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1.
Vet Dermatol ; 32(4): 374-e106, 2021 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34121242

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Bullous amyloidosis is a rare disease in humans that has not been described in a veterinary species in the peer-reviewed literature. The human disease is characterised by haemorrhagic vesicles and bullae on the skin and mucosae, which form due to amyloid deposition. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: To describe the clinical features, laboratory analysis and histopathological features of an unique presentation of bullous disease in a horse. ANIMALS: A 17-year-old thoroughbred mare presented for weight loss and severe oral cavity ulcers. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Investigations involved haematological evaluation, chemistry profiles, gastroscopy and serum protein electrophoresis, and, postmortem, histopathological evaluation, Congo-red staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). RESULTS: Haemorrhagic vesicles and bullae occurred on the mucosa of the oral cavity, lips, oesophagus and stomach, and much less the muzzle, face and mucocutaneous areas of the perineum, where scarring was evident. Histopathological evaluation and Congo-red staining confirmed the presence of amyloid deposits in dermis and submucosa, in association with vesicle and bulla formation, consistent with bullous amyloidosis. TEM confirmed amyloid fibril deposition in the dermis and along the basement membrane zone. Clefts occurred in the superficial dermis and submucosa, which explained haemorrhage and scarring. The presence of a polyclonal gammopathy and the rapid abolishment of Congo-red staining with performate pretreatment supported serum amyloid A and secondary amyloidosis. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Bullous amyloidosis is a novel disease of the horse and a newly recognised differential for bullous disease, for which the haemorrhagic nature of bullae, scarring and deep secondary ulcers are considered clinical clues to the condition.


Asunto(s)
Amiloidosis , Enfermedades de los Caballos , Amiloide , Amiloidosis/diagnóstico , Amiloidosis/veterinaria , Animales , Vesícula/veterinaria , Femenino , Enfermedades de los Caballos/diagnóstico , Caballos , Membrana Mucosa , Piel
2.
Vet Dermatol ; 29(1): 72-e30, 2018 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28833761

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Currently, seven equine papillomaviruses (PV) are known and are associated with one of three different and distinct clinical presentations. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: To report the clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical findings in horses with generalized papillomatosis associated with a novel equine PV, Equus caballus papillomavirus 8 (EcPV8). ANIMALS: Three client-owned quarter horses. METHODS: Case report, retrospective. RESULTS: Dozens to thousands of papillomas involved the axilla, inguinal area and proximal limbs as well as the ventral and lateral neck, thorax and abdomen. Lesions were sometimes confluent in ventral areas. Fewer lesions were on the face, ears, distal limbs and genitalia. Plaque-type papillomas were small, 0.5 to 1.5 cm in diameter and hyperkeratotic. Histologically, plaque-type papillomas prominently involved follicular infundibula. Immunohistochemical findings demonstrated PV antigen in superficial keratinocyte nuclei. PCR using degenerate primers for the PV L1 gene and sequencing of amplicons revealed PV DNA sequences that were 98% identical for all three cases, but shared <70% identity to other PVs. Horses were otherwise healthy; serum immunoglobulin levels and peripheral blood lymphocyte phenotyping did not identify a known immunodeficiency syndrome. Lesions nearly completely resolved after 1.5 years in one horse and persisted for two years in another, despite intralesional human IFN-alpha treatment. The oldest horse was lost to follow-up. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: A novel equine papillomavirus (EcPV8) is associated with a distinct, plaque-type, generalized papillomatosis. Papillomas persisted for months to years, with or without treatment.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Caballos/virología , Papiloma/veterinaria , Papillomaviridae , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/veterinaria , Neoplasias Cutáneas/veterinaria , Animales , Femenino , Enfermedades de los Caballos/patología , Caballos/virología , Masculino , Papiloma/etiología , Papiloma/patología , Papiloma/virología , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/complicaciones , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/patología , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/virología , Piel/patología , Piel/virología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/etiología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/patología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/virología
3.
Glia ; 62(1): 39-51, 2014 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24272703

RESUMEN

Novel mutations in myelin and myelin-associated genes have provided important information on oligodendrocytes and myelin and the effects of their disruption on the normal developmental process of myelination of the central nervous system (CNS). We report here a mutation in the folliculin-interacting protein 2 (FNIP2) gene in the Weimaraner dog that results in hypomyelination of the brain and a tract-specific myelin defect in the spinal cord. This myelination disruption results in a notable tremor syndrome from which affected dogs recover with time. In the peripheral tracts of the lateral and ventral columns of the spinal cord, there is a lack of mature oligodendrocytes. A genome-wide association study of DNA from three groups of dogs mapped the gene to canine chromosome 15. Sequencing of all the genes in the candidate region identified a frameshift mutation in the FNIP2 gene that segregated with the phenotype. While the functional role of FNIP2 is not known, our data would suggest that production of truncated protein results in a delay or failure of maturation of a subpopulation of oligodendrocytes.


Asunto(s)
Proteínas Portadoras/genética , Enfermedades Desmielinizantes/veterinaria , Mutación/genética , Vaina de Mielina/patología , Médula Espinal/patología , Factores de Edad , Animales , Animales Recién Nacidos , Encéfalo/crecimiento & desarrollo , Encéfalo/patología , Enfermedades Desmielinizantes/genética , Enfermedades Desmielinizantes/patología , Perros , Femenino , Estudios de Asociación Genética , Haplotipos , Técnicas In Vitro , Estudios Longitudinales , Masculino , Oligodendroglía/metabolismo , Ratas , Médula Espinal/crecimiento & desarrollo , Temblor/etiología , Temblor/genética , Temblor/veterinaria , Vacuolas/patología
4.
Equine Vet J ; 56(2): 243-252, 2024 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37533378

RESUMEN

Equine thyroid disorders pose a diagnostic challenge in clinical practice because of the effects of nonthyroidal factors on the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, and the horse's ability to tolerate wide fluctuations in thyroid hormone concentrations and survive without a thyroid gland. While benign thyroid tumours are common in older horses, other disorders like primary hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism in adult horses and congenital hypothyroidism in foals are rare. There is a common misunderstanding regarding hypothyroidism in adult horses, especially when associated with the clinical profile of obesity, lethargy, and poor performance observed in dogs and humans. Low blood thyroid hormone concentrations are often detected in horses as a secondary response to metabolic and disease states, including with the nonthyroidal illness syndrome; however, it is important to note that low thyroid hormone concentrations in these cases do not necessarily indicate hypothyroidism. Assessing equine thyroid function involves measuring thyroid hormone concentrations, including total and free fractions of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3); however, interpreting these results can be challenging due to the pulsatile secretion of thyroid hormones and the many factors that can affect their concentrations. Dynamic testing, such as the thyrotropin-releasing hormone stimulation test, can help assess the thyroid gland response to stimulation. Although true hypothyroidism is extremely rare, thyroid hormone supplementation is commonly used in equine practice to help manage obesity and poor performance. This review focuses on thyroid gland pathophysiology in adult horses and foals, interpretation of blood thyroid hormone concentrations, and evaluation of horses with thyroid disorders. It also discusses the use of T4 supplementation in equine practice.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Perros , Enfermedades de los Caballos , Hipotiroidismo , Enfermedades de la Tiroides , Humanos , Caballos , Animales , Perros , Tirotropina/fisiología , Hormonas Tiroideas/fisiología , Enfermedades de la Tiroides/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de la Tiroides/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades de la Tiroides/veterinaria , Tiroxina/uso terapéutico , Triyodotironina/fisiología , Hipotiroidismo/diagnóstico , Hipotiroidismo/veterinaria , Obesidad/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Caballos/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de los Caballos/tratamiento farmacológico , Suplementos Dietéticos
5.
Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract ; 27(1): 115-28, 2011 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21392657

RESUMEN

Regulatory control of the thyroid gland in horses is similar to other species. Clinical signs of hypothyroidism in adult horses are minimal. Several drugs and physiologic and pathophysiological states can cause circulating thyroid hormone concentrations to be low without actual pathology of the thyroid gland. Thus, nonthyroidal factors must be ruled out before a diagnosis of hypothyroidism can be made. Thyroid hormone supplementation seems to be well tolerated, even in euthyroid horses. Neonatal foals have very high circulating thyroid hormone concentrations, and deficiencies result in significant clinical signs. Unlike in adults, two syndromes of hypothyroidism are well described in foals.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Caballos/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de los Caballos/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades de la Tiroides/veterinaria , Hormonas Tiroideas/uso terapéutico , Animales , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Femenino , Caballos , Hipotiroidismo/diagnóstico , Hipotiroidismo/tratamiento farmacológico , Hipotiroidismo/veterinaria , Masculino , Enfermedades de la Tiroides/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de la Tiroides/tratamiento farmacológico , Pruebas de Función de la Tiroides/veterinaria , Glándula Tiroides/fisiopatología
6.
J Equine Vet Sci ; 81: 102793, 2019 10.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31668310

RESUMEN

Certain breeds of horses may be genetically predisposed to developing insulin dysregulation, which is a risk factor for development of endocrinopathic laminitis in horses. This study was performed to test the hypotheses that Paso Fino horses exhibit evidence of insulin dysregulation compared with Thoroughbred horses and that obesity exaggerates the insulin dysregulation. Intravenous glucose tolerance tests were performed in 14 moderate-weight Thoroughbreds, 12 moderate-weight Paso Finos, and 12 overweight Paso Finos. Moderate Paso Finos had greater baseline serum insulin concentrations, area under the insulin concentration curve, peak insulin, insulin-to-glucose ratio, area under the insulin to glucose curve, and modified glucose-to-insulin ratio compared with moderate Thoroughbreds. The reciprocal inverse square of basal insulin (RISQI) and glucose-to-insulin ratio were significantly lower in moderate Paso Finos compared with moderate Thoroughbreds. Overweight Paso Finos had greater baseline insulin concentrations, area under the insulin concentration curve, time to peak insulin, baseline plasma glucose concentration, insulin-to-glucose ratio, and area under the insulin to glucose curve compared with moderate Paso Finos. The RISQI and glucose-to-insulin ratio were significantly lower in overweight Paso Finos compared with moderate Paso Finos. In conclusion, moderate-weight Paso Finos had higher baseline serum insulin concentrations and an excessive hyperinsulinemic response to an intravenous glucose load when compared with moderate-weight Thoroughbreds. Overweight Paso Finos had even greater baseline insulin concentrations and hyperinsulinemic responses to glucose compared with moderate Paso Finos, as well as greater baseline plasma glucose concentrations. Paso Finos exhibit insulin dysregulation compared with Thoroughbreds.


Asunto(s)
Glucosa , Caballos/metabolismo , Insulina , Animales , Glucemia/metabolismo , Glucosa/farmacología , Prueba de Tolerancia a la Glucosa/veterinaria , Insulina Regular Humana
7.
J Equine Vet Sci ; 75: 35-40, 2019 04.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31002090

RESUMEN

Glucocorticoids are known to exert inhibitory action on the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. With recent evidence that free plasma cortisol and urinary excretion of cortisol metabolites may be increased in horses with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID), it is important to further examine thyroid function in horses with PPID. To test the hypothesis that serum thyrotropin (TSH) concentrations are decreased in horses with PPID, baseline serum thyroid hormone and TSH concentrations, and responses to TSH-releasing hormone (TRH), were compared between 12 horses diagnosed as having PPID and 14 age-matched normal horses. Horses with PPID had resting serum concentrations of free thyroxine by equilibrium dialysis (fT4D) and TSH that were significantly lower than serum concentrations of fT4D and TSH in age-matched normal horses. Serum concentrations of total T4 and total and free triiodothyronine (T3) were also lower in horses with PPID compared with normal horses, but the differences did not reach statistical significance. Thyroid hormone and TSH responses to TRH administration were not different between horses with PPID and normal horses. In conclusion, serum fT4D concentrations are decreased in horses with PPID without an appropriate increase in serum TSH concentrations. Normal serum thyroid hormone and TSH concentration responses to exogenous TRH administration support the theory that increased glucocorticoid activity in horses with PPID may exert prolonged tonic suppression, but not complete inhibition, of TRH and subsequent TSH release, similar to what has been observed in other species.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de la Hipófisis/veterinaria , Tirotropina , Animales , Equidae , Caballos , Hormonas Tiroideas , Hormona Liberadora de Tirotropina
8.
J Equine Vet Sci ; 68: 21-25, 2018 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31256883

RESUMEN

With more horses remaining active longer in life, it is important to characterize changes that occur normally with aging, so that these can be differentiated from development of disease. The objective of the study was to test the hypotheses that geriatric horses have lower circulating concentrations of thyroid hormones and/or higher serum thyrotropin (TSH) concentrations compared to younger horses. Serum thyroid hormone and TSH concentrations from 71 normal, healthy horses that had participated in prior research projects were analyzed for effects of age, sex, and season when samples were obtained. All samples had been assayed in the same previously validated radioimmunoassays. There were no differences in serum concentrations of thyroid hormones or TSH by sex or season. Serum total thyroxine (T4) was greater in 3- to 6-year-old horses compared to all other age groups and was negatively correlated with age. There were no differences among age groups for free T4 and total and free tri-iodothyronine (T3). Serum TSH concentration was significantly greater in old horses (≥15 or ≥20 years) compared to young (3-10 years) and intermediate (11-14 years) age groups. Serum TSH was positively correlated with age. There were no significant differences in thyroid hormone responses to thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) among young, intermediate, or old horses. However, the TSH response to TRH was significantly different in both groups of older horses compared to intermediate and young horses. Serum total thyroxine concentrations decrease and serum TSH concentrations increase in horses as they age, with no changes in free T4 or T3.

9.
J Vet Intern Med ; 21(2): 302-7, 2007.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17427392

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) is common in horses. Although pulmonary artery (PA) pressure increases during RAO, cardiac function in horses with RAO has received limited attention. HYPOTHESIS: The purpose of this study was to noninvasively determine the cardiovascular effects of acute pulmonary obstruction (APO) in horses with RAO and their reversibility. ANIMALS: Five geldings with RAO, inducible by exposure to moldy hay, were studied. METHODS: Pulmonary mechanics, echocardiography, serum troponin I concentrations, arterial blood gases, and hematocrit were obtained before and after 7 days of APO. Heart rate, PA diameter and flow characteristics, right and left ventricular luminal dimensions and wall thicknesses, global cardiac performance, and evidence of myocardial damage were evaluated. Pulmonary mechanics and echocardiography were reevaluated during remission. RESULTS: [corrected] Severe, transient APO did not induce chronic cor pulmonale in horses, because cardiac anatomy and function were normal between episodes. An acute episode of APO produced anatomical and functional cardiac changes in both the right and left heart (including increased PA diameter, abnormal septal motion, and decreased left ventricular diameter and estimated stroke volume), possibly because of the development of pulmonary hypertension, without apparent myocardial damage. The decrease in stroke volume was offset by the increase in heart rate. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: With APO of 7 days' duration, cardiovascular abnormalities and the functional airway changes that produce them are reversible when the offending allergens are removed.


Asunto(s)
Cardiopatías/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Caballos/etiología , Enfermedades Pulmonares Obstructivas/veterinaria , Animales , Ecocardiografía/veterinaria , Cardiopatías/sangre , Cardiopatías/etiología , Enfermedades de los Caballos/sangre , Caballos , Enfermedades Pulmonares Obstructivas/sangre , Enfermedades Pulmonares Obstructivas/complicaciones , Masculino , Troponina I/sangre
10.
Vet Clin Pathol ; 46(1): 64-71, 2017 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28001311

RESUMEN

An 11-year-old, 443-kg Haflinger mare was presented to the North Carolina State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital with a 2-week history of lethargy and a 3-day duration of anorexia, pyrexia, tachycardia, and ventral edema. Severe pitting edema, peripheral lymphadenopathy, and a caudal abdominal mass were noted on physical examination. An extreme leukocytosis (154.3 × 103 /µL) and microscopic hematologic findings suggestive of myelomonocytic leukemia were observed. Serum protein electrophoresis revealed a monoclonal gammopathy and urine protein electrophoresis revealed a monoclonal light chain proteinuria. Necropsy and histopathology confirmed widespread neoplastic infiltration in many organs with a heterogenous population of cells; there was no apparent evidence of bone marrow involvement. Immunohistochemistry confirmed presence of a majority of B cells with a limited antigen expression, admixed with a lower number of T cells. Molecular clonality analysis of IgH2, IgH3, and kappa-deleting element (KDE, B cell) on whole blood and KDE on infiltrated tissues revealed clonal rearrangements, and the KDE intron clones that amplified in blood and in infiltrated tissue were identical. In contrast, the clonality analysis of T-cell receptor γ revealed no clonality on blood cells and infiltrated tissues. In conjunction with the histopathologic changes, the lesion was interpreted to be composed of neoplastic B cells with a reactive T-cell population. Polymerase chain reaction testing for equine herpes virus 5 was negative. The final diagnosis was diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with a marked hematogenous component.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Caballos/diagnóstico por imagen , Linfocitosis/veterinaria , Linfoma de Células B/veterinaria , Animales , Femenino , Enfermedades de los Caballos/patología , Caballos , Inmunohistoquímica/veterinaria , Linfocitosis/diagnóstico por imagen , Linfocitosis/patología , Linfoma de Células B/diagnóstico por imagen , Linfoma de Células B/patología , Microscopía Electrónica de Transmisión/veterinaria , Linfocitos T/patología
11.
J Vet Intern Med ; 20(2): 371-6, 2006.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16594596

RESUMEN

The purpose of the study reported here was to validate measurement of free thyroxine (fT4) concentration in equine serum by equilibrium dialysis (fT4D), and to compare values with fT4 concentration measured directly and with total T4 (TT4) concentration. The fT4D, fT4, and TT4 concentrations were measured over a range of values in euthyroid horses and horses made hypothyroid by administration of propylthiouracil (PTU). Concentrations of fT4D (<1.8-83 pmol/L) were consistently higher than those of fT4 (<1-40 pmol/L). There was a significant (P < .001) regression of fT4D on fT4 in 503 samples from normal horses (y = 2.086x - 0.430). In baseline samples from 71 healthy euthyroid horses, fT4 concentration ranged from 6-21 pmol/L (median, 11 pmol/L; 95% confidence interval [CI]10.5-11.8 pmol/L), and fT4D concentration ranged from 7-47 pmol/L (median, 22 pmol/L; 95% CI 20.9-25.1 pmol/L). Free T4D, fT4, and TT4 concentrations were also measured in 34 ill horses. Horses consuming PTU and ill horses had significantly (P < .05) lower serum concentration of TT4, fT4, and fT4D than did clinically normal, healthy horses. If serum samples from ill horses were further subdivided into samples from horses that lived and samples from horses that died, fT4D concentration was not significantly different in ill horses that lived, compared with that in healthy horses, whereas fT4 concentration was still significantly decreased in ill horses that died (P < 0.001). We conclude that measurement of fT4 concentration by equilibrium dialysis is a valid technique in the horse, and its use may provide improved ability to distinguish nonthyroidal illness syndrome from hypothyroidism in that species.


Asunto(s)
Diálisis/veterinaria , Caballos/sangre , Tiroxina/sangre , Animales , Diálisis/métodos , Femenino , Enfermedades de los Caballos/sangre , Enfermedades de los Caballos/diagnóstico , Hipotiroidismo/sangre , Hipotiroidismo/diagnóstico , Hipotiroidismo/veterinaria , Masculino , Valores de Referencia
13.
J Vet Intern Med ; 16(1): 109-15, 2002.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11822799

RESUMEN

The purpose of this study was to validate a thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) assay in a model of equine hypothyroidism. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation tests were performed in 12 healthy adult mares and geldings, aged 4 to greater than 20 years. before and during administration of the antithyroid drug propylthiouracil (PTU) for 6 weeks. Serum concentrations of equine TSH, total and free thyroxine (T4), and total and free triiodothyronine (T3) were measured. Before PTU administration, mean +/- standard deviation baseline concentrations of TSH were 0.40 +/- 0.29 ng/mL. TSH increased in response to TRH, reaching a peak concentration of 0.78 +/- 0.28 ng/mL at 45 minutes. Total and free T4 increased from 12.9 +/- 5.6 nmol/L and 12.2 +/- 3.5 pmol/L to 36.8 +/- 11.4 nmol/L and 23.1 +/- 5.9 pmol/L, respectively, peaking at 4-6 hours. Total and free T3 increased from 0.99 +/- 0.51 nmol/L and 2.07 +/- 1.14 pmol/L to 2.23 +/- 0.60 nmol/l and 5.78 +/- 1.94 pmol/L, respectively, peaking at 2-4 hours. Weekly measurements of baseline TSH and thyroid hormones during PTU administration showed that total and free T, concentrations fell abruptly and remained low throughout PTU administration. Total and free T4 concentrations did not decrease dramatically until weeks 5 and 4 of PTU administration, respectively. A steady increase in TSH concentration occurred throughout PTU administration, with TSH becoming markedly increased by weeks 5 and 6 (1.46 +/- 0.94 ng/mL at 6 weeks). During weeks 5 and 6 of PTU administration, TSH response to TRH was exaggerated, and thyroid hormone response was blunted. Results of this study show that measurement of equine TSH in conjunction with thyroid hormone measurement differentiated normal and hypothyroid horses in this model of equine hypothyroidism.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Caballos/diagnóstico , Hipotiroidismo/veterinaria , Tirotropina/sangre , Animales , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Femenino , Enfermedades de los Caballos/inducido químicamente , Caballos , Hipotiroidismo/inducido químicamente , Hipotiroidismo/diagnóstico , Masculino , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Propiltiouracilo , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Tirotropina/efectos de los fármacos , Hormona Liberadora de Tirotropina/farmacología , Tiroxina/sangre , Tiroxina/efectos de los fármacos , Triyodotironina/sangre , Triyodotironina/efectos de los fármacos
14.
J Vet Intern Med ; 18(3): 370-3, 2004.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15188829

RESUMEN

Trimethoprim-sulfadiazine was administered to horses in a randomized, placebo controlled study to determine the effects of potentiated sulfonamides on thyroid function in normal horses. The treatment group included eight horses that received trimethoprim-sulfadiazine mixed with molasses orally at 30 mg/kg once daily for eight weeks. The control group included 8 horses that received an oral placebo (flour mixed with molasses) once daily for the same period. Thyroid function was evaluated prior to initiation of treatment and after 8 weeks of treatment. Serum concentrations of total and free triiodothyronine (T3), total and free thyroxine (T4), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were determined at rest and after a thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation test. There was no detectable difference between treatment and control groups.


Asunto(s)
Antiinfecciosos/farmacología , Caballos/metabolismo , Sulfadiazina/farmacología , Glándula Tiroides/efectos de los fármacos , Trimetoprim/farmacología , Administración Oral , Animales , Antiinfecciosos/administración & dosificación , Antiinfecciosos/sangre , Quimioterapia Combinada , Femenino , Masculino , Sulfadiazina/administración & dosificación , Sulfadiazina/sangre , Pruebas de Función de la Tiroides/veterinaria , Hormonas Tiroideas/sangre , Trimetoprim/administración & dosificación , Trimetoprim/sangre
15.
J Am Vet Med Assoc ; 223(3): 340-5, 2003 Aug 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12906230

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether ingestion of fescue seed infected with the endophyte Neotyphodium coenophialum would alter thyroid function in adult horses. DESIGN: Original study. ANIMALS: 4 adult mares that were not pregnant and 6 adult geldings. PROCEDURE: Thyrotropin releasing hormone stimulation tests were performed while horses received a standard diet and after infected seed (2.3 kg/d [5 lb/d]) had been fed for 1 and 2 months. Serum prolactin concentrations were measured to verify endophyte absorption. RESULTS: Serum prolactin concentrations indicated that at least 8 of 10 horses absorbed the endophyte. Baseline concentrations of thyroid stimulating hormone, total and free triiodothyronine, and total and free thyroxine and the change in hormone concentrations in response to administration of thyrotropin releasing hormone (1 mg, i.v.) were not altered by ingestion of endophyte-infected fescue seed. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that ingestion of fescue seed infected with the endophytic fungus N. coenophialum for 2 months has little effect on thyroid function in adult horses that are not pregnant.


Asunto(s)
Alimentación Animal/microbiología , Enfermedades de los Caballos/microbiología , Hypocreales/patogenicidad , Poaceae/microbiología , Glándula Tiroides/fisiología , Animales , Femenino , Microbiología de Alimentos , Enfermedades de los Caballos/sangre , Enfermedades de los Caballos/fisiopatología , Caballos , Cinética , Masculino , Prolactina/sangre , Semillas/microbiología , Tirotropina/sangre , Triyodotironina/sangre
16.
J Am Vet Med Assoc ; 220(10): 1512-5, 2002 May 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12018380

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To identify clinical signs, underlying cardiac conditions, echocardiographic findings, and prognosis for horses with congestive heart failure. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 14 horses. PROCEDURE: Signalment; history; clinical signs; clinicopathologic, echocardiographic, and radiographic findings; treatment; and outcome were determined by reviewing medical records. RESULTS: All 14 horses were examined because of a heart murmur; tachycardia was identified in all 14. Twelve horses had echocardiographic evidence of enlargement of 1 or more chambers of the heart. Other common clinical findings included jugular distention or pulsation, crackles, cough, tachypnea, and ventral edema. Nine horses had signs consistent with heart failure for > 6 days. Underlying causes for heart failure included congenital defects, traumatic vascular rupture, pericarditis, pulmonary hypertension secondary to heaves, and valvular dysplasia. Seven horses were euthanatized after diagnosis of heart failure; 5 were discharged but were euthanatized or died of complications of heart disease within 1 year after discharge. The remaining 2 horses were discharged but lost to follow-up. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that congestive heart failure is rare in horses. A loud heart murmur accompanied by either jugular distention or pulsation, tachycardia, respiratory abnormalities (crackles, cough, tachypnea), and ventral edema were the most common clinical signs. Echocardiography was useful in determining the underlying cause in affected horses. The long-term prognosis for horses with congestive heart failure was grave.


Asunto(s)
Insuficiencia Cardíaca/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Caballos/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de los Caballos/terapia , Animales , Ecocardiografía/veterinaria , Femenino , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/diagnóstico , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/mortalidad , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/terapia , Enfermedades de los Caballos/mortalidad , Caballos , Masculino , Pronóstico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Taquicardia/diagnóstico , Taquicardia/terapia , Taquicardia/veterinaria , Resultado del Tratamiento
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