 patients underwent surgery only on one side) were: an accuracy with surgical findings for 19 cases (76%); in 6 cases (23%), a meniscus anteriorly displaced, non detected by C.T. scan was found by surgery; 2 cases of meniscus perforations (one in the frontal plane, the other sagittal) were surgical findings; in 1 case, a displacement was under-valued by C.T. scan; in 3 cases, arthrosic changes (1 case of REITER syndroma) were characterized by C.T. scan. The authors emphasize the value and the limits of evaluation of the internal derangements of the T.M.J. with direct sagittal C.T.

[The scanner and the temporomandibular joint; anatomic-radiologic comparisons. Apropos of 26 cases of masticatory apparatus pain-dysfunction syndrome]. / Scanner et articulation temporo-mandibulaire (ATM); confrontations anatomo-radiologiques. A propos de 26 cas de syndrome algo-dysfonctionnel de l'appareil manducateur (SADAM).

Among 500 CT scan of temporomandibular joint (TMJ), examined since 1982 by bilateral direct sagittal method (Department of Radiology, Pr. A. Treheux, C.H.U. Nancy-Brabois), the authors have retained 14 cases of patients with symptoms related to TMJ's dysfunction cured by surgery (Department of Maxillo Facial Surgery, Pr. Stricker, C.H.U. Nancy). These cases were chosen among a hundred of patients annually examined by CT scan, for various diseases (TMJ's dysfunctions, traumatisms, infections, inflammatory diseases...) These correlations between radiology and surgery about 26 TMJ (2 patients underwent surgery only on one side) were: an accuracy with surgical findings for 19 cases (76%); in 6 cases (23%), a meniscus anteriorly displaced, non detected by CT scan was found by surgery; 2 cases of meniscus perforations (one in the frontal plane, the other sagittal) were surgical findings; in 1 case, a displacement was under-valued by CT scan; in 3 cases, arthrotic changes (1 case of Reiter syndrome) were characterized by CT scan. The authors emphasize the value and the limits of evaluation of the internal derangements of the TMJ with direct sagittal CT.